Bordoni, M.; Vivaldi, V.; Lucchelli, L.; Ciabatta, L.; Brocca, L.; Galve, J. P.; Meisina, C., 2021, Development of a data-driven model for spatial and temporal shallow landslide probability of occurrence at catchment scale,
Landslides (Berl., Print) (2021). doi_10.1007/s10346-020-01592-3,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10346-020-01592-3
Abstract
A combined method was developed to forecast the spatial and the temporal probability of occurrence ...
A combined method was developed to forecast the spatial and the temporal probability of occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides over large areas. The method also allowed to estimate the dynamic change of this probability during a rainfall event. The model, developed through a data-driven approach basing on Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines technique, was based on a joint probability between the spatial probability of occurrence (susceptibility) and the temporal one. The former was estimated on the basis of geological, geomorphological, and hydrological predictors. The latter was assessed considering short-term cumulative rainfall, antecedent rainfall, soil hydrological conditions, expressed as soil saturation degree, and bedrock geology. The predictive capability of the methodology was tested for past triggering events of shallow landslides occurred in representative catchments of Oltrepò Pavese, in northern Italian Apennines. The method provided excellently to outstanding performance for both the really unstable hillslopes (area under ROC curve until 0.92, true positives until 98.8%, true negatives higher than 80%) and the identification of the triggering time (area under ROC curve of 0.98, true positives of 96.2%, true negatives of 94.6%). The developed methodology allowed us to obtain feasible results using satellite-based rainfall products and data acquired by field rain gauges. Advantages and weak points of the method, in comparison also with traditional approaches for the forecast of shallow landslides, were also provided.
J.Wasowski, M.J.McSaveney, L.Pisano, V. Del Gaudio, Y.Lib, W.Hub, 2021, Recurrent rock avalanches progressively dismantle a mountain ridge in Beichuan County, Sichuan, most recently in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 374 (2021). doi_10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107492,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2020.107492
Abstract
Large earthquake-triggered landslides, in particular rock avalanches, can have catastrophic consequences. However, without accelerometer records, ...
Large earthquake-triggered landslides, in particular rock avalanches, can have catastrophic consequences. However, without accelerometer records, the recognition of slopes prone to such failures remains difficult, because slope-specific seismic response depends on many factors including local topography, landforms, structure and internal geology. We address these issues by exploring the case of a rock avalanche of >3 million m3 triggered by the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Shan range, China. The failure, denominated Yangjia gully rock avalanche, occurred in Beichuan County (Sichuan Province), one of the areas that suffered the highest shaking intensity and death toll caused by co-seismic landsliding. Even though the Wenchuan earthquake produced tens of large (volume > 1 million m3) rock avalanches, many of which resulted in dangerous landslides, few studies so far have examined the pre-2008 history of the failed slope or reported on the stratigraphic record of mass-movement deposits exposed along local river courses. The presented case of the Yangjia gully rock avalanche shows the importance of such attempts as they provide information on the recurrence of large slope failures and their associated hazards. Our effort stems from recognition, on 2005 satellite imagery, of topography and morphology indicative of a large, apparently pre-historic slope failure and the associated breached landslide dam, both features closely resembling the forms generated in the catastrophic 2008 earthquake. The follow-up reconstruction recognizes an earlier landslide deposit exhumed from beneath the 2008 Yangjia gully rock avalanche by fluvial erosion since May 2008. We infer a seismic trigger also for the pre-2008 rock avalanche based on the following circumstantial evidence_ i) the same source area (valley-facing, terminal portion of a flat-topped, elongated mountain ridge) located within one and a half kilometer of the seismically active Beichuan fault; ii) significant directional amplification of ground vibration, sub-parallel to the failed slope direction, detected via ambient noise measurements on the ridge adjacent to the source area of the 2008 rock avalanche and iii) common depositional and textural features of the two landslide deposits. Then, we show how, through consideration of the broader geomorphic and seismo-tectonic contexts, one can gain insight into the spatial and temporal recurrence of catastrophic slope failures in Beichuan County and elsewhere in the Longmen Shan. This insight, combined with local-scale geologic and geomorphologic knowledge, may guide selection of suspect slopes for reconnaissance, wide-area ambient noise investigation aimed at discriminating their relative susceptibility to co-seismic catastrophic failures. We indicate the feasibility of such investigations through the example of this study, which uses 3-component velocimeters designed to register low amplitude ground vibration.
Titti G.; Bossi G.; Zhou G.G.D.; Marcato G.; Pasuto A., 2021, Backward automatic calibration for three-dimensional landslide models,
Geosciences Frontiers 12 (2021): 231–241. doi_10.1016/j.gsf.2020.03.011,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.gsf.2020.03.011
Abstract
Back-analysis is broadly used for approaching geotechnical problems when monitoring data are available and information ...
Back-analysis is broadly used for approaching geotechnical problems when monitoring data are available and information about the soils properties is of poor quality. For landslide stability assessment back-analysis calibration is usually carried out by time consuming trial-and-error procedure. This paper presents a new automatic Decision Support System that supports the selection of the soil parameters for three-dimensional models of landslides based on monitoring data. The method considering a pool of possible solutions, generated through permutation of soil parameters, selects the best ten configurations that are more congruent with the measured displacements. This reduces the operator biases while on the other hand allows the operator to control each step of the computation. The final selection of the preferred solution among the ten best-fitting solutions is carried out by an operator. The operator control is necessary as he may include in the final decision process all the qualitative elements that cannot be included in a qualitative analysis but nevertheless characterize a landslide dynamic as a whole epistemological subject, for example on the base of geomorphological evidence. A landslide located in Northeast Italy has been selected as example for showing the system potentiality. The proposed method is straightforward, scalable and robust and could be useful for researchers and practitioners.
Peng, Jian; Albergel, Clement; Balenzano, Anna; Brocca, Luca; Cartus, Oliver; Cosh, Michael H.; Crow, Wade T.; Dabrowska-Zielinska, Katarzyna; Dadson, Simon; Davidson, Malcolm W.J.; de Rosnay, Patricia; Dorigo, Wouter; Gruber, Alexander; Hagemann, Stefan; Hirschi, Martin; Kerr, Yann H.; Lovergine, Francesco; Mahecha, Miguel D.; Marzahn, Philip; Mattia, Francesco; Musial, Jan Pawel; Preuschmann, Swantje; Reichle, Rolf H.; Satalino, Giuseppe; Silgram, Martyn; van Bodegom, Peter M.; Verhoest, Niko E.C.; Wagner, Wolfgang; Walker, Jeffrey P.; Wegmüller, Urs; Loew, Alexander, 2021, A roadmap for high-resolution satellite soil moisture applications – confronting product characteristics with user requirements,
Remote sensing of environment (2021). doi_10.1016/j.rse.2020.112162,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.rse.2020.112162
Abstract
Soil moisture observations are of broad scientific interest and practical value for a wide range ...
Soil moisture observations are of broad scientific interest and practical value for a wide range of applications. The scientific community has made significant progress in estimating soil moisture from satellite-based Earth observation data, particularly in operationalizing coarse-resolution (25-50 km) soil moisture products. This review summarizes existing applications of satellite-derived soil moisture products and identifies gaps between the characteristics of currently available soil moisture products and the application requirements from various disciplines. We discuss the efforts devoted to the generation of high-resolution soil moisture products from satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data such as Sentinel-1 C-band backscatter observations and/or through downscaling of existing coarse-resolution microwave soil moisture products. Open issues and future opportunities of satellite-derived soil moisture are discussed, providing guidance for further development of operational soil moisture products and bridging the gap between the soil moisture user and supplier communities.
Peduto D.; Santoro M.; Aceto L.; Borrelli L.; Gullà G., 2021, Full integration of geomorphological, geotechnical, A-DInSAR and damage data for detailed geometric-kinematic features of a slow-moving landslide in urban area,
Landslides (Berl., Print) (2021): 807–825. doi_10.1007/s10346-020-01541-0,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10346-020-01541-0
Abstract
The reconnaissance, mapping and analysis of kinematic features of slow-moving landslides evolving along medium-deep sliding ...
The reconnaissance, mapping and analysis of kinematic features of slow-moving landslides evolving along medium-deep sliding surfaces in urban areas can be a difficult task due to the presence and interactions of/with anthropic structures/infrastructures and human activities that can conceal morphological signs of landslide activity. The paper presents an integrated approach to investigate the boundaries, type of movement, kinematics and interactions (in terms of damage severity distribution) with the built environment of a roto-translational slow-moving landslide affecting the historic centre of Lungro town (Calabria region, southern Italy). For this purpose, ancillary multi-source data (e.g. geological-geomorphological features and geotechnical properties of geomaterials), both conventional inclinometer monitoring and innovative non-invasive remote sensing (i.e. A-DInSAR) displacement data were jointly analyzed and interpreted to derive the A-DInSAR-geotechnical velocity (DGV) map of the landslide. This result was then cross-compared with detailed information available on the visible effects (i.e. crack pattern and width) on the exposed buildings along with possible conditioning factors to displacement evolution (i.e. remedial works, sub-services, etc.). The full integration of multi-source data available at the slope scale, by maximizing each contribution, provided a comprehensive outline of kinematic-geometric landslide features that were used to investigate the damage distribution and to detect, if any, anomalous locations of damage severity and relative possible causes. This knowledge can be used to manage landslide risk in the short term and, in particular, is propaedeutic to set up an advanced coupled geotechnical-structural model to simulate both the landslide displacements and the behavior of interacting buildings and, therefore, to implement appropriate risk mitigation strategies over medium/long period.
Yves Tramblay , Agnieszka Rutkowska , Eric Sauquet , Catherine Sefton ,
Gregor Laaha , Marzena Osuch , Teresa Albuquerque , Maria Helena Alves , Kazimierz Banasik ,
Aurelien Beaufort , Luca Brocca , Stefania Camici , Zoltán Csabai , Hamouda Dakhlaoui , Anna
Maria DeGirolamo , Gerald Dörflinger , Francesc Gallart , Tobias Gauster , Lahoucine Hanich ,
Silvia Kohnová , Luis Mediero , Ninov Plamen , Simon Parry , Pere Quintana-Seguí , Ourania
Tzoraki & Thibault Datry, 2021, Trends in flow intermittence for European rivers,
Hydrological sciences journal (Online) (2021). doi_10.1080/02626667.2020.1849708,
DOI: 10.1080%2F02626667.2020.1849708
Abstract
Intermittent rivers are prevalent in many countries across Europe, but little is known about the
temporal ...
Intermittent rivers are prevalent in many countries across Europe, but little is known about the
temporal evolution of intermittence and its relationship with climate variability. Trend analysis of
the annual and seasonal number of zero-flow days, the maximum duration of dry spells and the
mean date of the zero-flow events, is performed on a database of 452 rivers with varying degrees
of intermittence between 1970 and 2010. The relationships between flow intermittence and
climate are investigated using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and
climate indices describing large-scale atmospheric circulation. The results indicate a strong
spatial variability of the seasonal patterns of intermittence and the annual and seasonal number of
zero-flow days, highlighting the controls exerted by local catchment properties. Most of the
detected trends indicate an increasing number of zero-flow days, which also tend to occur earlier
in the year, particularly in southern Europe. The SPEI is found to be strongly related to the annual
and seasonal zero-flow day occurrence in more than half of the stations for different
accumulation times between 12 and 24 months. Conversely, there is a weaker dependence of
river intermittence with large-scale circulation indices. Overall, these results suggest increased
water stress in intermittent rivers that may affect their biota and biochemistry and also reduce
available water resources.
M. Santangelo(a), I. Marchesini(a), F. Bucci(a), M. Cardinali(a), M. Cavalli(b), S. Crema(b), L. Marchi(b), M. Alvioli(a), F. Guzzetti(a), 2021, Exposure to landslides in rural areas in Central Italy,
2021,
Abstract
The Total Susceptibility Index (TSI) gives the overall (total) propensity of pixels to be affected ...
The Total Susceptibility Index (TSI) gives the overall (total) propensity of pixels to be affected by shallow (SL) or deep-seated (DL)
landslides, debris flows (DF), and rockfalls (RF), in any possible combination. For each TSI value, the corresponding values of the
Specific Susceptibility Index (SSI), a four-digits positional index, is given (Table 1).
By reading the SSI it is possible to understand the landslide types expected within a given pixel because it is made up by four digits,
each expressing the susceptibility to the single landslide types considered. Each of the four digits is referred to as Susceptibility Index
(SI), and expresses, for each pixel, the propensity to be affected by a landslide of that specific type. For all the landslide types except
debris flows, SI values give the susceptibility models prediction in terms of presence (1) or absence (0) of landslides. For debris flows,
the SI has four classes, depending on the combined model output. Low values show low susceptibility, and 0 show no susceptibility. For
debris flows, the Susceptibility Index is equal to 4 also where DF deposits where mapped in the landslide inventory map (Map A).
The Total Susceptibility is expressed by the TSI in five classes, namely Negligible, Low, Medium, High and Very High. The five classes
of TSI also correspond to the five classes of exposure to landslides.
Additionally to the local susceptibility conditions and exposure, for each pixel, also the morphological suitability for post-seismic
rebuilding was evaluated.
Tarpanelli A.; Camici S.; Nielsen K.; Brocca L.; Moramarco T.; Benveniste J., 2021, Potentials and limitations of Sentinel-3 for river discharge assessment,
Advances in space research (2021). doi_10.1016/j.asr.2019.08.005,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.asr.2019.08.005
Abstract
The monitoring of rivers is not the primary objective of the Sentinel-3 mission. The first ...
The monitoring of rivers is not the primary objective of the Sentinel-3 mission. The first satellite of the constellation was launched in February 2016 and so far no study has investigated the joint use of altimeter, near-infrared and thermal sensors for discharge estimation. Nevertheless, similar sensors onboard other platforms have showed their ability to estimate river discharge also in scarcely gauged areas. The advantage of altimetry lies in the observation of water surface elevation, which can be proficiently used in approaches based on rating curve, empirical formulae or hydraulic modeling. Even though their use is limited, near-infrared sensors are successfully used to detect the variability of river discharge thanks to their high capacity to discriminate water from land. Thermal sensors are nearly completely unused, but the unique study that uses the difference in temperature of the river water between day and night for the estimation of water level, encourages its use for river discharge assessment as well. To improve the estimation of river discharge and foster studies that are aimed at monitoring ungauged rivers, the combination of the sensors is considered a viable path. The aim of this manuscript is to review these studies to show the limitations and the potentials of each sensor onboard the Sentinel-3 satellite and to investigate the added value of using these three sensors co-located on the same platform for river discharge monitoring.
Marchi L., Crema S., Coviello V., 2021, Il monitoraggio delle colate detritiche,
Le Linee guida SNPA per il monitoraggio delle frane - Webinar Digital Remtech Expo 2021, Ferrara, 21/09/2021,
Abstract
Il contributo illustra le principali problematiche relative al monitoraggio delle colate detritiche (per finalità sia ...
Il contributo illustra le principali problematiche relative al monitoraggio delle colate detritiche (per finalità sia di ricerca che di allertamento) con riferimento al contributo degli autori alle Linee guida SNPA per il monitoraggio delle frane.
Baroni C. [1], Bondesan A.[2], Carturan L.[3], Chiarle M.[4], 2020, Annual glaciological survay of italian glaciers,
Geografia fisica e dinamica quaternaria (Testo stamp.) 43 (2020): 45–142.,
Abstract
In this paper we present results of the annual glaciological
survey (2019) conducted on Italian ...
In this paper we present results of the annual glaciological
survey (2019) conducted on Italian glaciers. More than 200
volunteers operated in the three Alpine sectors (Piemonte - Valle d'Aosta, Lombardy and Triveneto) and in the
Apennines (Calderone Glacier, Gran Sasso Group). Data
on the frontal variations measured during the 2019 glaciological survey are reported_ 102 glaciers were visited in the
Piemonte - Valle d'Aosta sector (54 were measured), 24 in
the Lombardy Sector (20 measured), 61 in the Triveneto
Sector (54 measured) and 1 in the Apennines. Section on
mass balance measurements furnishes data for 21 Italian
glaciers monitored during the 2018-2019 hydrological year
(4 in the Western Alps, 16 in the Eastern Alps and one in
the Central Apennines).
Maria Teresa Brunetti, Ivan Marchesini, Silvia Peruccacci, Mauro Rossi, 2020, SANF-RFI Manuale,
2020,
Abstract
Il presente documento è il Manuale d'uso del Sistema di Allertamento Nazionale per la previsione ...
Il presente documento è il Manuale d'uso del Sistema di Allertamento Nazionale per la previsione del possibile innesco di fenomeni Franosi indotti da piogge lungo la rete ferroviaria di RFI (SANF-RFI) realizzato dall'Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), come Centro di Competenza (CC) del Dipartimento di Protezione Civile (DCP). SANF-RFI è basato sul confronto di misure, stime e previsioni della precipitazione, e soglie pluviometriche per la previsione dell'innesco di fenomeni franosi.
Pellegrini G.; Cazorzi A.; Rainato R.; Martini L.; Picco L.; Cavalli M., 2020, The morphological response of an alpine catchment to a large infrequent disturbance,
10th Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, pp. 448–454, Delft, Netherlands, 7-10/07/2020,
Abstract
Large disturbances highly affect the morphological settings and the dynamics of mountain river basins, above ...
Large disturbances highly affect the morphological settings and the dynamics of mountain river basins, above all if they are dealing with water and wind. The Vaia storm that hit the northeastern part of Italy in late October 2018 caused the activation of new sediment sources, the generation of widespread instabilities and the destruction of hectares. The following research focuses on the Tegnas River basin (Belluno Province) and investigates the morphological changes of the active channel after the Vaia storm as well as the connectivity before the event. Both field surveys and remote sensing data were used to carry out DoD analysis (DEM of difference) and IC (Index of Connectivity) computation. On the one hand, evidence of erosion was identified in the upstream portion of the basin, especially on the Bordina Stream sub-catchment, where the riverbed deepened by more than 3.0 m. On the other hand, the event caused deposition of more than 1.5 m along the valley floor of the Tegnas River basin, modifying catchment-scale sediment connectivity and highlighting the different response of the basin according to the channel steepness. For this reason, in the forthcoming future, second-step consequences will occur producing cascading processes affecting the morphology and the equilibrium of the entire system. Therefore, the comprehension of these mechanisms will give important tips for future management strategies that will permit to decrease risks and to guarantee the maintenance of the natural appearance of the San Lucano valley.
Martini L.; Picco L.; Rainato R.; Pellegrini G.; Lenzi M.A.; Cavalli M., 2020, Investigating the geomorphic change in the Rio Cordon basin (Italy) after Vaia Storm,
10th Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, pp. 1774–1781, Delft, Netherlands, 7-10 July 2020,
Abstract
natural disturbances are the cause of major instabilities for river systems as they can rapidly ...
natural disturbances are the cause of major instabilities for river systems as they can rapidly overturn the morphological features of the landscape at various spatial scales. On October 29, 2018, an extreme event named "Vaia" characterized by heavy rainfall and wind gusts reaching 200 km h affected part of North-Eastern Italy. Following the cascading processes caused by this event, several alpine catchments in the area featured significant geomorphic changes. The Rio Cordon catchment (5 km), located in the Agordino area (NE of Italy), is one of the few alpine catchments offering a long-term monitoring station for climatic conditions and sediment fluxes. After Vaia Storm, large amount of sediment was deposited into the storage area of the measuring station, where a volume of ~ 8000 m was measured. To understand the causes of such massive sediment transport, the present work aims at assessing qualitatively and quantitatively the variation of sediment source areas, as well as the channel geomorphic changes. Three different steps were performed at catchment scale_ i) update the sediment sources inventory; ii) DoD analysis; and iii) connectivity analysis to verify the (de)coupling of the sediment sources. Preliminary results showed the activation of several sediment sources, responsible for sediment contribution to the channel network. In particular, large lateral erosions within the main channel and the disruption of the armoured layer of the river bed seem to have represented the primary source of sediment. The results permitted to describe the geomorphic response of a high mountain basin to an extreme event, offering information for future management decisions.
Canale, Caterina; Barbaro, Giuseppe; Foti, Giandomenico; Petrucci, Olga; Besio, Giovanni; Fiamma, Vincenzo; Chiara Barillà, G.; Puntorieri, Pierfabrizio; Bruzzaniti, Lucia, 2020, Floods and sea storms_ Analysis of contemporaneity conditions in Calabria, Italy,
Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering 11524 (2020). doi_10.1117/12.2571215,
DOI: 10.1117%2F12.2571215
Abstract
The anthropization of many territories observed in the last decades has caused an increase in ...
The anthropization of many territories observed in the last decades has caused an increase in waterproof surfaces, with alterations of the hydrological cycle. The soil waterproofing reduces hydrological losses by increasing surface runoffs, with the same atmospheric event. Also, the climate changes significantly affect the atmospheric events that generate intense rainfall and sea storms and the major consequences are observed in the case of concomitant events. Generally, in the scientific literature floods and sea storms are studied and analyzed separately. Most of the research mainly focuses on the effects generated on the territory rather than on the analysis of the causes that favor the concurrence of these events. Vulnerable territories such as the Italian and Calabrian ones can be affected by these events. The paper analyzes the conditions that favor the contemporaneity between floods and sea storms, focusing mainly on the geo-morphological and climatic aspects of the Calabrian territory, and in particular of the metropolitan city of Reggio Calabria, which, due to its geomorphological and climatic characteristics, it is subject to concurrent events.
Canale, Caterina; Barbaro, Giuseppe; Petrucci, Olga; Fiamma, Vincenzo; Foti, Giandomenico; Barilla, Giuseppina Chiara; Puntorieri, Pierfabrizio; Minniti, Francesca; Bruzzaniti, Lucia, 2020, ANALYSIS OF FLOODS AND STORMS_ CONCURRENT CONDITIONS,
Italian journal of engineering geology and environment (Testo stamp.) 20 (2020): 23–29. doi_10.4408/IJEGE.2020-01.S-03,
DOI: 10.4408%2FIJEGE.2020-01.S-03
Abstract
L'antropizzazione del territorio che ha caratterizzato gli ultimi decenni ha causato un incremento delle superfici ...
L'antropizzazione del territorio che ha caratterizzato gli ultimi decenni ha causato un incremento delle superfici impermeabili, con conseguenti ripercussioni sul ciclo idrologico. In particolare, l'impermeabilizzazione del suolo riduce le perdite idrologiche aumentando i deflussi superficiali, a parità di evento atmosferico. Inoltre, i cambiamenti climatici attualmente in atto influiscono in modo significativo sulla circolazione atmosferica e, quindi, sugli eventi atmosferici che generano precipitazioni intense e mareggiate. Nella letteratura scientifica, alluvioni e mareggiate sono quasi sempre studiate e analizzate separatamente. Invece, le maggiori criticità si osservano nel caso di eventi concomitanti ma la maggior parte delle ricerche svolte finora si concentra principalmente sugli effetti prodotti sul territorio piuttosto che sull'analisi delle cause che favoriscono la concomitanza degli eventi. Territori vulnerabili come quelli italiani e calabresi possono risentire maggiormente degli effetti di tali eventi, la cui frequenza e variabilità spaziale e temporale incrementa i possibili rischi. La memoria analizza le condizioni che favoriscono la contemporaneità tra alluvioni e mareggiate, soffermandosi principalmente sugli aspetti geo-morfologici e climatici del territorio calabrese, ed in particolare della città metropolitana di Reggio Calabria, che, per le sue caratteristiche geomorfologiche e climatiche, può favorire la contemporaneità tra mareggiate ed alluvioni. L'area oggetto di studio si trova nella parte meridionale della Calabria. Tale regione ha una forma stretta e lunga con prevalenza di montagne e colline e con poche pianure (nell'area in esame è presente quella di Gioia Tauro). La Calabria ha una notevole estensione costiera, con circa 750 km di coste (220 dei quali appartenenti all'area di studio) che si affacciano su due mari, Ionio ad Est (soggetto a venti e perturbazioni provenienti prevalentemente da Scirocco e Levante) e Tirreno ad Ovest (soggetto a venti e perturbazioni provenienti prevalentemente da Maestrale). A causa di tale conformazione morfologica, una percentuale elevata di rilievi montuosi è situata a breve distanza dalla costa per cui numerosi corsi d'acqua sono caratterizzati da bacini idrografici di piccola estensione, con pendenze elevate e con bassi tempi di corrivazione. Tali corsi d'acqua sono denominati "fiumare" ed hanno regime idrologico torrentizio, con lunghi periodi secchi e con piene improvvise ed impetuose. La maggior parte dei suoli adiacenti le fiumare è caratterizzato da bassa permeabilità, con conseguente riduzione delle perdite idrologiche. Tutti questi fattori contribuiscono ad incrementare il rischio idraulico. Dal punto di vista costiero, sia il Mar Ionio che il Mar Tirreno sono caratterizzati da grande variabilità spaziale dei fetch geografici, con alcune direzioni (le stesse da cui arrivano le perturbazioni sopra citate) in cui i fetch sono dell'ordine di 500-1000 km. Pertanto, anche il rischio di inondazione costiera assume notevole importanza ed il verificarsi in contemporanea di alluvioni e mareggiate può avere notevoli ripercussioni sul territorio. La contemporaneità delle alluvioni e delle mareggiate è stata analizzata prendendo in esame i dati contenuti in due database. Il primo è quello dell'Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche di Cosenza (CNR-IRPI), che fornisce informazioni sugli eventi di dissesto idrogeologico avvenuti in Calabria negli ultimi secoli. In dettaglio, il database contiene data, localizzazione e descrizione dell'evento e dei relativi danni, raggruppati per comune. Il secondo database è quello del MeteOcean del Dipartimento DICCA dell'Università di Genova che fornisce dati ondosi e climatici dell'intero Mar Mediterraneo (scomposto in una griglia a maglia quadrata di 10 km per lato) degli ultimi 40 anni, dal 1979 al 2019, ricostruiti a partire dai dati del Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR). In dettaglio, il database contiene, ad intervalli orari e per ciascun punto, altezze significative, periodi medio e di picco, lunghezze d'onda, velocità del vento alla quota di 10 m e direzioni di provenienza del moto ondoso e del vento. Nell'area di studio è stata osservata una elevata contemporaneità, pari al 97%, nella macro-area ionica mentre nella macro-area tirrenica la contemporaneità è minore, 73%, ma sempre rilevante. Questo studio rappresenta uno studio pilota che può essere esteso in altri territori geomorfologicamente e climaticamente simili all'area oggetto di studio (per esempio Liguria, Basilicata, Sicilia etc.). Lo studio è di notevole interesse nel campo della pianificazione e gestione delle aree costiere, soprattutto in prossimità delle foci fluviali ed in presenza di centri abitati ed infrastrutture. Infatti, le foci fluviali rappresentano i territori maggiormente vulnerabili in presenza di alluvioni e mareggiate concomitanti. The geomorphological characteristics and the seismic, landslide and erosive dynamism of the Italian territory, meant studies on the hydrogeological risk were necessary. Floods and sea storms, combined with anthropic factors, are causes of instability. Under particular climatic, geographical and geomorphological conditions, these events occur simultaneously, increasing their effects. Reggio Calabria, a metropolitan city in the south of Italy, is located in a particularly complex context. The city is flanked by the Tyrrhenian Sea and by the Ionian Sea. The territory is exposed to the risk of intense sea storms. Moreover, the torrential nature of the rivers and intense rainfall favour the formation of floods. This paper analyse the conditions that favour the concurrence between floods and sea storms in the territory of Reggio Calabria. This analysis can be extended to other areas with characteristics that are similar to those of Reggio Calabria.
Canale, Caterina; Barbaro, Giuseppe; Petrucci, Olga; Besio, Giovanni; Foti, Giandomenico; Barillà, Giuseppina Chiara; Puntorieri, Pierfabrizio, 2020, Analysis of the concurrent conditions of floods and sea storms_ A case study of crotone, italy,
WIT transactions on engineering sciences (Online) 129 (2020): 147–156. doi_10.2495/RISK200131,
DOI: 10.2495%2FRISK200131
Abstract
The considerable anthropogenic pressure that has occurred since the second half of the last century ...
The considerable anthropogenic pressure that has occurred since the second half of the last century has increased the vulnerability of coastal areas to the effects of natural events such as floods and sea storms, especially if these events occur simultaneously. This paper analyses the conditions that favour the concurrence of floods and sea storms through a case study near Crotone, a city in southern Italy on the Ionian Sea. The study area has a coastal extension of about 34 km, is characterized by typical rivers called "fiumare" and has been hit by several events of concurrent floods and sea storms. The conditions that favour the concurrence of floods and sea storms are mainly related to geomorphologic and climatic factors. Among these latter factors, atmospheric pressure is very important. Indeed the formation of low-pressure areas is the cause of atmospheric disturbances which can affect both the sea and the coast causing heavy rains and intense sea storms. The analysis was divided into two phases. In the first, the concurrence between floods and sea storms was verified. In the second phase, the possible correlations between the main factors involved were identified_ the rainfall heights, the maximum significant wave heights and the atmospheric pressure variations observed during each atmospheric disturbance. The analysis showed that the rainfall heights and the maximum significant wave heights, that are both generally independent factors, are related to a common factor, the atmospheric pressure. This result is useful in predicting concurrent events. Indeed, by predicting atmospheric pressure variations, it is possible to estimate the expected rainfall height and the expected maximum significant wave height. The methodology described in this paper can be extended to other areas with geomorphologic and climatic characteristics that are similar to those of Crotone.
Virginia Coletta, Alessandro Ciarravano, Paolo Allasia, Alessandra Bonazza, Myrta Castellino, Stefano Federico, Davide Notti, Fernanda Prestileo, Rosa Claudia Torcasio, Mattia Crespi, Stefano Dietrich, 2020, Flooding assessment of coastal archaeological sites_ Pyrgi as case study,
VII YOCOCU Conference "Hands on heritage_ experiencing conservation, mastering management", Tbilisi (Georgia), on-line edition, 2-4/11/2020,
Abstract
Windy episodes in recent years are increasing in intensity and frequency, amplifying the risk for ...
Windy episodes in recent years are increasing in intensity and frequency, amplifying the risk for coastal cultural heritage. The increase in wind speed leads to an increase in the height of the waves, generating, as a result, violent sea storms. This will lead to an intensification of flooding phenomena that can give rise to erosion and chemical damage to cultural property located along the coast. In addition, rising temperatures and melting glaciers are the cause of rising sea levels, which can cause intermittent water flow to sites and/or permanent immersion of certain parts of the territory.
The proposed study takes into consideration the archaeological area of Pyrgi, an Etruscan port located along the Lazio coast in the city of Santa Severa (Rome), still under excavation. The site in question is adjacent to the coast and has major flooding problems, particularly during autumn and winter. This phenomenon not only leads to both mechanical and chemical problems, but also causes problems during excavation operations.
The work reported is highly interdisciplinary, and its final objective is to characterize the triggering conditions of the flooding phenomenon in order to adopt solutions and interventions to correct this problem.
Through the images acquired by drone, related to the archaeological area, a digital terrain model (DTM) is generated, in order to represent the morphology of the area and then assess which are the areas of water retention.
This DTM is integrated with the beach and bathymetry profile for the whole study. The bathymetric profile near the coast is in fact fundamental to define the evolution of the wave evolution on shallow water. To this aim, after the definition of the domain of interest and the proper grid, the numerical approach CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) was used, which is based on the technique of finished volumes based on RANS (Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) approach with k-? turbulence closure, two-phase, not stationary.
Tidal and field forcing conditions were evaluated on the basis of data acquired both from synoptic scale data (reanalysis ECMWF) and from experimental acquisition databases in sites near the Pyrgi area (anemometers, wave buoys).
A simulation campaign was conducted for the different tidal conditions and wave heights and the critical flooding conditions were investigated, while assessing the water invasion in the different areas of the Pyrgi site.
Future applications of this approach consist in the assessment of the effects of flooding, analysis and design of site protection solutions and the evolution of coastal erosion phenomena.
Marta Chiarle (1), Roberta Paranunzio (2), Guido Nigrelli (1), Giovanni Mortara (1), Silvia Terzago (3), Jost von Hardenberg (3,4), and Chiara Cardinali, 2020, Forecasting alpine glacier evolution at the seasonal,
EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (2020). doi_10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13289, 2020,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fegusphere-egu2020-13289, 2020
Abstract
For application purposes (in particular water resources management and planning) it is crucial to rely ...
For application purposes (in particular water resources management and planning) it is crucial to rely on accurate predictions of the evolution of glaciers on short time scales (from seasonal to multi-annual).
This is one of the aims of the MEDSCOPE project in the framework of the ERA4CS initiative_ seasonal-to-decadal climate forecasts, produced and downscaled by the project, are used to estimate the evolution of glaciers in selected areas of the Western Italian Alps.
For this purpose, empirical glacier models have been calibrated with historical observational data of glacier front fluctuation and mass balance for five glaciers, characterized by different morphology and topoclimatic setting, in the Western Italian Alps. The models will be forced with the seasonal, downscaled forecasts, in order to assess the added value provided by MEDSCOPE to climate services for water management.
Luzi, G.; Dematteis, N., 2020, Analysis of Ground Based SAR Images Acquired In A Small Urban Area Using Diverse Polarization Configurations,
2020 Mediterranean and Middle-East Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (M2GARSS), pp. 21–24, Tunisi, Tunisia, 9-11/3/2020,
Abstract
A Ku band-terrestrial radar interferometer with different polarization combination capability, including left and right circular ...
A Ku band-terrestrial radar interferometer with different polarization combination capability, including left and right circular polarization (CP), has been used to investigate the potential of different co-polar and cross-polar acquisitions for Terrestrial Radar interferometry (TRI), aiming at improving the monitoring of landslides in semi-urban areas. After some preliminary tests carried out to verify the responses of simple targets, Ground Based SAR images acquired in a test area affected by a landslide have been analyzed. The study of how different polarization combinations affect coherence and amplitude dispersion of natural media and man-made structures has been carried out to evaluate the potentialities of the different polarization observations, aiming at easing the identification of stable scatters.
Temme A.; Guzzetti F.; Samia J.; Mirus B.B., 2020, The future of landslides’ past–a framework for assessing consecutive landsliding systems,
Landslides (Berl., Print) 17 (2020): 1519–1528. doi_10.1007/s10346-020-01405-7,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10346-020-01405-7
Abstract
Landslides often happen where they have already occurred in the past. The potential of landslides ...
Landslides often happen where they have already occurred in the past. The potential of landslides to reduce or enhance conditions for further landsliding has long been recognized and has often been reported, but the mechanisms and spatial and temporal scales of these processes have previously received little specific attention. Despite a preponderance of qualitative and anecdotal evidence, analysis has been limited. As a result, there is little consensus on the meaning of terms such as landslide repetition, recurrence, and reactivation. This source of confusion is evident when such terms are also used to describe systems where landsliding is prevalent but unrelated to landslide history. Recent findings, partly based on a rare multi-temporal landslide inventory for an area in Italy, show that the impacts of earlier landslides affect a substantial fraction of landslides, that landslides following earlier landslides differ from those that do not, and that accounting for the effect of previous landslides can improve susceptibility assessments. These findings await confirmation in other landslide-prone landscapes but show that consecutive landsliding deserves more attention, which requires consistent terminology. No such terminology is presently available, and we therefore propose it in this manuscript. We use the term "uncorrelated landsliding" to describe situations where landslides are common, but where a correlation with environmental variables such as terrain steepness is not implied. We propose "correlated landsliding" to describe situations where landslides are common and correlations with environmental variables exist, and "path-dependent landsliding" to describe situations where causal relations exist between consecutive landslides, for instance, when landslides occur at the scarp of previous landslides. These are situations where past landslides impact future landslides. Within the path-dependent category, we distinguish three subcategories based on the spatial distance between earlier and later landslides_ "reactivation" or "continuation" if essentially the same material recommences or continues to slide, "local activation" if an earlier slide causes changes in a local hillslope that cause a later slide, and "remote activation" if an earlier slide causes changes elsewhere in the landscape that cause a later landslide. We use this proposed set of terms to outline some prominent knowledge gaps and potential research questions.
Nigrelli G., Chiarle M., 2020, Osservazioni ai ghiacciai Arguerey e Breuil,
Geografia fisica e dinamica quaternaria (Testo stamp.) 43 (2020): 78–79. doi_10.4461/ GFDQ.2020.43.4,
DOI: 10.4461%2F GFDQ.2020.43.4
Abstract
Osservazioni, dati e risultati della campagna glaciologica 2019 per i quattro ghiacciai dell'Arguerey e del ...
Osservazioni, dati e risultati della campagna glaciologica 2019 per i quattro ghiacciai dell'Arguerey e del Breuil, meridionali e settentrionali.
Drastiche riduzioni areali e volumetriche dei ghiacciai osservati.
Rossato S.[1], Ghirotti M.[2], Gabrieli F.[3], Livio F.[4], Bovo F.[3], Brezzi L.[3], Campedel P.[5], Cola S.[3], Ivy-Ochs S.[7], Martin S.[6], Mozzi P.[6], Pasuto A.[8], Rigo M.[1,6], Simonini P.[3], Surian N.[6], Viganò A.[5], Vockenhuber C.[7], Wolter A.[9], 2020, Learning from the past to face the future_ landslides in the Riave Valley (Eastern Alps, Italy).,
Alpine and Mediterranean Quaternary 33 (2020): 209–228. doi_10.26382/AMQ.2020.14,
DOI: 10.26382%2FAMQ.2020.14
Abstract
Landslides are a critical process in landscape evolution and may pose a serious threat to ...
Landslides are a critical process in landscape evolution and may pose a serious threat to people and infrastructure.
In the last decades, a growing interest in such phenomena has developed in the Alps, where narrow valleys are increasingly inhabited,
and landslides have caused several casualties. Understanding the driving factors, triggers, evolution, and impact of past
and future failures is of the utmost importance when dealing with land use and risk reduction. In this paper, four distinct case studies
are presented, showing how different approaches can interact and produce a comprehensive understanding of a landslide
event. All examples lie in the middle sector of the Piave Valley (NE Italy) and deal with failures that occurred in the distant past
(i.e., the historic Masiere di Vedana rock avalanche), in the near past (i.e., the 1963 Vajont event), in the present (i.e., the 60-years
-lasting Tessina landslide) and in the future (i.e., possible Mt. Peron instabilities). The final goal of the paper is to show how the
understanding of past landslides is fundamental to obtain reliable predictions on future failures, and how modelling designed to
predict the evolution of potential detachments can be applied to understand the dynamics of ancient events.
Brenna A.; Surian N.; Ghinassi M.; Marchi L., 2020, Survey of the vaia storm deposits in the tegnas catchment (Dolomites, Italy): Field data and evidence of sediment-water flow types,
Data in brief 33 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.dib.2020.106415,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.dib.2020.106415
Abstract
Brenna et al. [1] developed a survey protocol to collect evidence aimed at classifying flood ...
Brenna et al. [1] developed a survey protocol to collect evidence aimed at classifying flood deposits on the basis of the flow type that mobilized and deposited sediment. Such a survey protocol was adopted to characterize the flood deposits in a mountain catchment of the Dolomites (the Tegnas Torrent and its tributaries; drainage area of 51 km) after a high-magnitude hydrological event that occurred in October 2018 (the so-called "Vaia Storm"). In this article, we present the field data collected at thirty-two survey sites considering the geomorphological and sedimentological characteristics of the analysed sedimentary products and their effects on the vegetation. Data on the characteristics of the flood deposits have enabled recognizing the transport mechanisms that occurred during the Vaia Storm along the stream network [1]. Future applications of the survey protocol adopted in this study could compare and integrate the collected data with those presented in detail in this article.
Baroni C. (1), Bondesan A. (2), Carturan L. (3), Chiarle M. (4) (Eds.), 2020, Annual glaciological survey of Italian glaciers (2019),
Geografia fisica e dinamica quaternaria (Testo stamp.) 43 (2020): 45–142. doi_10.4461/ GFDQ.2020.43.4,
DOI: 10.4461%2F GFDQ.2020.43.4
Abstract
In this paper we present results of the annual glaciological survey (2019) conducted on Italian ...
In this paper we present results of the annual glaciological survey (2019) conducted on Italian glaciers. More than 200 volunteers operated in the three Alpine sectors (Piemonte - Valle d'Aosta, Lombardy and Triveneto) and in the Apennines (Calderone Glacier, Gran Sasso Group). Data on the frontal variations measured during the 2019 glaciological survey are reported_ 102 glaciers were visited in the Piemonte - Valle d'Aosta sector (54 were measured), 24 in
the Lombardy Sector (20 measured), 61 in the Triveneto Sector (54 measured) and 1 in the Apennines. Section on mass balance measurements furnishes data for 21 Italian glaciers monitored during the 2018-2019 hydrological year (4 in the Western Alps, 16 in the Eastern Alps and one in the Central Apennines).
Silvia Peruccacci, Massimo Melillo, Stefano Luigi Gariano, Maria Teresa Brunetti, Carmela Vennari, 2020, Relazione aggiornamento soglie pluviometriche – WP3 – Valutazione integrata di dissesti geo-idrologici nel territorio della regione Puglia, modelli interpretativi dei fenomeni e definizione di soglie di pioggia per il possibile innesco di frane superficiali – P.O.R. PUGLIA 2014 – 2020,
D03-03, 2020,
Abstract
Il documento contiene l'aggiornamento delle soglie di pioggia per il possibile innesco di frane nella ...
Il documento contiene l'aggiornamento delle soglie di pioggia per il possibile innesco di frane nella regione Puglia. In particolare, il documento è suddiviso in 6 capitoli. Il Capitolo 1 contiene un'introduzione ai contenuti del documento. Nel Capitolo 2 sono riportate le soglie pluviometriche definite a novembre 2018 [DR-002]. A seguito di un'analisi approfondita, le soglie sono state ricalcolate eliminando 12 condizioni pluviometriche responsabili dell'innesco di frane in quanto duplicate nel catalogo o relative a frane non verificatesi come primo innesco. Nel Capitolo 3 è descritto e analizzato il nuovo catalogo contenente le informazioni spaziali e temporali sui fenomeni franosi occorsi in Puglia. Il catalogo è stato integrato con le informazioni su frane pluvio-indotte occorse nelle regioni limitrofe (Molise, Campania e Basilicata) entro una distanza di 15 km dal confine del territorio pugliese. Il Capitolo 4 riporta e analizza le condizioni pluviometriche utilizzate per l'aggiornamento delle soglie frequentiste in Puglia. Il Capitolo 5 mostra le nuove soglie regionali frequentiste di tipo Cumulata-Durata (CD) corrispondenti alle percentuali di non superamento del 5% con le relative incertezze e il confronto con la soglia regionale preliminare. Nello stesso capitolo viene mostrato il confronto tra la nuova soglia frequentista al 5% per la regione Puglia e le soglie precedentemente definite dal CC CNR-IRPI per altre regioni e per l'intero territorio nazionale. Il Capitolo 6 contiene l'elenco della bibliografia di riferimento.
Ivan Marchesini, Mauro Rossi, Maria Elena Martinotti, Silvia Peruccacci, 2020, Sistema di Allertamento SANF-RFI – aggiornamento P-02-2, basato su P-06-2,
P-03-3, 2020,
Abstract
Il documento, diviso in 9 sezioni, contiene una descrizione del sistema SANF-RFI versione 4.0 per ...
Il documento, diviso in 9 sezioni, contiene una descrizione del sistema SANF-RFI versione 4.0 per la previsione dei dissesti lungo l'infrastruttura RFI. In particolare, nelle prime 6 sezioni sono riportate le descrizioni tecniche e logico-funzionali relative a_ (i) base dati SANF-RFI; (ii) procedura di importazione e aggiornamento dei dati anagrafici dalla rete fiduciaria del DPC; (iii) procedura di importazione di dati misurati e calcolo delle previsioni della possibile occorrenza di frana; (iv) procedura di importazione dei dati di previsione di pioggia all'interno di SANF-RFI; (v) procedura di interpolazione dei dati generati da SANF-RFI a livello di pluviometro; (vi)algoritmi di calcolo delle probabilità di innesco di frane pluvio-indotte.
Nelle successive 2 sezioni, sono invece descritte_ le modalità di calcolo dell'esposizione al dissesto della rete ferroviaria e la procedura di calcolo delle probabilità di innesco di frane lungo la rete ferroviaria.
Nell'ultima sezione sono descritte le interfacce di consultazione/analisi degli output e delle elaborazioni del sistema.
La nuova applicazione web, giunta alla versione 4.0, si compone di una interfaccia di backend che consente di configurare e adeguare le interfacce di consultazione (Monitoraggio e Analisi) secondo le preferenze dell'utente.
Maria Teresa Brunetti, Silvia Peruccacci, Maria Elena Martinotti, Mauro Rossi, Ivan Marchesini, Massimo Melillo, Stefano Luigi Gariano, 2020, Rapporto sulla validazione di SANF-RFI basato su P-04-1 e P-05-1,
P-07-2, 2020,
Abstract
Il rapporto rappresenta la seconda valutazione delle prestazioni di SANF-RFI per la previsione di frane ...
Il rapporto rappresenta la seconda valutazione delle prestazioni di SANF-RFI per la previsione di frane pluvio-indotte lungo le linee ferroviarie di RFI da giugno a novembre 2019. Tale attività ha incluso l'uso di informazioni sull'occorrenza di frane pluvio-indotte in prossimità o in corrispondenza dell'infrastruttura ferroviaria RFI, e l'implementazione di procedure per il confronto delle previsioni di SANF-RFI con l'occorrenza di frane nei giorni successivi, nel periodo di validità delle previsioni stesse.
Silvia Peruccacci, Massimiliano Alvioli, Maria Teresa Brunetti, Ivan Marchesini, Mauro Rossi, 2020, Formazione Personale RFI – 2020,
2020,
Abstract
Le attività di formazione hanno come obiettivo quello di illustrare il Sistema di Allertamento Nazionale ...
Le attività di formazione hanno come obiettivo quello di illustrare il Sistema di Allertamento Nazionale per la previsione del possibile innesco di fenomeni Franosi indotti da piogge lungo la rete ferroviaria di RFI (SANF-RFI) versione 4.0 al personale di Rete Ferroviaria Italiana S.p.A. (RFI). Si ritiene infatti che SANF-RFI necessiti, per essere trasferito adeguatamente a RFI, di una fase di formazione finalizzata a un suo ottimale utilizzo. In particolare, la formazione mira a_ (i) illustrare i criteri e le metodologie utilizzate per la definizione delle differenti soglie per la previsione dei fenomeni franosi; (ii) illustrare le funzionalità, le caratteristiche ed i limiti di SANF-RFI v. 4.0; e (iii) illustrare le procedure per la verifica delle previsioni e la valutazione delle performance di SANF-RFI.
Massari, C. 1, Camici 1, S., Ciabatta 1, L., Penna 2, D., Marra, A. C. 3, Panegrossi, G.3, 2020, Floods in the Mediterranean area_ The role of soil moisture and precipitation,
Water Resources in the Mediterranean Region, edited by Zribi Mahrez, Brocca Luca , Tramblay Yves, Molle Froncois, pp. 191–218. Amsterdam_ ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHER B.V., 2020,
Abstract
In Mediterranean area (MA), floods are, after droughts, the most dangerous meteorological hazard causing severe ...
In Mediterranean area (MA), floods are, after droughts, the most dangerous meteorological hazard causing severe damages of manmade infrastructures, produce large loss of lives, and adversely affect the opportunities for socio-economic development of MA countries. MA is characterized by a relatively high number of flash floods (FFs) and floods occurring in small catchments normally triggered by deep convective systems associated with intense precipitation with a limited areal extent and high initial wetness conditions. For these reasons, the understating of the role of rainfall and soil moisture as well as the techniques available for their monitoring is particularly important. In this chapter, we review the most important studies carried out on floods in MA, which focuses on (1) the importance of the rainfall and soil moisture in the triggering and evolution of these events; (2) the monitoring techniques and models available to estimate these two variables along with their operational use for their prediction.
Chen F.1, W. T. Crow, L. Ciabatta3, P. Filippucci3, G. Panegrossi4, A. C. Marra4, S. Puca5, and C. Massari3, 2020, Enhanced large-scale validation of satellite-based land rainfall products,
Journal of hydrometeorology (Online) (2020). doi_10.1175/JHM-D-20-0056.1,
DOI: 10.1175%2FJHM-D-20-0056.1
Abstract
Satellite-based precipitation estimates (SPEs) are generally validated using ground-based rain gauge or radar observations. However, ...
Satellite-based precipitation estimates (SPEs) are generally validated using ground-based rain gauge or radar observations. However, in poorly instrumented regions, uncertainty in these references can lead to biased assessments of SPE accuracy. As a result, at regional or continental scales, an objective basis to evaluate SPEs is currently lacking. Here, we evaluate the potential for large-scale, spatially continuous evaluation of SPEs over land via the application of collocation-based techniques (i.e., triple collocation (TC) and quadruple collocation (QC) analyses). Our collocation approach leverages the SM2RAIN (Soil Moisture to Rain) rainfall product, derived from the time series analysis of satellite-based soil moisture retrievals, in combination with independent rainfall datasets acquired from ground observations and climate reanalysis to validate four years of the EUMETSAT (European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites) H-SAF (Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management) H23 daily rainfall product. Large-scale maps of the H23 correlation metric are generated using both TC and QC analyses. Results demonstrate that the SM2RAIN product is a uniquely valuable independent product for collocation analyses, as other available large-scale rainfall datasets are often based on overlapping data sources and algorithms. In particular, the availability of SM2RAIN facilitates the large-scale evaluation of SPE products like H23 - even in areas lacking adequate ground-based observations to apply traditional validation approaches.
Marchi, Lorenzo, Cazorzi, Federico, Arattano, Massimo, Cucchiaro, Sara, Cavalli, Marco, Crema, Stefano, 2020, Debris-flow data recorded in the Moscardo catchment (Italy),
2020,
Abstract
This dataset presents debris-flows data recorded in the Moscardo Torrent (eastern Italian Alps) between 1990 ...
This dataset presents debris-flows data recorded in the Moscardo Torrent (eastern Italian Alps) between 1990 and 2019. In this time interval, 30 debris flows occurred, and 26 of them were monitored by sensors installed on the channel, while four were only documented through post-event observations. Monitored data consist of debris-flow hydrographs, measured utilizing ultrasonic sensors, and rainfall.
Marco Cavalli, Marco Borga, Stefano Crema, Lorenzo Marchi, 2020, Progetto “GPR” “Approfondimento delle strategie di Governo della Pericolosità alluvionale a seguito dell’evento del 29 ottobre 2018 sul rio Rotiano” – Analisi delle variazioni morfologiche indotte nel conoide e lungo il canale del Rio Rotian dall’evento del 29 ottobre 2018,
2020,
Abstract
Nel presente rapporto si riportano le risultanze delle analisi DoD effettuate nell'area del conoide e ...
Nel presente rapporto si riportano le risultanze delle analisi DoD effettuate nell'area del conoide e lungo l'asta principale del Rio Rotian interessato da un ingente evento di colata detritica il 29 ottobre 2018.
Anna Roccati, Guido Paliaga, Fabio Luino, Francesco Faccini, Laura Turconi, 2020, Rainfall Threshold for Shallow Landslides Initiation and Analysis of Long-Term Rainfall Trends in a Mediterranean Area,
Atmosphere (Basel) 11(12), 1367 (2020). doi_10.3390/atmos11121367,
DOI: 10.3390%2Fatmos11121367
Abstract
The effects of climate change on landslide activity may have important environmental, socio-economic, and political ...
The effects of climate change on landslide activity may have important environmental, socio-economic, and political consequences. In the last decades, several short-term extreme rainfall events affected Mediterranean regions, resulted in damaging geo-hydrological processes and casualties. It is unequivocal that the impact of landslides in several Mediterranean countries is increasing with time, but until now, there has been little or no quantitative data to support these increases. In this paper, both rainfall conditions for the occurrence of shallow landslides and rainfall trends were investigated in the Portofino promontory, which extends in the Ligurian Sea, where heavy rainfall and related ground effects often occur. Adopting a frequentist approach, the empirical intensity-duration threshold was estimated. Our findings highlight that the rainfall intensity required to trigger landslides is lower for the same duration than those expected in other similar environments, suggesting a high susceptibility to rainfall-induced landslides in the Portofino territory. Further, the Mann-Kendall test and Hurst exponent were used for detecting potential trends. Analysis of long-term rainfall time series showed statistically significant increasing trends in short duration precipitation occurrence and rainfall rates, suggesting a possible future scenario with a more frequent exceedance of the threshold triggering value and an increase of landslide risk.
Giovanni Gullà, Luigi Borrelli, Luigi Aceto, 2020, FRANE TIPIZZATE IN ROCCE GNEISSICHE_ RILEVANZA E STATO DELL’ARTE,
Tecniche per la Difesa del Suolo e dall'Inquinamento, pp. 213–227, Guardia Piemontese, 2020,
Abstract
. Le frane e la loro conoscenza, essenziale per progettare gli interventi che concorrono alla ...
. Le frane e la loro conoscenza, essenziale per progettare gli interventi che concorrono alla gestione del rischio, presentano notevoli complessità e richiedono un impegno rilevante di tempo e di risorse. L'analisi sistematica dei risultati di studi su frane rappresentative in contesti geo-ambientali e sociali omogenei consente di individuare "famiglie" di frane tipizzate costituite da due o più frane che presentano un adeguato numero di elementi caratteristici simili (geomateriali, profondità massima, velocità caratteristiche, ecc.). Il metodo proposto nella nota consente una comprensione più rapida dei meccanismi di frana riconducibili ad una famiglia di frane tipizzate e, ancora, di trasferire e utilizzare le conoscenze dal singolo versante, all'area vasta ed all'analisi regionale in maniera circolare ed efficace. La diffusione delle rocce metamorfiche in Calabria, gneissiche in particolare, e il profondo grado di alterazione che le caratterizza, le espone ad un'elevata suscettibilità alle frane. In tale scenario, il metodo proposto ed i risultati che fornisce costituiscono utili strumenti per la definizione di efficaci strategie di intervento per
l'adattamento, la mitigazione e la riduzione del rischio da frana. Utilizzando risultati relativi ad aree e siti oggetto di studi interdisciplinari, sono illustrati nella nota gli elementi di frana tipizzati con i livelli di analisi considerati (regionale, su area vasta e di dettaglio). La discussione dei risultati delinea la praticabilità del percorso proposto e conferma l'utilità a sviluppare l'approccio, con i dovuti approfondimenti e le necessarie precisazioni, per altri contesti geoambientali. Si rileva, in conclusione, come la disponibilità di frane tipizzate consente su area vasta di pianificare le priorità degli interventi e di programmare al meglio l'utilizzo delle risorse disponibili, mentre per il singolo versante permette di massimizzare le conoscenze a parità di risorse disponibili e, quindi, di garantire una maggiore sostenibilità socio-economica degli interventi nel medio-lungo termine. Gli elementi tipizzati con livello di analisi regionale indirizzano, infine, la scelta di aree di studio rappresentative di particolari possibili condizioni di rischio.
Giorgia DALLA SANTA, Luca SCHENATO, Philippe PASQUIER, Antonio GALGARO, 2020, A Comparison Between Traditional and Hybrid Optic Fibre Based Ground Thermal Response Tests,
World Geothermal Congress 2020, Reykjavik, Iceland, 21-26/05/2021,
Abstract
The importance of analysing and understanding the entity of the ground thermal conductivity aimed at ...
The importance of analysing and understanding the entity of the ground thermal conductivity aimed at evaluating the heat exchange capability in ground-source heat-pump (GSHP) applications is crucial. The subsoil represents the limiting factor in borehole heat exchanger (BHE) field design for building conditioning, due to its immutability and the cumbersome expenses associated with the installation drilling phase. Currently, there are several methods for assessing the thermal properties of a geological setting_ laboratory analyses on sample corings, thermal response tests (TRTs) and distributed TRTs carried out with fibre optic sensors. In this regard, a GSHP system of more than 60 BHEs 120m deep has been realized at the new humanistic campus of the University of Padova (Italy). The coring provided a detailed stratigraphic sequence of unconsolidated alluvial deposits. Besides, the monitoring well has been equipped with a hybrid optical fibre cable integrating some electrical wires conductors and a bundle of fibre optics, sealed into the well. The fibre optic cable has been used here in an active mode to perform an Enhanced Thermal Response Test (ETRT) by injecting a constant heating power through the electrical wires contained within the cable structure and by measuring the transient thermal behaviour of the borehole. This kind of TRT has distributed features because exploits the optical fibre sensing technology to provide a spatial distributed representation of the behaviour of the subsoil along the stratigraphic succession. In the paper, the data acquired from the distributed ETRT have been analysed with two different method (analysis of the measured temperature by applying the first-order approximation of the infinite line-source model and the derivative analysis); the results are compared each other and to the global thermal conductivity provided by the traditional TRT in relation to the local stratigraphic succession.
Luca Schenato, Alessandro Pasuto, Riccardo Veronese, Gianluca Guerra, Gianluca Marcon, Andrea Galtarossa, Luca Palmieri, 2020, AN OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE FOR DISTRIBUTED PRESSURE SENSING WITH HIGH RESOLUTION AND SENSITIVITY,
Italian Conference on Optics and Photonics - ICOP 2020, Parma, 8-11/09/2020,
Abstract
In this work, we present an optical fibre cable for distributed pressure sensing employing standard ...
In this work, we present an optical fibre cable for distributed pressure sensing employing standard single-mode fibres. The
cable can be interrogated with a distributed strain sensing interrogator, either based on Rayleigh or Brillouin scattering. By
using an optical frequency domain reflectometer with 1 ?? of strain resolution on a cable prototype, we found that the spatial
resolution is approx. 8.5 cm, and the pressure resolution and accuracy are approximately 5 Pa and 10 hPa, respectively.
Luca Schenato, Pia R. Tecca, Andrea M. Deganutti, Hugo F. Martins, Andrés García-Ruiz, María del Rosario Fernández-Ruiz, Sonia Martín-López, Francesco Zarattini, Antonio Pol, Fabio Gabrieli, Riccardo Veronese, Gianluca Guerra, Gianluca Marcon, Andrea Galtarossa, Alessandro Pasuto, Miguel González-Herráez, Luca Palmieri, 2020, DETECTING DEBRIS FLOWS BY DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSING,
Italian Conference on Optics and Photonics - ICOP 2020, Parma, 8-11/09/2020,
Abstract
In this work, we have monitored some debris flows in an artificial inclined flume, instrumented ...
In this work, we have monitored some debris flows in an artificial inclined flume, instrumented with approx. 800 m of fiber,
wound in 20 coils. The fiber was interrogated using a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system based on a chirped-pulses
phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer and the acquired signals were analyzed confirming the viability of DAS for
debris flows monitoring.
Lorenzo Marchi, Marco Cavalli, Giacomo Tedesco, 2020, Progetto “GPR” “Approfondimento delle strategie di Governo della Pericolosità alluvionale a seguito dell’evento del 29 ottobre 2018 sul rio Rotiano” – Analisi granulometriche,
2020,
Abstract
Le caratteristiche granulometriche della colata detritica che ha interessato il rio Rotiano ed il suo ...
Le caratteristiche granulometriche della colata detritica che ha interessato il rio Rotiano ed il suo conoide il 29 ottobre 2018, d'interesse per la caratterizzazione del fenomeno e la sua analisi modellistica sono state oggetto di rilievi eseguiti in luoghi e tempi differenti e con diversi metodi. Il rapporto raccoglie e presenta in modo omogeneo le analisi granulometriche finora (dicembre 2020) effettuate da diverse persone e istituzioni nel bacino e sul conoide del rio Rotiano.
Fausto Guzzetti (1), Snje?ana Mihali? Arbanas (2), Paola Reichenbach (3) o Kyoji Sassa (4)o Peter T. Bobrowsky (5) o Kaoru Takara (4), 2020, Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk, From Mapping to Hazard and Risk Zonation,
Basel: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2020,
Abstract
From Mapping to Hazard and Risk Zonation is Volume 2 of the book "Understanding and ...
From Mapping to Hazard and Risk Zonation is Volume 2 of the book "Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk", prepared to collect selected contributions presented to the Fifth World Landslide Forum (WLF5), to be held in Tokyo, Japan, 2-6 November 2021. A contribution of the International Consortium of Landslides (ICL) to landslide disaster risk reduction, the volume is divided in six parts, and comprises an editorial introduction, two keynote articles, and 52 articles covering five main topics related to (i) landslide detection, recognition and mapping techniques and methods tested at various geographical scales and in different morphological, geological and climatic settings, (ii) landslide susceptibility assessment and spatial landslide modelling at different geographical scales, using consolidated and innovative techniques, (iii) landslide size statistics and landslide temporal modelling, which are key, yet inadequately investigated to landslide hazard assessment, (iv) landslide data and information collection, organization, and sharing for improved disaster mitigation, and (v) vulnerability to landslides of people, communities and the built environment, key but poorly understood components of landslide risk assessment.
Daniele Giordan, Niccolò Dematteis, Fabrizio Troilo, Valerio Segor, Danilo Godone, 2020, Close-Range Sensing of Alpine Glaciers,
Glaciers and Polar Environment, pp. 1–20, 2020,
Abstract
Glacial processes can have a strong impact on human activities in terms of hazards and ...
Glacial processes can have a strong impact on human activities in terms of hazards and freshwater supply. Therefore, scientific observation is fundamental to understand their current state and possible evolution. To achieve this aim, various monitoring systems have been developed in the last decades to monitor different geophysical and geochemical properties. In this manuscript, we describe examples of close-range monitoring sensors to measure the glacier dynamics_ (i) terrestrial interferometric radar, (ii) monoscopic time-lapse camera, (iii) total station, (iv) laser scanner, (v) ground-penetrating radar and (vi) structure form motion. We present the monitoring applications in the Planpincieux and Grandes Jorasses glaciers, which are located in the touristic area of the Italian side of the Mont Blanc massif. In recent years, the Planpincieux-Grandes Jorasses complex has become an open-air research laboratory of glacial monitoring techniques. Many close-range surveys have been conducted in this environment and a permanent network of monitoring systems that measures glacier surface deformation is presently active
Antronico, Loredana; Coscarelli, Roberto; De Pascale, Francesco; Di Matteo, Dante, 2020, Climate Change and Social Perception_ A Case Study in Southern Italy,
Sustainability (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/su12176985,
DOI: 10.3390%2Fsu12176985
Abstract
The consequences of climate change can involve various ambits and be very severe. For this ...
The consequences of climate change can involve various ambits and be very severe. For this reason, the social perception of climate change is a fundamental issue since it can influence the decisions of the policymakers, by encouraging or discouraging political, economic and social actions. In this paper, a sample of 300 interviews, collected through a standardized questionnaire and carried out among two municipalities located in southern Italy, was exploited to investigate the perception of climate change. Specific issues, regarding perceptions about climate change, concerns about its impacts, level of information, behavior and actions, exposure to extreme natural events and trust, were addressed to give answers to the research questions_ (i) Is climate change perceived by the population? (ii) What is the degree of the community resilience to extreme natural events and climate change? As the main findings, this survey highlighted that the spatio-temporal dimension affects population perception, suggesting that some issues, such as correct behavior towards the geosphere, the sustainability of anthropization processes, community resilience and disaster risk reduction policies, can be very central and useful to mitigate the effects of climate change in population and society. Moreover, climate change perception varies in relation to contextual factors, including media communication, socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, knowledge and education, economic and institutional factors, personal values and, finally, psychological factors and experience.
Calvello, M.; Devoli, G.; Freeborough, K.; Gariano, S. L.; Guzzetti, F.; Kirschbaum, D.; Nakaya, H.; Robbins, J.; Stahli, M., 2020, LandAware: a new international network on Landslide Early Warning Systems,
Landslides (Berl., Print) 17 (2020): 2699–2702. doi_10.1007/s10346-020-01548-7,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10346-020-01548-7
Fabio Luino, Laura Turconi, Barbara Bono, Franco Godone, 2020, Relazione conclusiva sull’attività svolta nell’ambito del Progetto ARTEMIDE ARchivio TEMatico Immagini Aerofotografiche Di Eventi,
2020,
Abstract
Con il Progetto ARTEMIDE si è voluto realizzare un database di consultazione in ambito GIS ...
Con il Progetto ARTEMIDE si è voluto realizzare un database di consultazione in ambito GIS open source della risorsa aerofotografica, secondo criteri logici di archiviazione e una sua valorizzazione e fruibilità come risorsa conoscitiva esplorabile anche da utenti esterni. Il finanziamento ottenuto per tale bando ha permesso di svolgere un'attività scientifico-tecnica articolata per 24 mesi finalizzata alla valorizzazione del patrimonio e alla tanto auspicata realizzazione di una piattaforma pubblica di consultazione.
Va segnalato che, con apposita Dichiarazione di cui al prot. 1256/34.04.04 del 20 aprile 2018, il patrimonio fotografico, congiuntamente a quello documentale conservato presso l'IRPI di Torino, è stato riconosciuto di "grande valore storico-scientifico" e di conseguenza sottoposto alla tutela della Soprintendenza Archivistica e Bibliografica del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta.
Grazie alle attività e all'impegno di risorse umane e finanziarie il personale CNR IRPI ha potuto in circa 11 anni di vedere finalmente una delle risorse documentali (insieme alla biblioteca e all'archivio) adeguatamente riconosciuta anche all'esterno per la sua importanza scientifica, storica, culturale, ambientale.
Le azioni compiute con il progetto ARTEMIDE, sono sostanzialmente state finalizzate alla conservazione, valorizzazione e condivisione del patrimonio documentale.
El Khalki, El Mandi; Tramblay, Yves; Massari, Christian; Brocca, Luca; Simonneaux, Vincent; Gascoin, Simon; Saidi, Mohamed El Mehdi, 2020, Challenges in flood modeling over data-scarce regions_ how to exploit globally available soil moisture products to estimate antecedent soil wetness conditions in Morocco,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Print) 20 (2020): 2591–2607. doi_10.5194/nhess-20-2591-2020,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fnhess-20-2591-2020
Abstract
The Mediterranean region is characterized by intense rainfall events giving rise to devastating floods. In ...
The Mediterranean region is characterized by intense rainfall events giving rise to devastating floods. In Maghreb countries such as Morocco, there is a strong need for forecasting systems to reduce the impacts of floods. The development of such a system in the case of ungauged catchments is complicated, but remote-sensing products could overcome the lack of in situ measurements. The soil moisture content can strongly modulate the magnitude of flood events and consequently is a crucial parameter to take into account for flood modeling. In this study, different soil moisture products (European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative, ESA-CCI; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity, SMOS; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphere, SMOS-IC; Advanced Scatterometer, ASCAT; and ERAS reanalysis) are compared to in situ measurements and one continuous soil-moisture-accounting (SMA) model for basins located in the High Atlas Mountains, upstream of the city of Marrakech. The results show that the SMOSIC satellite product and the ERAS reanalysis are best correlated with observed soil moisture and with the SMA model outputs. The different soil moisture datasets were also compared to estimate the initial soil moisture condition for an event-based hydrological model based on the Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN). The ASCAT, SMOS-IC, and ERAS products performed equally well in validation to simulate floods, outperforming daily in situ soil moisture measurements that may not be representative of the whole catchment soil moisture conditions. The results also indicated that the daily time step may not fully represent the saturation state before a flood event due to the rapid decay of soil moisture after rainfall in these semiarid environments. Indeed, at the hourly time step, ERAS and in situ measurements were found to better represent the initial soil moisture conditions of the SCS-CN model by comparison with the daily time step. The results of this work could be used to implement efficient flood modeling and forecasting systems in semiarid regions where soil moisture measurements are lacking.
Camici, Stefania; Massari, Christian; Ciabatta, Luca; Marchesini, Ivan; Brocca, Luca, 2020, Which rainfall score is more informative about the performance in river discharge simulation? A comprehensive assessment on 1318 basins over Europe,
Hydrology and earth system sciences 24 (2020): 4869–4885. doi_10.5194/hess-24-4869-2020,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fhess-24-4869-2020
Abstract
The global availability of satellite rainfall products (SRPs) at an increasingly high temporal and spatial ...
The global availability of satellite rainfall products (SRPs) at an increasingly high temporal and spatial resolution has made their exploitation in hydrological applications possible, especially in data-scarce regions. In this context, understanding how uncertainties transfer from SRPs to river discharge simulations, through the hydrological model, is a main research question.
Tarpanelli A., Iodice F., Brocca L., Restano M., Benveniste J., 2020, River flow monitoring by Sentinel-3 OLCI and MODIS_ comparison and combination,
Remote sensing (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/rs12233867,
DOI: 10.3390%2Frs12233867
Abstract
The monitoring of rivers by satellite is an up-to-date subject in hydrological studies as confirmed ...
The monitoring of rivers by satellite is an up-to-date subject in hydrological studies as confirmed by the interest of space agencies to finance specific missions that respond to the quantification of surface water flows. We address the problem by using multi-spectral sensors, in the near-infrared (NIR) band, correlating the reflectance ratio between a dry and a wet pixel extracted from a time series of images, the C/M ratio, with five river flow-related variables_ water level, river discharge, flow area, mean flow velocity and surface width. The innovative aspect of this study is the use of the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) on board Sentinel-3 satellites, compared to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) used in previous studies. Our results show that the C/M ratio from OLCI and MODIS is more correlated with the mean flow velocity than with other variables. To improve the number of observations, OLCI and MODIS products are combined into multi-mission time series. The integration provides good quality data at around daily resolution, appropriate for the analysis of the Po River investigated in this study. Finally, the combination of only MODIS products outperforms the other configurations with a frequency slightly lower (~1.8 days).
Caloiero T.; Filice E.; Coscarelli R.; Pellicone G., 2020, A homogeneous dataset for rainfall trend analysis in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy),
Water (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/w12092541,
DOI: 10.3390%2Fw12092541
Abstract
In order to investigate the tendency in rainfall amount in Calabria (southern Italy), in this ...
In order to investigate the tendency in rainfall amount in Calabria (southern Italy), in this work, monthly rainfall series were first tested for homogeneity and then a trend analysis was performed. In particular, a homogenization approach based on the Climatol method was applied to homogenize monthly climatological series. Then, the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test and the Theil-Sen estimator were applied to evaluate the presence of trends and their significance in the monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall series. Moreover, the trend slopes were further evaluated with a linear regression analysis. At the annual scale, results evidenced a decreasing trend mainly in the north-eastern part of the region. At the seasonal scale, a spatial distributed negative trend in winter, and a positive trend in summer, mainly localized in the north-western part of the region, were identified. Finally, on a monthly scale negative trends spreading across the region were detected in January and December, with an opposite behavior in July and especially in September, when almost the entire region presented a positive trend.
Paolo Allasia, Danilo Godone, Giorgio Pezzetti, Ivan Mammone, Eliano Romani, 2020, The Use of a Robotized Inclinometer System to Measure Deep-Seated Ground Deformation in a Monumental Area During TBM Tunnel Excavations. The Case of Rome Subway, New Line C,
Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering, edited by Shehata, H. ; Badr, M., pp. 44–58. Basel_ Springer Nature Switzerland, 2020,
Abstract
The new section T3 of Rome Metro network (line C) stretches in an important World ...
The new section T3 of Rome Metro network (line C) stretches in an important World Heritage area (Colosseo, Fori imperiali etc.). In order to monitor and assure the safety of this heritage, a very complex monitoring network has been installed to provide information on monuments status, on the effectiveness of the designer's hypothesis and on the evolution of the TBM tunnel excavation. In cooperation with METROC S.c.p.A, General Contractor for planning and construction of the project, a robotized inclinometer system was experimentally installed with the aim of measuring the deep-seated ground deformations in three sections with different inclinometer tubes length. This equipment allows the measurement of deep horizontal displacements using a single inclinometer probe and a robotic system that automatically manage the probe for the entire length of the borehole with 50 cm step and double reading (0/180°). The experimental activity was carried out before, during and after the TBM excavation and allowed the monitoring of three sections at the Basilica of Santo Stefano Rotondo al Celio (62 m), Fori Imperiali (43 m and 33 m) with a frequency of measurement up to 6 measurements/day. The results showed interesting relations between TBM progress and horizontal deep deformations induced by tunnel excavation. These deformations, although very small, highlighted the potential of this instrumentation in terms of accuracy, vertical spatial resolution and very high frequency of measurements. This type of results can be useful to a more complete interpretation of the subsoil deformations and interaction between excavation and the surrounding built environment.
Viani C., Chiarle M., Paranunzio R., Merlone A., Musacchio C., Coppa G., Nigrelli G., 2020, An integrated approach to investigate climate-driven rockfall occurrence in high alpine slopes_ the Bessanese glacial basin, Western Italian Alps,
Journal of mountain science (Online) 17 (2020): 2591–2610.,
Abstract
Rockfalls are one of the most common instability processes in high mountains. They represent a ...
Rockfalls are one of the most common instability processes in high mountains. They represent a relevant issue, both for the risks they represent for (infra) structures and frequentation, and for their potential role as terrestrial indicators of climate change. This study aims to contribute to the growing topic of the relationship between climate change and slope instability at the basin scale. The selected study area is the Bessanese glacial basin (Western Italian Alps) which, since 2016, has been specifically equipped, monitored and investigated for this purpose. In order to provide a broader context for the interpretation of the recent rockfall events and associated climate conditions, a cross-temporal and integrated approach has been adopted. For this purpose, geomorphological investigations (last 100 years), local climate (last 30 years) and near-surface rock/air temperatures analyses, have been carried out. First research outcomes show that rockfalls occurred in two different geomorphological positions_ on rock slopes in permafrost condition, facing from NW to NE and/or along the glacier margins, on rock slopes uncovered by the ice in the last decades. Seasonal thaw of the active layer and/or glacier debutressing can be deemed responsible for slope failure preparation. With regard to timing, almost all dated rock falls occurred in summer. For the July events, initiation may have been caused by a combination of rapid snow melt and enhanced seasonal thaw of the active layer due to anomalous high temperatures, and rainfall. August events are, instead, associated with a significant positive temperature anomaly on the quarterly scale, and they can be ascribed to the rapid and/or in depth thaw of the permafrost active layer. According to our findings, we can expect that in the Bessanese glacierized basin, as in similar high mountain areas, climate change will cause an increase of slope instability in the future. To fasten knowledge deepening, we highlight the need for a growth of a network of high elevation experimental sites at the basin scale, and the definition of shared methodological and measurement standards, that would allow a more rapid and effective comparison of data.
Antronico L., De Pascale F., Coscarelli R., Gullà G., 2020, Interventi non strutturali nella filiera per la gestione del rischio_ la percezione sociale e la comunicazione del rischio geo-idrologico secondo gli esperti nel caso studio di Maierato (Calabria meridionale, Italia),
Geologia dell'ambiente Supplemento al n. 1/2020 (2020): 213–217.,
Abstract
La gestione del rischio, in emergenza e in condizioni ordinarie, si può schematizzare secondo una ...
La gestione del rischio, in emergenza e in condizioni ordinarie, si può schematizzare secondo una filiera che utilizza l'adattamento, la mitigazione e la riduzione del rischio, perseguibili con interventi strutturali e non strutturali variamente combinati. Filo conduttore del percorso delineato è la valutazione della pericolosità dei fenomeni e/o degli eventi,
su area vasta e su singolo versante. Fra gli interventi non strutturali assumono un ruolo di rilievo il monitoraggio - specialmente se condotto nell'ambito di laboratori in sito - e il coinvolgimento delle comunità che vivono nelle aree a rischio. In particolare, il coinvolgimento della popolazione risulta essenziale per conseguire i risultati più efficaci possibili nella gestione del rischio stesso. Tutti concordano, infatti, nell'affermare che un'adeguata informazione e consapevolezza dei cittadini sull'esposizione al rischio, nonché un'educazione al rischio stesso, siano fondamentali per attuare mirate strategie di intervento. Infatti, se la popolazione non è sufficientemente consapevole ed informata dei pericoli naturali a cui è esposta, difficilmente adotterà misure che ne possano ridurre gli impatti negativi. Se da una parte, quindi, è importante che una comunità sia informata e consapevole dell'esposizione ai pericoli naturali, risulta ancora più importante che gli amministratori locali siano consapevoli del grado di conoscenza della popolazione da loro amministrata al fine di stabilire politiche adeguate. Inoltre, comprendere come il pubblico percepisce il rischio risulta cruciale nel determinare il modo di diffondere informazioni appropriate allo scopo di aumentare la fiducia della popolazione nelle autorità e, in questo modo, migliorare la capacità pubblica di rispondere a eventi estremi e aumentare la resilienza delle persone. Scienziati e politici spesso concordano sul fatto che il pubblico ha la tendenza a reagire emotivamente o soggettivamente alla complessità e spesso non è in grado di apprezzare la natura incerta complessa delle questioni ambientali. Il pubblico, d'altro canto, tende, molte volte, a criticare gli esperti (scienziati e responsabili politici) per l'utilizzo di un linguaggio tecnico inaccessibile e per non fornire risposte chiare e complete. Questi rilievi evidenziano le difficoltà di interlocuzione che esistono tra il pubblico e gli esperti e la necessità di migliorare la comunicazione del rischio da parte degli esperti. Partendo da questa riflessione, si è
ritenuto opportuno svolgere nel febbraio 2018 un'indagine sulla percezione del rischio frana da parte della popolazione di
Maierato, cittadina in provincia di Vibo Valentia, coinvolta il 15 febbraio 2010 da un evento franoso ad elevato impatto ambientale e socio-economico. Al termine di questa indagine si è aggiunta l'esigenza di realizzare delle interviste semi-strutturate, coinvolgendo altresì gli esperti cioè gli attori politici locali e i responsabili tecnici e di Protezione Civile del comune in carica nel periodo in cui si è verificato l'evento franoso del 2010 e i soggetti che rivestivano tali incarichi alla data dell'indagine e cioè otto anni dopo l'evento. Questa esigenza è nata dalla necessità di conoscere il punto di vista di amministratori e tecnici locali sulla gestione dell'emergenza del 2010, sul recupero e la riabilitazione, sulla percezione e consapevolezza del rischio della popolazione e sugli interventi di prevenzione, preparazione e adattamento che si
inseriscono nel quadro degli interventi non strutturali utili alla mitigazione del rischio.