Antronico L.; De Pascale F.; Coscarelli R.; Gullà G., 2020, Landslide risk perception, social vulnerability and community resilience_ The case study of Maierato (Calabria, southern Italy),
International journal of disaster risk reduction 46 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101529,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.ijdrr.2020.101529
Abstract
Community resilience is the ability of people exposed to disasters, crises and underlying vulnerabilities, to ...
Community resilience is the ability of people exposed to disasters, crises and underlying vulnerabilities, to anticipate, to prepare for, to reduce the impact of, to cope with and to recover from the effects of shocks and stresses without compromising their long-term prospects. In February 2010, the town of Maierato (Calabria, southern Italy) was hit by a large landslide, which radically changed the morphology of the territory and produced an important social and economic impact. The aim of this paper is to deal with the concepts of social vulnerability and community resilience, within the framework of the landslide risk governance and the perception of the risk. Survey was conducted by means of a structured questionnaire interviewing 200 adults. Results, analyzed by means of qualitative methods with the support of descriptive statistics, highlighted several important remarks. Globally, this case study indicates that urgent actions should be taken to reduce disaster-risk such as_ improving citizens' understanding of disaster management, reinforcing risk governance to improve disaster management, investing in risk mitigation and programs fostering adaptation and resilience, improving emergency planning strategies.
Lorenzo Marchi, Marco Cavalli, Gianluca Marcato, 2020, Progetto “GPR” “Approfondimento delle strategie di Governo della Pericolosità alluvionale a seguito dell’evento del 29 ottobre 2018 sul rio Rotiano” – Note sul cedimento di opere di sistemazione in conseguenza di eventi torrentizi intensi,
WP5.01.2020, 2020,
Abstract
Il rapporto presenta e discute una serie di casi, tratti dalla dalla letteratura tecnico-scientifica e ...
Il rapporto presenta e discute una serie di casi, tratti dalla dalla letteratura tecnico-scientifica e dall'esperienza degli autori, di opere di sistemazione idraulica (specialmente briglie) danneggiate o collassate in conseguenza di piene torrentizie o colate detritiche.
Hu T.; Kang Z.; Massironi M.; Hiesinger H.; van der Bogert C.H.; Gamba P.; Brunetti M.T.; Melis M.T., 2020, Geological evolution of the Sinus Iridum basin,
Planetary and space science 194 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.pss.2020.105134,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.pss.2020.105134
Abstract
As a semi-enclosed crater basin on the northwest rim of Imbrium basin, Sinus Iridum is ...
As a semi-enclosed crater basin on the northwest rim of Imbrium basin, Sinus Iridum is a key site to investigate the geological characteristics at the intersection of two basins. For this reason, we focused on model age determination in Sinus Iridum basin using Chang'E-2 high-resolution images coupled with compositional maps from the Clementine data sets, as well as with digital elevation models (DEMs) from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). With these datasets we identified different geologic units onto which we performed model age determinations based on crater counting. This systematic analysis of the Sinus Iridum basin shows that the age of the oldest exposed basaltic unit is 3.37 Ga (Imbrian age), while the youngest, a mare basalt unit that enters the basin from Imbrium basin, is 1.24 Ga (late Eratosthenian). In general, the ages of the geologic units inside the Sinus Iridum basin gradually decrease from the northeast to the southwest, with the only exception of the young units being located in the north-eastern area. We conclude that the crater size-frequency distributions (CSFD) reflect a multi-layer sequence, suggesting multiple resurfacing events inside Sinus Iridum. The model age determinations identify several infilling events of basalts ranging from 3.37 Ga to 1.24 Ga, which are all derived mare basalt flows from the Imbrium basin.
Lorenzo Marchi, 2020, Progetto “GPR” “Approfondimento delle strategie di Governo della Pericolosità alluvionale a seguito dell’evento del 29 ottobre 2018 sul rio Rotiano” – Commento alle registrazioni video nella zona del camping di Dimaro,
WP2.01.2020, 2020,
Abstract
Il rapporto sintetizza e commenta brevemente la riprese effettuate da 7 telecamere nella zona del ...
Il rapporto sintetizza e commenta brevemente la riprese effettuate da 7 telecamere nella zona del campeggio di Dimaro durante l'evento alluvionale che ha interessato il rio Rotiano il 29 ottobre 2018
L. Marchi, G. Bossi, M. Cavalli, S. Crema, M. Mantovani, G. Marcato, A. Pasuto, A. Sarretta, G. Tedesco, A. Barizza, 2020, Accordo di collaborazione per lo studio di interventi per la mitigazione del rischio da colate detritiche in località Velt – Rapporto finale con integrazioni,
Velt.03.2020, 2020,
Abstract
Il rapporto presenta le attività svolte nel quadro dell'Accordo di collaborazione fra il Comune di ...
Il rapporto presenta le attività svolte nel quadro dell'Accordo di collaborazione fra il Comune di Sauris ed il CNR IRPI, avente per oggetto l'approfondimento della conoscenza delle caratteristiche geolitologiche dei bacini idrografici della zona Velt, con particolare riguardo alla caratterizzazione delle colate detritiche e all'individuazione preliminare degli interventi di mitigazione.
Dari, Jacopo; Brocca, Luca; Quintana-Segui, Pere; Escorihuela, Maria Jose; Stefan, Vivien; Morbidelli, Renato, 2020, Exploiting High-Resolution Remote Sensing Soil Moisture to Estimate Irrigation Water Amounts over a Mediterranean Region,
Remote sensing (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/rs12162593,
DOI: 10.3390%2Frs12162593
Abstract
Despite irrigation being one of the main sources of anthropogenic water consumption, detailed information about ...
Despite irrigation being one of the main sources of anthropogenic water consumption, detailed information about water amounts destined for this purpose are often lacking worldwide. In this study, a methodology which can be used to estimate irrigation amounts over a pilot area in Spain by exploiting remotely sensed soil moisture is proposed. Two high-resolution DISPATCH (DISaggregation based on Physical And Theoretical scale CHange) downscaled soil moisture products have been used_ SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) at 1 km. The irrigation estimates have been obtained through the SM2RAIN algorithm, in which the evapotranspiration term has been improved to adequately reproduce the crop evapotranspiration over irrigated areas according to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) model. The experiment exploiting the SMAP data at 1 km represents the main work analyzed in this study and covered the period from January 2016 to September 2017. The experiment with the SMOS data at 1 km, for which a longer time series is available, allowed the irrigation estimates to be extended back to 2011. For both of the experiments carried out, the proposed method performed well in reproducing the magnitudes of the irrigation amounts that actually occurred in four of the five pilot irrigation districts. The SMAP experiment, for which a more detailed analysis was performed, also provided satisfactory results in representing the spatial distribution and the timing of the irrigation events. In addition, the investigation into which term of the SM2RAIN algorithm plays the leading role in determining the amount of water entering into the soil highlights the importance of correct representation of the evapotranspiration process.
Zhang G.; Cui P.; Jin W.; Zhang Z.; Wang H.; Bazai N.A.; Li Y.; Liu D.; Pasuto A., 2020, Changes in hydrological behaviours triggered by earthquake disturbance in a mountainous watershed,
Science of the total environment (2020). doi_10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143349,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2020.143349
Abstract
Landslides induced by strong earthquakes often destroy large amounts of landscape vegetation which can trigger ...
Landslides induced by strong earthquakes often destroy large amounts of landscape vegetation which can trigger significant changes in runoff potential and flood flow. Little is known about hydrological behaviours imposed by co-seismic landslides and their post-earthquake evolution. Therefore, we collected time-series datasets (2007-2018) of underlying surface conditions (USC) changes including landslide expansion and recovery in a watershed affected by the Wenchuan earthquake to further quantify how the large physical disturbance affected the flood hydrological behaviours. The hydrological model HEC-HMS was calibrated and validated to predict the historical hydrological behaviours based on 5 min time-series data in rainfalls and streamflow (2018-2019), showing a good model performance with a mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.76. It was found that, shortly after the earthquake, the sharp expansion with 11% of landslide areas elevated the magnitudes of runoff potential, peak discharge, and runoff volume by >10%, and the peak to time for the high-magnitude flood was advanced by 25 min compared to the pre-earthquake levels. The tipping point along the hydrological disturbance-recovery trajectory was detected within 2011 with higher flood peaks and volumes, and the periods of 2011-2013 (i.e. 3-5 years post-earthquake) were deemed to be a rapid recovery period, revealing an unstable hydrological function. These findings are significant for clearly understanding the magnitude and timing, as well as greater risks of post-earthquake catastrophic flooding in earthquake-stricken regions. Additionally, the post-earthquake accompanied rainstorm-induced geohazards, which limited the recovery of landscape vegetation, triggering an undulant but clear recovery process (1-7 years post-earthquake) of hydrological behaviours. These findings promoted our understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of hydrological behaviours triggered by the earthquake, and further contribute to the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies for the unpredictable flash floods triggered by future abrupt natural hazards in earthquake-affected regions.
Martina Cignetti , Danilo Godone , Davide Bertolo , Marco Paganone , Patrick Thuegaz, Daniele Giordan, 2020, Rockfall susceptibility along the regional road network of Aosta Valley Region (northwestern Italy),
Journal of maps (2020). doi_10.1080/17445647.2020.1850534,
DOI: 10.1080%2F17445647.2020.1850534
Abstract
Rockfalls are a major hazard in mountain areas. They can endanger human settlements and infrastructures, ...
Rockfalls are a major hazard in mountain areas. They can endanger human settlements and infrastructures, and, every year, cause multiple damage and victims. An investigation of those areas more susceptible to rockfall represents a key approach to improve the analysis and management of rockfall impact and consequences. The proposed procedure involves the study of occurred rockfall databases and thematic maps to compute a susceptibility map, by the employment of Analytical Hierarchic Process. The computation is focused on the road network of Aosta Valley Region (northwestern Italy) and its proximity. The model results highlight the importance of morphometric factors on the investigated phenomena. The outcomes of the analysis were also validated by comparing rockfall databases with the receiver operating characteristic curve, in order to confirm their reliability. The results of the procedure are a starting point for a detailed planning action in order to manage the hazard related to these phenomena.
Michele Perrotti, Danilo Godone, Paolo Allasia, Marco Baldo, Nunzio Luciano Fazio, Piernicola Lollino, 2020, Investigating the Susceptibility to Failure of a Rock Cliff by Integrating Structure-from-Motion Analysis and 3D Geomechanical Modelling,
Remote sensing (Basel) (2020). doi_10.3390/rs12233994,
DOI: 10.3390%2Frs12233994
Abstract
Multi-temporal UAV and digital photo surveys have been acquired between 2017 and 2020 on a ...
Multi-temporal UAV and digital photo surveys have been acquired between 2017 and 2020 on a coastal cliff in soft rocks in South-Eastern Italy for hazard assessment and the corresponding point clouds have been processed and compared. The multi-temporal survey results provide indications of a progressive deepening process of erosion and detachment of blocks from the mid-height portion of the cliff, with the upper stiffer rock stratum working provisionally as a shelf against the risk of general collapse. Based on the DEM model obtained, a three-dimensional geomechanical finite element model has been created and analyzed in order to investigate the general stability of the cliff and to detect the rock portions which are more susceptible to failure. Concerning the evolving erosion process, active in the cliff, the photogrammetric analyses and the modeling simulations result in agreement and a proneness to both local and general instabilities has been achieved.
Paola Reichenbach (1), Mauro Rossi (1), Fausto Guzzetti (2) and Bruce D. Malamud (3), 2020, Evaluating the terrain susceptibility to mass movements,
Evaluating the Terrain Susceptibility to Mass-Movements, Treatise on Geomorphology, 2nd edition. Amsterdam_ Elsevier, 2020,
Abstract
The variability of landslide phenomena in terms of types, velocity and size, makes it difficult ...
The variability of landslide phenomena in terms of types, velocity and size, makes it difficult to establish a unique methodology for the definition of landslide susceptibility, with different approaches proposed in the literature for the prediction of landslide occurrence. In addition, the extent of the study area and the characteristics of the available data may influence the selection of the susceptibility models. For these reasons, landslide susceptibility studies described in the literature use different modelling approaches adopting a variety of mapping units and thematic information. In this chapter, we first use a database of 565 articles from a recent systematic review of the literature to illustrate and describe a synthesis of relevant information on landslide susceptibility modelling and terrain zonation. We then present examples of susceptibility zonations prepared at four different scales_ (i) continental (Europe), (ii) national (Italy), (iii) sub-national (Umbria Region, Italy), and (iv) catchment scale (Collazzone area, Italy), using different data types and resolutions, different mapping units, and various statistically-based modelling approaches. We use these four examples to provide our reflections on the proprieties of the geo-environmental data, and the main characteristics of the modelling approaches at different scales. We conclude with a few steps that could become a starting point for the discussion and definition of a standard for statistically-based landslide susceptibility methods and zonation.
Giorgio De Giorgio, Limoni Pier Paolo, Polemio Maurizio, Zuffianò Livia Emanuela, 2020, ATTIVITÀ DI MONITORAGGIO IDROGEOLOGICO PERIODICO DELLE ACQUE SOTTERRANEE IN CONTRADA MARTUCCI, COMUNE DI CONVERSANO (BARI) VII Rapporto di Progresso,
2020,
Abstract
La società "Progetto Gestione Bacino Bari Cinque s.r.l." ha affidato all'Istituto di Ricerca per la ...
La società "Progetto Gestione Bacino Bari Cinque s.r.l." ha affidato all'Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica del CNR (CNR-IRPI) - Sede Secondaria di Bari, le "Attività di monitoraggio idrogeologico periodico delle acque sotterranee in Contrada Martucci, Comune di Conversano (Bari)", per l'impianto per il trattamento e lo smaltimento di rifiuti solidi urbani posto nella suddetta contrada. Il presente Rapporto di Progresso descrive le attività svolte in sito, sia ai fini del campionamento delle acque sotterranee che delle misure piezometriche, attività intercorse nel quinto e sesto trimestre di riferimento, e raccoglie le misure e le determinazioni acquisite in sito dei parametri chimico-fisici non stabili nonché delle misure piezometriche.
Alessandro Pasuto, Giulia Bossi, Matteo Mantovani, Gianluca Marcato, Luca Schenato, Giacomo Tedesco, Giacomo Titti, 2020, ATTIVITÀ DI GESTIONE, MANUTENZIONE, VALIDAZIONE E INTERPRETAZIONE DEI DATI RELATIVAMENTE AL SISTEMA DI MONITORAGGIO DELLE FRANE DEL TESSINA E DI LAMOSANO NEL PERIODO DAL 01.09.2019 AL 31.08.2020,
2020,
Abstract
report delle attività svolte durante il II anno di convenzione delle frane di Lamosano e ...
report delle attività svolte durante il II anno di convenzione delle frane di Lamosano e Tessina
Piero Boccardo; Vanina Fissore; Salvatore Morreale; Elisa Ilardi, 2020, AERIAL LiDAR TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPORT TO AVALANCHES PREVENTION AND RISK MITIGATION_ AN OPERATIVE APPLICATION AT “COLLE DELLA MADDALENA” (ITALY),
Climate Change and Disaster Management 2020, Sidney, Australia, 30/11/2020 - 04/12/2020,
Abstract
Snow avalanches are the result of unstable snow masses that detach from steep slopes as ...
Snow avalanches are the result of unstable snow masses that detach from steep slopes as consequence of changes in snowpack structure. Nowadays, remote sensing technologies can improve the knowledge of avalanches phenomenon. This work focuses on the use of high point density aerial LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) technology as support to avalanche events prevention and risk mitigation, by presenting an operative application at Colle della Maddalena (Italy), along the road SS n. 21, nearby the French state border. The area is often involved in intense avalanche events that adversely impact on traffic and freight transport. For this reason, regional administrations will activate the Avalanche Artificial Detachment Intervention Plan (PIDAV, 2012) in order to prevent and manage the avalanche risk in the study area, also adopting artificial detachment systems. Main aim of the present work was to generate high resolution information related to geomorphological characterization (i.e. digital elevation models, slope and aspect) of avalanche sites derived from LiDAR data processing, that will help involved authorities in the management of the avalanche control plan. Digital elevation models at 0.5 m of spatial resolution were generated together with relative tridimensional models. Secondly, a preliminary investigation about capabilities and limits of LiDAR technology was done in the identification of avalanche sites only relying on geomorphological information directly derived by LiDAR data processing. Results showed that position of avalanche sites were correctly identified while no information could be obtained about the extension of the sliding area and identification of detachment areas.
Giorgio De Giorgio 1, Michele Chieco 2, Pier Paolo Limoni 1, Livia Emanuela Zuffianò 1, Vittoria Dragone 1, Annarita Romanazzi 1, Rossella Pagliarulo 1, Giuseppe Musicco 2 and Maurizio Polemio 1, 2020, Improving Regulation and the Role of Natural Risk Knowledge to Promote Sustainable Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Utilization,
Water (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/w12102925,
DOI: 10.3390%2Fw12102925
Abstract
The use of geothermal energy resources to support anthropogenic activities have a long-lasting tradition, renewed ...
The use of geothermal energy resources to support anthropogenic activities have a long-lasting tradition, renewed in recent decades with the increasing use of low enthalpy geothermal energy (LEG) with combined systems of heat pumps and geothermal exchange, exploiting the enormous thermal capacity and very low temperature variability of subsoil, including rocks and water. The further potential global increase of LEG use could be enormous, although LEG is already the main geothermal energy sources in Europe, contributing significantly to reach 2030 UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) on renewable energy resources, as a further leg to support all necessary efforts for these scopes. This research pursues LEG spreading improving knowledge on limitations of guidelines, technical regulations and/or laws, briefly rules, especially in terms of potential risks or limitations due to environmental constrains or natural phenomena. A global documentary research, including scientific articles, books, technical reports from qualified institutions, technical standards, guidelines, regulations, and laws, was realized with three different groups of keywords. A total of 161 documents were selected after some steps, including quality check. Identical English and Italian keyword sets were used to span from an international global scale to the complex local scale which characterizes the Italian experience. A complex sheet was filled in for each document, supporting data discussion, planned with a geographical criterion, from global to local. The system of rules resulted worldwide inhomogeneous and complex, with high differences from countries, nations or regions, also at local scale. The low quality or the absence of simple and careful "rules" emerged an important obstacle to LEG diffusion that can guarantee sustainability and the absence of natural risks. Main virtuous systems of rules were recognized as very useful to promote LEG spreading but these are still uncommon. The discussion of optimal experiences and the overview of potential natural risks due to LEG complete the paper.
Pagliarulo Rosa, 2020, Fenomenologie tipiche di instabilità del territorio in Puglia_ frane costiere,
2020,
Abstract
La tematica oggetto di questa breve chiacchierata, rientra nell'ambito del WP 8 - Definizione di ...
La tematica oggetto di questa breve chiacchierata, rientra nell'ambito del WP 8 - Definizione di procedure metodologiche per l'analisi dell'instabilità costiera del Progetto Regione e si riferisce essenzialmente al rischio costiero.
Pagliarulo Rosa, 2020, Report I Semestre WP8 Definizione di procedure metodologiche per l’analisi dell’instabilità pugliese,
pp.1–3, 2020,
Abstract
Gli studi relativi alle procedure metodologiche per la valutazione delle instabilità costiere nel primo semestre ...
Gli studi relativi alle procedure metodologiche per la valutazione delle instabilità costiere nel primo semestre 2020 purtroppo sono stati rallentati a causa della chiusura dovuta alla emergenza COVID 19, soprattutto per quanto riguarda sopralluoghi, verifiche e controlli in situ, e comunque sono continuati gli scambi di opinioni e le discussioni tramite riunioni online con tutti i partecipanti al WP8. E' stato avviato uno studio sul moto ondoso e sulle caratteristiche delle onde durante le forti mareggiate. I dati consultati, provenienti dal database RON (Rete Ondametrica Nazionale), comprendono il periodo Gennaio 2010 - Dicembre 2014. Le variabili coinvolte e considerate sono diverse e comprendono_ a) l'altezza d'onda; b) come l'energia delle onde viene modificata dal fondale prima di raggiungere la costa, quindi dalla presenza o meno della piattaforma di abrasione; c) la direzione di incidenza del moto ondoso rispetto alla linea di costa.
La direzione della maggior parte delle mareggiate segue quella dei venti predominanti e cioè E-SE e N-NE.
Pagliarulo Rosa, Veronica Zumpano, 2020, Meccanismi dell’instabilità costiera e processi erosivi lungo le coste Rocciose pugliesi,
Analisi e Attività di mitigazione dei processi geo-idrologici in Italia, pp. 69–73, Roma, 29 Novembre 2019,
Abstract
Nel presente articolo, dopo aver individuato le tipologie di costa più frequenti nella Regione pugliese ...
Nel presente articolo, dopo aver individuato le tipologie di costa più frequenti nella Regione pugliese vengono analizzati i meccanismi e le cause della diffusa instabilità delle coste rocciose alte. Questa problematica riveste carattere di enorme rilevanza regionale anche tenuto conto dell'estensione delle coste alte potenzialmente interessate a questo fenomeno. La morfodinamica costiera determina nel tempo una variazione dei versanti e delle falesie. L'evoluzione della costa alta può essere, in alcuni casi continua e lenta, in altri discontinua e veloce, a seconda delle azioni dirette e indirette compiute dagli agenti esterni sul litorale.
I dissesti possono essere episodici e discontinui nel tempo e nello spazio. Le falesie pugliesi sono intagliate in rocce carbonatiche mesozoiche stratificate e fessurate e calcareniti plio-pleistoceniche. I dissesti più diffusi sono riferibili a crolli di blocchi o di porzioni di ammasso roccioso, ribaltamenti, scivolamenti planari o rotazionali e scivolamenti di cunei.
Il moto ondoso rappresenta la principale causa di dissesto delle pareti rocciose e insieme con le correnti marine e maree, costituisce il più importante agente morfogenetico delle coste alte, insieme al weathering e ai processi erosivi molto attivi sulle facies calcarenitiche. I fattori che controllano i processi morfodinamici costieri sono rappresentati da fenomeni di_ 1) lungo e medio termine_ variazioni relative del livello marino, eustatismo, tettonica, effetti locali; 2) i processi continui sono le azioni di deposizione/erosione del moto ondoso, correnti, maree, trasporto dei sedimenti lungo costa; 3) di breve termine_ eventi parossistici e/o improvvisi dovuti a grandi mareggiate, tsunami, alluvioni, crolli istantanei. Non ultima vi è l'azione antropica, lenta ma continua.
Ai fini della valutazione della pericolosità è di primaria importanza il monitoraggio dell'evoluzione di alcune situazioni particolarmente critiche anche per la definizione di possibili interventi di mitigazione.
Dari, Jacopo; Brocca, Luca; Quintana-Seguí, Pere; Escorihuela, María José; Stefan, Vivien; Morbidelli, Renato, 2020, Exploiting high-resolution remote sensing soil moisture to estimate irrigation water amounts over a Mediterranean region,
Remote sensing (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/RS12162593,
DOI: 10.3390%2FRS12162593
Abstract
Despite irrigation being one of the main sources of anthropogenic water consumption, detailed information about ...
Despite irrigation being one of the main sources of anthropogenic water consumption, detailed information about water amounts destined for this purpose are often lacking worldwide. In this study, a methodology which can be used to estimate irrigation amounts over a pilot area in Spain by exploiting remotely sensed soil moisture is proposed. Two high-resolution DISPATCH (DISaggregation based on Physical And Theoretical scale CHange) downscaled soil moisture products have been used_ SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) at 1 km. The irrigation estimates have been obtained through the SM2RAIN algorithm, in which the evapotranspiration term has been improved to adequately reproduce the crop evapotranspiration over irrigated areas according to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) model. The experiment exploiting the SMAP data at 1 km represents the main work analyzed in this study and covered the period from January 2016 to September 2017. The experiment with the SMOS data at 1 km, for which a longer time series is available, allowed the irrigation estimates to be extended back to 2011. For both of the experiments carried out, the proposed method performed well in reproducing the magnitudes of the irrigation amounts that actually occurred in four of the five pilot irrigation districts. The SMAP experiment, for which a more detailed analysis was performed, also provided satisfactory results in representing the spatial distribution and the timing of the irrigation events. In addition, the investigation into which term of the SM2RAIN algorithm plays the leading role in determining the amount of water entering into the soil highlights the importance of correct representation of the evapotranspiration process.
Brocca, Luca; Massari, Christian; Pellarin, Thierry; Filippucci, Paolo; Ciabatta, Luca; Camici, Stefania; Kerr, Yann H.; Fernandez-Prieto, Diego, 2020, River flow prediction in data scarce regions_ soil moisture integrated satellite rainfall products outperform rain gauge observations in West Africa,
Scientific reports (Nature Publishing Group) 10 (2020). doi_10.1038/s41598-020-69343-x,
DOI: 10.1038%2Fs41598-020-69343-x
Abstract
Satellite precipitation products have been largely improved in the recent years particularly with the launch ...
Satellite precipitation products have been largely improved in the recent years particularly with the launch of the global precipitation measurement (GPM) core satellite. Moreover, the development of techniques for exploiting the information provided by satellite soil moisture to complement/enhance precipitation products have improved the accuracy of accumulated rainfall estimates over land. Such satellite enhanced precipitation products, available with a short latency (<1 day), represent an important and new source of information for river flow prediction and water resources management, particularly in developing countries in which ground observations are scarcely available and the access to such data is not always ensured. In this study, three recently developed rainfall products obtained from the integration of GPM rainfall and satellite soil moisture products have been used; namely GPM+SM2RAIN, PRISM-SMOS, and PRISM-SMAP. The prediction of observed daily river discharge at 10 basins located in Europe (4), West Africa (3) and South Africa (3) is carried out. For comparison, we have also considered three rainfall products based on_ (1) GPM only, i.e., the Early Run version of the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (GPM-ER), (2) rain gauges, i.e., the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, and (3) the latest European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis, ERA5. Three different conceptual and lumped rainfall-runoff models are employed to obtain robust and reliable results over the 3-year data period 2015-2017. Results indicate that, particularly over scarcely gauged areas (West Africa), the integrated products outperform both ground- and reanalysis-based rainfall estimates. For all basins, the GPM+SM2RAIN product is performing the best among the short latency products with mean Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) equal to 0.87, and significantly better than GPM-ER (mean KGE=0.77). The integrated products are found to reproduce particularly well the high flows. These results highlight the strong need to disseminate such integrated satellite rainfall products for hydrological (and agricultural) applications in poorly gauged areas such as Africa and South America.
Giulia Margaritelli a, Fabrizio Lirer b, Katrin Schroeder c, Alberico Ines b, Maria Paola Dentici d, Antonio Caruso d, 2020, Globorotalia truncatulinoides in Central – Western Mediterranean Sea during the Little Ice Age,
Marine micropaleontology (Print) (2020). doi_10.1016/j.marmicro.2020.101921,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.marmicro.2020.101921
Abstract
Globorotalia truncatulinoides oscillations have been recorded from different marine sediment cores collected in the central ...
Globorotalia truncatulinoides oscillations have been recorded from different marine sediment cores collected in the central and western Mediterranean Sea. The abundances of this species over the last 500 yrs. demonstrates its potential value as bio-indicator of particular oceanographic condition during the Maunder Minimum (MM) event of the Little Ice Age (LIA). The comparison between the G. truncatulinoides abundance patterns of the Balearic Basin, central and south Tyrrhenian Sea and central and eastern Sicily Channel allows to highlight a similar response of this species during the MM event in the central-western Mediterranean Sea. The ecological meanings of this species and its peculiar high abundance percentages in the total assemblages suggest the development of enhanced vertical mixing conditions during MM winter season with a strong advection of nutrients from the nutrient-rich deeper layers and enhances the productivity levels in the mixed layer. The intensified vertical mixing could be linked to persistence of an atmospheric blocking event recorded by several authors during the MM.
Brenna A.; Surian N.; Ghinassi M.; Marchi L., 2020, Sediment-water flows in mountain streams_ Recognition and classification based on field evidence,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 371 (2020): 1–18. doi_10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107413,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2020.107413
Abstract
Sediment transport in mountain streams occurs through different flow types that are categorized in accordance ...
Sediment transport in mountain streams occurs through different flow types that are categorized in accordance with hydraulics and physical properties of a flowing material, and considering the dominant transport mechanism as debris flow, debris flood, hyperconcentrated flow, and water flow. Given that directly monitoring transport processes is often infeasible, a sound alternative to process recognition is to consider the morphological and sedimentological features of related deposits--attributes that chiefly depend on flow type. Accordingly, this work developed a post-flood survey protocol for distinguishing various flow types on the basis of the geomorphological and sedimentological features of deposits and their effects on vegetation. The case study selected for developing and applying the protocol is the Tegnas catchment (Dolomites, Italy), a mountain basin affected by an intense storm in October 2018. We conducted a literature review to identify diagnostic evidence for identifying different flow types and developed a survey form to ease data collection and interpretation. Field surveys were integrated with grain size analyses, measurements of the inclination angle (?) of imbricated clasts, and estimations of organic content (OM) in deposits. Field criteria allowed us to classify each channel sub-reach in accordance with the characteristics of flood deposits. The main stem of the catchment and its steep tributaries were characterized mainly by water and debris flow processes, respectively. Nevertheless, our survey also showed that debris floods occurred in several sub-reaches of the main stem and tributaries. The comparison of ? and OM under different flow type deposits uncovered significant differences in ? and slight differences in OM. The findings led us to conclude that a combination of field diagnostic criteria and quantitative measurements of additional parameters in a post-flood survey enables a reliable recognition of flow types.
1)Mauro Rossi, 2)Roberto Sarro, 1)Paola Reichenbach, 3)Rosa María Mateos, 2020, Probabilistic identification of rockfall source areas at regional scale in El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain),
Geomorphology (Amst.) (2020).,
Abstract
Modelling rockfall phenomena is complex and requires various input including an accurate location of the ...
Modelling rockfall phenomena is complex and requires various input including an accurate location of the source areas. Source areas are controlled by geomorphological, geological or other geo-environmental factors and may largely influence the results of the modelling. In the Canary Islands, rockfalls are very common and they pose a major threat to society, costing lives, disrupting infrastructures and destroying livelihoods. In 2011, the volcanic event in the island of El Hierro, triggered numerous rockfalls that affected strategic infrastructures with a major impact on the local population. During the emergency, the efforts performed to map source areas and to model the rockfalls in the very steep landscape characterizing the island, was not trivial. To better identify the rockfall source areas, we propose a probabilistic modelling framework, which applies a combination of multiple statistical models using the source area locations mapped in the field as dependent variable and a set of thematic information as independent variables. The models use as input morphometric parameters derived from the Digital Elevation Model and lithological information as an expression of the mechanical behaviour of the rocks. The analysis of different training and validation scenarios allowed_ to test the model sensitivity to input data; to select the optimal model training configuration and to evaluate the model applicability outside the training areas. The final map obtained from the modelling, provides for the entire island of El Hierro, the probability of a given location being a potential source area and can be used as input for rockfall runout simulation modelling.
Legleiter C.J.; Pavelsky T.; Durand M.; Allen G.H.; Tarpanelli A.; Frasson R.; Guneralp I.; Woodget A., 2020, Editorial for the special issue “remote sensing of flow velocity, channel bathymetry, and river discharge”,
Remote sensing (Basel) 12 (2020): 2304–2310. doi_10.3390/rs12142304,
DOI: 10.3390%2Frs12142304
Polemio M., Zuffianò L.E., 2020, Review of Utilization Management of Groundwater at Risk of Salinization,
Journal of water resources planning and management 146 (2020): 1–20. doi_10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943- 5452.0001278,
DOI: 10.1061%2F(ASCE)WR.1943- 5452.0001278
Abstract
Groundwater salinization caused by natural and anthropogenic processes can increase the salinity above the concentrations ...
Groundwater salinization caused by natural and anthropogenic processes can increase the salinity above the concentrations recommended for specific uses or environments. Approximately 16% of the total land area on Earth suffers from groundwater salinization, potentially creating significant social, economic, and environmental problems. Global bibliographical research focusing on studies related to the utilization and management of salinization-threatened groundwater was conducted. A database of 520 papers from 85 countries was compiled and discussed. The main salinization sources were identified, and seawater intrusion is the primary studied phenomenon. This paper classifies different state-of-the-art approaches for protecting groundwater resources from salinization. Practical scientific solutions, from technical and engineering solutions to rules or regulatory instruments, are discussed from a global perspective. As salinization risk becomes a relevant problem, more complex initiatives should be applied to meet water demands while minimizing disadvantages. From the lowest to the highest complexity, three approaches were defined_ the engineering approach, the discharge management approach, and the water and land management approach. The discussion presents directions for future research opportunities.
Carmela Vennari, Domenico Casarano, Ivan Marchesini, Paola Salvati, Mario Parise, Piernicola Lollino, 2020, LAND-deFeND 1.1 un geodatabase di eventi geo-idrologici per attività di Protezione Civile nella Regione Puglia,
Analisi e attività di mitigazione dei processi geo-idrologici in Italia, pp. 156–160, Roma, 29 novembbre 2019,
Abstract
Building a geo-database on geo-
hydrological phenomena (landslides,
floods, sinkholes) represents the basic
activity for the complex elaborations
aimed ...
Building a geo-database on geo-
hydrological phenomena (landslides,
floods, sinkholes) represents the basic
activity for the complex elaborations
aimed at the spatial and temporal pre-
diction of future events and their pos-
sible consequences. The collection and
organization of data, together with the
management of the database structure,
is of extreme importance for the practi-
cal technical use of the catalogue. A new
database structure, LAND-deFeND 1.1,
designed and developed by CNR-IRPI
is here presented. It is a database struc-
ture that allows to record, organize and
manage non-homogeneous information
on geo-hydrological events (landslides,
floods, sinkholes) occurred in the past,
able to overcome many of the limitations
highlighted in the databases for Italy.
The database has been implemented in
the framework of a project involving Civil
Protection Department of Apulia region,
in order to collect available information
on geo-hydrological events occurred in
Apulia after 1992. The structure of the
database is then presented, illustrating the
methodology used to collect information
and record data in the database. The col-
lected data are presented, with particular
attention to a complex event, in order to
highlight the potential of the structure.
Giuseppe Esposito, Rocco Masi, Giovanni Nanni, Filiberto Russo, Stefano Alfano, Gaetano Giannatiempo, 2020, Analisi di una sequenza di eventi alluvionali post-incendio nell’area del Monte Salto, Montoro (Avellino),
Geologia dell'ambiente 1/2020 (2020): 184–189.,
Abstract
Nel presente lavoro viene analizzata una sequenza di quattro eventi alluvionali post-incendio avvenuti nel 2017 ...
Nel presente lavoro viene analizzata una sequenza di quattro eventi alluvionali post-incendio avvenuti nel 2017 nell'area del Monte Salto (Montoro - AV). I dati presentati hanno lo scopo di fornire una prima descrizione degli eventi, e cercare di mettere in evidenza le potenziali relazioni tra incendi e fenomeni geo-idrologici. Nello specifico, viene presentata una caratterizzazione della severità degli incendi realizzata mediante prodotti satellitari; vengono caratterizzate le precipitazioni che hanno innescato i fenomeni di colata fangoso-detritica; viene fornita una generale descrizione degli effetti registrati nelle aree abitate della zona pedemontana. Nella parte finale viene presentata una discussione dei risultati in chiave di pericolosità, e vengono proposti alcuni suggerimenti per la riduzione del rischio.
Esposito, Giuseppe; Matano, Fabio; Sacchi, Marco; Salvini, Riccardo, 2020, Mechanisms and frequency-size statistics of failures characterizing a coastal cliff partially protected from the wave erosive action,
Rendiconti lincei. Scienze fisiche e naturali 31 (2020). doi_10.1007/s12210-020-00902-0,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs12210-020-00902-0
Abstract
Landslides and surface erosion are major processes controlling the progressive recession of many rocky cliffs ...
Landslides and surface erosion are major processes controlling the progressive recession of many rocky cliffs along the Italian coastline. Nevertheless, many coastal settlements were built along cliffed sectors prone to rapid collapses. This represents a serious risk for tourists and living people, as well as for buildings, roads and railway networks. The densely urbanized coastline of the Campi Flegrei active volcanic district is one of the rocky coastal areas of South Italy mostly exposed to the recession. Here, coastal cliffs are made by volcaniclastic deposits and include remnants of ancient volcanic edifices formed in the last 15 ka. Due to petrographic, geotechnical and geostructural properties of volcaniclastic deposits, these cliffs have been affected by rapid recession since their origin. This research focuses on a cliff of the Campi Flegrei coastaline (Torrefumo, Monte di Procida) which, although currently protected from the sea waves by a seawall, is still retreating. We assessed the ongoing recession using a change detection analysis, based on accurate topographic data acquired with two terrestrial laser scanning surveys executed in 2013 and 2016. The quantitative comparison of 3D point clouds datasets allowed detecting 191 cliff failures. We verified that the frequency-magnitude distribution of the detached blocks followed an inverse power law, and most of the involved volumes were between 0.01 and 1 m(3). Retreat rates of different cliff sectors varied from 0.001 to 0.025 m/year. Our analysis also allowed us to recognize slope failure mechanisms and distinguish rock falls from grain-by-grain surficial erosion.
Mauro Rossi, Fausto Guzzetti, Paola Salvati, Marco Donnini, Elisabetta Napolitano, and Cinzia Bianchi, 2020, Modelling societal landslide risk in Italy,
Geophisycal Research Abstract EGU General Assembly (2020). doi_10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13661,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fegusphere-egu2020-13661
Abstract
Landslides cause every year worldwide severe damages to the population. A quantitative knowledge of the ...
Landslides cause every year worldwide severe damages to the population. A quantitative knowledge of the impact of landsliding phenomena on the society is fundamental for a proper and accurate assessment of the risk posed by such natural hazards. In this work, a novel approach is proposed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of societal landslide risk from historical, sparse, point information on fatal landslides and their direct human consequence.s (Rossi et al., Accepted). The approach was tested in Italy, using a detailed catalogue listing 5571 fatalities caused by 1017 landslides at 958 sites across Italy, in the 155-year period 1861 - 2015. The model adopting a Zipf distribution to evaluate societal landslide risk for the whole of Italy, and for seven physiographic and 20 administrative subdivisions of Italy. The model is able to provide estimates of the frequency (and the probability) of fatal landslides, based on the parameters, namely (i) the largest magnitude landslide F, (ii) the number of fatal events E, and (iii) the scaling exponent of the Zipf distribution s, which controls the relative proportion of low vs. large magnitude landslides. Different grid spacings, g and circular kernel sizes, r were tested finally adopting g = 10 km and r = 55 km. Using such geometrical model configuration, the values of the F, E and s parameters were derived for each grid cells revealing the complexity of landslide risk in Italy, which cannot be described properly with a single set of such parameters. Based on such modeling configuration. This model configuration allowed to estimate different risk scenarios for landslides of increasing magnitudes, which were validated checking the anticipated return period of the fatal events against information on 130 fatal landslides between 1000 and 1860, and eleven fatal landslides between January 2016 and August 2018. Despite incompleteness in the old part of the record for the low magnitude landslides, and the short length and limited number of events in the recent period 2016 - 2018, the anticipated return periods are in good agreement with the occurrence of fatal landslides in both validation periods. Despite the known difficulty in modelling sparse datasets, the proposed approach was able to provide a coherent and realistic representation and new insight on the spatial and temporal variations of societal landslide risk in Italy.
Mauro Rossi (1), Roberto Sarro (2), Paola Reichenbach (1), Rosa Maria Mateos (2), 2020, Probabilistic identification of rockfall source areas_ an example from El Hierro island (Canary Island, Spain),
Geophisycal Research Abstract EGU General Assembly (2020). doi_10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10469,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fegusphere-egu2020-10469
Abstract
Rockfalls are the most frequent and dangerous instability phenomena in mountainous areas, causing high economic ...
Rockfalls are the most frequent and dangerous instability phenomena in mountainous areas, causing high economic and social damages. Rockfalls are triggered by complex instability mechanisms and the source areas are controlled by environmental factors like geology, the presence of discontinuities and slope angle. Modeling rockfall phenomena is complex and requires diversified input including parameters controlling the boulders trajectories and the source areas identification.
In the Canary Islands, the steep topography and the geological complexity influence the activation of slope dynamics and the occurrence of slope failures. In particular, rockfalls are very common and they represent a major threat to society, costing lives, disrupting infrastructures and destroying livelihoods. In 2011 the volcanic crisis in El Hierro Island triggered numerous rockfalls that affected the road network causing a great social alarm.
After the recent event, we have attempted to identify rockfall source areas using different approaches including probabilistic modeling. The probabilistic approach applies a combination of multiple statistical models and requires a map of the observed source areas as dependent variable and a set of thematic information as independent variables (e.g., morphometric parameters derived from DTM, lithological information that considers the mechanical behavior of the rocks). For the purpose, we have identified various scenarios selecting different training and validation zones and evaluating for each scenario the associated errors. The maps resulting from the models, provide for the whole El Hierro Island, the probability of a pixel being a source area and can be used as input for the rockfall modeling.
Mario Parise, Luca Benedetto, Michele Chieco, Antonello Fiore,
Mina Lacarbonara, Isabella Serena Liso, Costantino Masciopinto,
Luca Pisano, Antonietta Riccio, and Michele Vurro, 2020, First Outcomes of a Project Dedicated to Monitoring Groundwater Resources in Apulia, Southern Italy,
Eurokarst 2018, Besançon Advances in the Hydrogeology of Karst and Carbonate Reservoirs, pp. 243–249, Besançon (Francia), 2-4/7/2018,
Abstract
The deepest cave in Apulia, an almost entirely karst
region in southeastern Italy, has recently been ...
The deepest cave in Apulia, an almost entirely karst
region in southeastern Italy, has recently been the object
of a project aimed at evaluating the quality and quantity
of the groundwater resources. The cave system, located in
one of the most remarkable karst landforms in the region
(Canale di Pirro polje), reaches the water table at a depth
of -264 m. Diving explorations brought the total depth of
the cave down to -324 m. This contribution illustrates the
preliminary activities carried out during the project, with
a particular focus on geology, morphology and structural
geology of the cave system and surrounding areas,
together with hydrogeological research and chemical
analyses of the groundwater.
Cavalli M., Crema S., Marchi L., 2020, Structural sediment connectivity assessment through a geomorphometric approach review of recent applications,
Geomorphometry 2020, pp. 212–215, Perugia (Italy), 22-26/06/2020 (rinviata al 2021),
Abstract
Sediment connectivity, defined as the degree to which a system facilitates the transfer of water ...
Sediment connectivity, defined as the degree to which a system facilitates the transfer of water and sediment through itself
by means of coupling relationships between its components, has become a key issue in sediment transfer processes analysis and one
of the building blocks of modern geomorphology. The growing availability of high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs)
offers new opportunities for the characterization of sediment connectivity spatial patterns. An index of sediment connectivity,
based on DEM derivatives as drainage area, slope, flow length and surface roughness, has been recently developed along with related
freeware software tool (SedInConnect). The index aims at depicting spatial connectivity patterns at the catchment scale to support the
assessment of the contribution of a given part of the catchment as sediment source and define sediment transfer paths. The increasing
interest in the quantitative characterization of the linkages between landscape units and the straightforward applicability of this index
led to numerous applications in different contexts. Such works demonstrate that, when carefully applied considering the intrinsic
limitations of the geomorphometric approach, the index can rapidly provide a spatial characterization of sediment dynamics, thus
improving the understanding geomorphic system behavior and, consequently, hazard and risk assessment. This work presents and
discusses the main applications of this sediment connectivity index.
Bollati I. M., Cavalli M.,, 2020, Geomorphic systems, sediment connectivity and geomorphodiversity_ relations within a small mountain catchment in the Lepontine Alps,
Geomorphometry 2020, pp. 50–54, Perugia (Italy), 22-26/06/2020 (rinviata al 2021),
Abstract
Mountain regions are characterized by a spatial geomorphic heterogeneity that confers to the environment a ...
Mountain regions are characterized by a spatial geomorphic heterogeneity that confers to the environment a significant geomorphodiversity, functioning as a substrate for biodiversity. It is hence important to understand the geomorphic dynamics and its
evolution in space and time. A different spatial scale approach was developed to evaluate the relationship existing among
geomorphological processes, sediment connectivity and geomorphodiversity. The study areas are the Veglia-Devero Natural
Park (Lepontine Alps) and a small mountain catchment (Buscagna the natural park scale, a preliminary geomorphological map was
realized and then the index of Geomorphodiversity was computed highlighting the differentiation between the two sides of the
Buscagna glacial valley. In the Buscagna catchment where also the index of Connectivity was calculated, the integrated analysis of the
two indices allowed to identifying different geomorpho-connectivity sectors, testifying the role of geomorphic processes in regulating
sediment fluxes and, consequently, controlling landscape units.
Donnini M.; Modica M.; Salvati P.; Marchesini I.; Rossi M.; Guzzetti F.; Zoboli R., 2020, Economic landslide susceptibility under a socio-economic perspective_ an application to Umbria Region (Central Italy),
Jahrbuch für Regionalwissenschaft (2020). doi_10.1007/s10037-020-00143-6,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10037-020-00143-6
Abstract
An accurate understanding of physical and socio-economic effects of landslides is fundamental to develop more ...
An accurate understanding of physical and socio-economic effects of landslides is fundamental to develop more refined risk management, mitigation strategies and land use policies. In this paper we develop a measure to consider the interconnection between physical and economic exposure, i.e. what we call the economic landslide susceptibility, namely the probability of landslide occurrence in an area weighted for its socio-economic exposure considering the real-estate market values. The economic landslide susceptibility is estimated through a method designed for large areas that we applied to the Umbria Region (Central Italy). The method makes use of landslide susceptibility maps and a real estate market value map for any given area under analysis. The innovative concept of economic landslide susceptibility (that is de facto an ex ante landslide cost assessment) may be interpreted as the potential loss that an area might suffer in terms of its propensity for landslides. Useful applications of the proposed method lie in a better territorial management and in the land use planning.
Giordan D.; Adams M.S.; Aicardi I.; Alicandro M.; Allasia P.; Baldo M.; De Berardinis P.; Dominici D.; Godone D.; Hobbs P.; Lechner V.; Niedzielski T.; Piras M.; Rotilio M.; Salvini R.; Segor V.; Sotier B.; Troilo F., 2020, The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for engineering geology applications,
Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment (Print) (2020). doi_10.1007/s10064-020-01766-2,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10064-020-01766-2
Abstract
This paper represents the result of the IAEG C35 Commission "Monitoring methods and approaches in ...
This paper represents the result of the IAEG C35 Commission "Monitoring methods and approaches in engineering geology applications" workgroup aimed to describe a general overview of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and their potentiality in several engineering geology applications. The use of UAV has progressively increased in the last decade and nowadays started to be considered a standard research instrument for the acquisition of images and other information on demand over an area of interest. UAV represents a cheap and fast solution for the on-demand acquisition of detailed images of an area of interest and the creation of detailed 3D models and orthophoto. The use of these systems required a good background of data processing and a good drone pilot ability for the management of the flight mission in particular in a complex environment.
Giordan D.; Dematteis N.; Allasia P.; Motta E., 2020, Classification and kinematics of the Planpincieux Glacier break-offs using photographic time-lapse analysis,
Journal of Glaciology 66 (2020): 188–202. doi_10.1017/jog.2019.99,
DOI: 10.1017%2Fjog.2019.99
Abstract
Abstract Herein, we present results obtained from time-lapse imagery acquired by a digital single-lens reflex ...
Abstract Herein, we present results obtained from time-lapse imagery acquired by a digital single-lens reflex camera during 2014-18 used to monitor the Planpincieux Glacier on the Italian side of the Grandes Jorasses (Mont Blanc massif). We processed the images using image cross-correlation to measure the surface kinematics of the most active lobe of the glacier that presents a high velocity and frequent ice detachments. During the monitoring, we observed two or three periods of sharp acceleration per year that culminated with large break-offs followed by analogous decelerations. Overall, we registered more than 350 failures with a volume >100 m, of which, 14 events had volumes larger than 10 000 m. The study identified a monotonic positive relationship between the velocity and failure volume that may be used to estimate the volume of the collapses before an event. We identified the thresholds of velocity and acceleration that characterise the activation of the speed-up periods. The study allowed the characterisation of three different instability processes that lead to the break-off of ice chunks from the glacier terminus_ (i) disaggregation, (ii) slab fracture and (iii) water tunnelling failure which can be differentiated based on the rheology, the volume involved and the trigger process.
Menegoni, Niccolo; Giordan, Daniele; Perotti, Cesare, 2020, Reliability and Uncertainties of the Analysis of an Unstable Rock Slope Performed on RPAS Digital Outcrop Models_ The Case of the Gallivaggio Landslide (Western Alps, Italy),
Remote sensing (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/rs12101635,
DOI: 10.3390%2Frs12101635
Abstract
A stability investigation based on Digital Outcrop Models (DOMs) acquired in emergency conditions by photogrammetric ...
A stability investigation based on Digital Outcrop Models (DOMs) acquired in emergency conditions by photogrammetric surveys based on Remote Piloted Aerial System (RPAS) was conducted on an unstable rock slope near Gallivaggio (Western Alps, Italy). The predicted mechanism of failure and volume of the unstable portion of the slope were successively verified on the DOMs acquired after the rockfall that effectively collapsed the May 29th, 2018. The comparison of the pre- and post-landslide 3D models shows that the estimated mode of failure was substantially correct. At the same time, the predicted volume of rock involved in the landslide was overestimated by around 10%. To verify if this error was due to the limited accuracy of the models georeferenced in emergency considering only the Global Navigation Satellite System/Inertial Measurement Unit (GNSS/IMU)-information of RPAS, several Ground Control Points (GCPs) were acquired after the failure. The analyses indicate that the instrumental error in the volume calculation due to the direct-georeferencing method is only of the 1.7%. In contrast, the significant part is due to the geological uncertainty in the reconstruction of the real irregular geometry of the invisible part of the failure surface. The results, however, confirm the satisfying relative accuracy of the direct-georeferenced DOMs, compatible with most geological and geoengineering purposes.
Paola Salvati, Ivan Marchesini, Carmela Vennari, Marco Donnini, Cinzia Bianchi, Alessandro Sarretta, and Domenico Casarano, 2020, An approach to organize loss data related to geo-hydrological hazards,
EGU General Assembly 2020, online, 4-8 May 2020,
Abstract
Most commonly, geo-hydrological hazards (i.e., landslide, flood, sinkhole) occur in response to a single trigger ...
Most commonly, geo-hydrological hazards (i.e., landslide, flood, sinkhole) occur in response to a single trigger like an intense rainfall event, a prolonged rainfall period, a rapid snowmelt event, an earthquake. Multiple damaging processes (phenomena) occurring in response to a single trigger can cause a cumulative socio-economic impact, which is often difficult to quantify and to attribute to each single damaging processes (landslide, or a group of landslides, or a single inundation). As a consequence, after a geo-hydrological disaster occurs, media, insurance companies and international institutions publish numerous assessments of the cost of the disaster based on different methodologies and approaches, often reaching different results. At European level, EC Directives related to natural hazards prove standards for the collection of data focusing their attention mainly on codifying the processes, their attributes and their spatial extent, leaving out the important issue of rigorously classifying the damaged elements and the loss data. Lack of standards contributes negatively to the paucity of damage information and cost data, fundamental for the successive ex-post analysis aimed at quantitatively risk evaluation. In Italy, despite the frequency of the significant socio-economic impacts due to geo-hydrological hazards, few attempts have been made to estimate the economic cost of geo-hydrological hazards. These loss estimations are mainly based on cost components of the public budget for post-event restorations and reimbursements, hampering the possibility to distinguish between the private and public sector losses. The loss estimates do not distinguish the costs (i) by type of processes (landslides, flash floods, floods and other damaging events) responsible for the damage, and (ii) by expenditure items (restoration actions or mitigation activities). LAND-deFeND, a recently developed database structure, represents an effort to manage all the issues that can arise when storing, organizing and analysing information on losses related to geo-hydrological hazards with different levels of accuracy and at different geographical scales, from the national to the local scale.
Massimo Melillo, Stefano Luigi Gariano, Silvia Peruccacci, Roberto Sarro, Rosa Marìa Mateos, and
Maria Teresa Brunetti, 2020, Rainfall and rockfalls in the Canary Islands_ assessing a seasonal link,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Online) 20 (2020): 2307–2317. doi_10.5194/nhess-20-2307-2020,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fnhess-20-2307-2020
Abstract
Rockfalls are frequent and harmful phenomena occurring in mountain ranges, coastal cliffs, and slope cuts. ...
Rockfalls are frequent and harmful phenomena occurring in mountain ranges, coastal cliffs, and slope cuts. Although several natural processes occur in their formation and triggering, rainfall is one of the most common causes. The prediction of rock failures is of social significance for civil protection purposes and can rely on the statistical analysis of past rainfall conditions that caused the failures. The paper describes the analysis of information on rainfall-induced rockfalls in Gran Canaria and Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). An analysis of the monthly rainfall versus the monthly distribution of rockfalls reveals that they are correlated for most of the year, except in summer, when other triggers act to induce collapses. National and regional catalogs with hourly and daily rainfall measurements are used to reconstruct the cumulated amount (E) and the duration (D) of the rainfall responsible for the rock failures. Adopting a consolidated statistical approach, new ED rainfall thresholds for possible rockfall occurrence and the associated uncertainties are calculated for the two test sites. As far as is known, this is the first attempt to predict this type of failure using the threshold approach. Using the rainfall information, a map of the mean annual rainfall is obtained for Gran Canaria and Tenerife, and it is used to assess the differences between the thresholds. The results of this study are expected to improve the ability to forecast rockfalls in the Canary Islands in view of implementing an early-warning system to mitigate the rockfall hazard and reduce the associated risk.
Noviello, Carlo; Verde, Simona; Zamparelli, Virginia; Fornaro, Gianfranco; Pauciullo, Antonio; Reale, Diego; Nicodemo, Gianfranco; Ferlisi, Settimio; Gulla, Giovanni; Peduto, Dario, 2020, Monitoring Buildings at Landslide Risk With SAR_ A Methodology Based on the Use of Multipass Interferometric Data,
Geoscience and Remote Sensing Magazine, IEEE 8 (2020): 91–119. doi_10.1109/MGRS.2019.2963140,
DOI: 10.1109%2FMGRS.2019.2963140
Abstract
Interferometric methods are drivers of the recent exponential growth in the use of synthetic aperture ...
Interferometric methods are drivers of the recent exponential growth in the use of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for monitoring both natural and anthropogenic hazards. Since the first use of interferometric SAR (InSAR) in the late 1990s to detect deformations associated with earthquakes and volcanoes, important developments have improved sensor performance and data-processing capabilities for the extraction of information of interest in geophysical applications. Here, we describe the improvements that have enabled the 3D reconstruction and monitoring of buildings, with reference to their protection against and prevention of risks. We focus on buildings affected by systematic displacements related to natural hazards-specifically, landslides. We address the straightforward use of InSAR methods in the detection and characterization of the hazard as well as in higher-level exploitation for geotechnical and structural studies and, more generally, vulnerability analysis.
Donnini Marco (1), Pisano Luca (1), Esposito Giuseppe (1), Reichenbach Paola (1), Petrucci Olga (1), Lollino Pierinicola (1), Franciosi Chiara (2), Giambelli Marta (2), 2020, PON Governance – A11_DT4-Set di indicatori individuati comprendenti anche quelli costruiti ad hoc.,
2020,
Abstract
Nel documento sono proposti e descritti indicatori e indici territoriali e sono riportati i ...
Nel documento sono proposti e descritti indicatori e indici territoriali e sono riportati i loro valori nei Contesti Territoriali (CT) e/o Centri Unificati Operativi per l'Emergenza (CUORE) per le regioni del progetto PON(Campania, Calabria, Puglia, Basilicata e Sicilia).
Pisano Luca, Lollino Piernicola, Donnini Marco, Esposito Giuseppe, Petrucci Olga, Reichenbach Paola, 2020, PON Governance – A11_DT6-Analisi delle relazioni con altri sistemi di indicatori e in particolare a quelli ambientali, economici, BES o altri ritenuti utili allo scopo,
2020,
Abstract
Il documento presenta un'analisi bibliografica dei principali indicatori/indici per la caratterizzazione del territorio e delle ...
Il documento presenta un'analisi bibliografica dei principali indicatori/indici per la caratterizzazione del territorio e delle loro relazioni con altri sistemi di indicatori.
Esposito Giuseppe, Petrucci Olga, Pisano Luca, Donnini Marco, Lollino Piernicola, Reichenbach Paola, 2020, PON Governance – A11_DT5 Analisi di fattibilità di tali indicatori,
2020,
Abstract
Il documento descrive i risultati scaturiti dalle analisi di fattibilità dei dati utilizzati per la ...
Il documento descrive i risultati scaturiti dalle analisi di fattibilità dei dati utilizzati per la costruzione del set di indicatori individuati comprendenti anche quelli costruiti ad hoc
Esposito Giuseppe, Petrucci Olga, Pisano Luca, Donnini Marco, Lollino Piernicola, Reichenbach Paola, 2020, PON Governance – A11_DT3 Censimento delle forme di aggregazione territoriale all’interno delle Regioni e la verifica delle loro relazioni con le suddette unità territoriali,
2020,
Abstract
Il documento descrive il rapporto tra le forme di aggregazione territoriale all'interno delle Regioni (limiti ...
Il documento descrive il rapporto tra le forme di aggregazione territoriale all'interno delle Regioni (limiti comunali, provinciali e zone di allerta) e la verifica delle loro relazioni con i contesti territoriali
Donnini Marco, Pisano Luca, Esposito Giuseppe, Petrucci Olga, Lollino Piernicola, Reichenbach Paola, 2020, PON Governance – A11_DT2-Report di analisi della coerenza di tali unità territoriali con le aree afferenti ai centri operativi.,
2020,
Abstract
Il documento descrive le analisi della coerenza realizzate tra i contesti territoriali e le aree ...
Il documento descrive le analisi della coerenza realizzate tra i contesti territoriali e le aree afferenti ai centri operativi di protezione civile
Pisano Luca
Lollino Piernicola
Donnini Marco
Esposito Giuseppe
Petrucci Olga
Reichenbach Paola, 2020, PON Governance – A11_DT1-Report di analisi delle unità territoriali adottate nei differenti piani di gestione del rischio alluvione, in particolare in relazione alle Misure di Preparazione,
2020,
Abstract
Nel report sono riportate le analisi relative alle relazioni tra i Contesti Territoriali (CT) e ...
Nel report sono riportate le analisi relative alle relazioni tra i Contesti Territoriali (CT) e le varie unità territoriali adottate nei piani di gestione del rischio alluvione (PGRA).
O. Petrucci, P. Lollino, M. Donnini, G. Esposito, L. Pisano, P. Reichenbach, 2020, PON Governance – A11_LG1 -Linee guida relative alla caratterizzazione dei Contesti Territoriali,
2020,
Abstract
Il documento descrive in maniera sintetica la metodologia sviluppata nell'ambito del PON GOVERNANCE 2014-2020 "Riduzione ...
Il documento descrive in maniera sintetica la metodologia sviluppata nell'ambito del PON GOVERNANCE 2014-2020 "Riduzione del rischio sismico, vulcanico e idrogeologico ai fini di protezione civile" per la individuazione dei Contesti Territoriali (CT), ossia ambiti territoriali finalizzati ad una ottimizzazione della governance del territorio per le finalità di protezione civile
Ivan Marchesini, Mauro Rossi, 2020, CC-DPC 2018-2019 – WP3 Implementazione SANF 3.0 presso DPC,
19 Febbraio 2020, 2020,
Abstract
Il presente documento descrive le attività svolte nell'ambito del WP3 dell'accordo.
L'obiettivo del WP era l'implementazione ...
Il presente documento descrive le attività svolte nell'ambito del WP3 dell'accordo.
L'obiettivo del WP era l'implementazione di SANF 3.0 presso il DPC. Tali attività erano
state ridisegnate in seguito ai risultati del Task 3.1, che ha riguardato la pianificazione del
lavoro da svolgere in accordo con i tecnici del DPC.
Con rapporto del 31 maggio 2019 si comunicava che non era stato tuttavia possibile
giungere alla piena implementazione di SANF 3.0 a causa di problemi non dipendenti dalla
volontà di IRPI CNR.
Il presente rapporto descrive le attività effettuate dopo la scadenza dell'accordo a
conclusione di quanto originariamente previsto.
Ivan Marchesini, Federico Fugnoli, Cristiano Corradini, Augusto Benigni, 2020, ITALGAS – Rapporti di Prova riguardanti 100 siti d’indagine,
23 marzo 2020, 2020,
Abstract
Laboratorio CNR IRPI Perugia. Consegna Rapporti di Prova per accertamenti
sperimentali e valutazioni comparative utili per ...
Laboratorio CNR IRPI Perugia. Consegna Rapporti di Prova per accertamenti
sperimentali e valutazioni comparative utili per la verifica della conformità della
rete di distribuzione del gas in prescelte tratte/sezioni del territorio italiano. Rif.
contratto ITALGAS - CNR prot. CNR n. 0018528 del 17/ marzo 2016.
Ivan Marchesini, Mauro Rossi, Massimiliano Alvioli, Michele Santangelo and Mauro Cardinali, 2020, Slope-catchment area relationship for debris-flow source area identification,
Geomorphometry 2020, pp. 174–177, Perugia, postponed,
Abstract
Classification of the source areas of debris flow, mud
flows, debris avalanches is fundamental for the ...
Classification of the source areas of debris flow, mud
flows, debris avalanches is fundamental for the zonation of the
territory susceptibility to the propagation of these type of landslide
phenomena. Here we describe and discuss the data and the methods
adopted to derive empirical equations useful to identify and to
classify the possible source areas of fast moving landslides at regional
and national scale in Italy. The empirical equations were derived
based on a large catalogue of debris flows and the fitting of quantile
regression curves. We used a 10m resolution DEM and an inventory
of more than 4000 landslides distributed on three different Italian
regions. Results highlight that differences exist between the equation
parameters derived for confined and unconfined debris-flows.
Massimiliano Alvioli, Ivan Marchesini, Laura Melelli, Peter Guth, 2020, GEOMORPHOMETRY 2020,
2020,
Abstract
Geomorphometry is the science of quantitative land surface analysis. It gathers various mathematical, statistical and ...
Geomorphometry is the science of quantitative land surface analysis. It gathers various mathematical, statistical and image processing techniques to quantify morphological, hydrological, ecological and other aspects of a land surface. Common synonyms for geomorphometry are geomorphological analysis, terrain morphometry or terrain analysis and land surface analysis. The typical input to geomorphometric analysis is a square-grid representation of the land surface_ a digital elevation (or land surface) model.
The first Geomorphometry conference dates back to 2009 and it took place in Zürich, Switzerland. Subsequent events were in Redlands (California), Nánj?ng (China), Poznan (Poland) and Boulder (Colorado), at about two years intervals. The International Society for Geomorphometry (ISG) and the Organizing Committee scheduled the sixth Geomorphometry conference in Perugia, Italy, June 2020. Worldwide safety measures dictated the event could not be held in presence, and we excluded the possibility to hold the conference remotely. Thus, we postponed the event by one year - it will be organized in June 2021, in Perugia, hosted by the Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection of the Italian National Research Council (CNR IRPI) and the Department of Physics and Geology of the University of Perugia.
One of the reasons why we postponed the conference, instead of canceling, was the encouraging number of submitted abstracts. Abstracts are actually short papers consisting of four pages, including figures and references, and they were peer-reviewed by the Scientific Committee of the conference. This book is a collection of the contributions revised by the authors after peer review. We grouped them in seven classes, as follows_
o Data and methods (12 abstracts)
o Geoheritage (6 abstracts)
o Glacial processes (9 abstracts)
o LIDAR and high resolution data (6 abstracts)
o Morphotectonics (8 abstracts)
o Natural hazards (11 abstracts)
o Soil erosion and fluvial processes (17 abstracts)
The 69 abstracts represent 80% of the initial contributions. The remaining ones were either not accepted after peer review or withdrawn by their Authors. Most of the contributions contain original material, and an extended version of a subset of them will be included in a special issue of a regular journal publication.
Three keynote speakers were scheduled for the conference_ Marco Cavalli, Igor V. Florinsky and Michael Hutchinson. Prof. Hutchinson is the recipient of the ISG's Lifetime Achievement Award.
Marco Cavalli is researcher at CNR IRPI Padova since 2009. His research interests mainly focus on the development and application of geomorphometric approaches to LiDAR data and high-resolution Digital Terrain Models with specific attention to geomorphic processes and sediment dynamics in mountain catchments. His main works concerned the development of indices of surface roughness and sediment connectivity along with the use of DEM differencing techniques to assess geomorphic changes.
Igor V. Florinsky is a Principal Research Scientist at the Institute of Mathematical Problems of Biology, Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics at the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is the author or editor of over 150 publications including 4 books and 60 papers in peer-reviewed journals. His research interests include theory, methods, and applications of digital terrain modeling and geomorphometry, as well as the influence of geological environment on humans, society, and civilization.
Michael Hutchinson is recognized internationally for his contributions to the theory and practice of spatial and temporal analysis of environmental data. His methods for modelling of climate and terrain, as implemented in the ANUDEM, ANUSPLIN and ANUCLIM computer packages, are widely used to support hydrological and ecological modelling and the assessment of the impacts of climate change. His Australia-wide terrain and climate models have underpinned much of the natural resource and environmental analysis carried out by Australian Universities and Natural Resource Agencies over the last 30 years.
