Publications
Publications found: 811
Semi-quantitative method for the assessment of debris supply from slopes to river in ungauged catchments
Tiranti D.; Cavalli M.; Crema S.; Zerbato M.; Graziadei M.; Barbero S.; Cremonini R.; Silvestro C.; Bodrato G.; Tresso F., 2016, Semi-quantitative method for the assessment of debris supply from slopes to river in ungauged catchments,
Science of the total environment 554-555 (2016): 337–348. doi_10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.150,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2016.02.150
Abstract
This paper presents an integrated empirical methodology for assessing the amount of sediment transported from ...
This paper presents an integrated empirical methodology for assessing the amount of sediment transported from slopes to the main river in absence of a sediment transport monitoring system. The amount of transported sediment is calculated through the characterization of the sediment source areas including the identification of the slope phenomena responsible for the sediment propagation to the main river_ shallow landslides, channelized debris flows and deep-seated rotational slides. On this basis, several scenarios related to the climatic conditions are defined_ they indicate the number of possible slope phenomena and potential volumes of mobilized unconsolidated material from sediment source areas to the main river. This methodology was finalized and tested in the Maira River basin (south-western Italian Alps) with quite good results.
Advanced SAR interferometric analysis to support geomorphological interpretation of slow-moving coastal landslides (Malta, Mediterranean Sea)
Mantovani M.; Devoto S.; Piacentini D.; Prampolini M.; Soldati M.; Pasuto A., 2016, Advanced SAR interferometric analysis to support geomorphological interpretation of slow-moving coastal landslides (Malta, Mediterranean Sea),
Remote sensing (Basel) 8 (2016). doi_10.3390/rs8060443,
DOI: 10.3390%2Frs8060443
Abstract
An advanced SAR interferometric analysis has been combined with a methodology for the automatic classification ...
An advanced SAR interferometric analysis has been combined with a methodology for the automatic classification of radar reflectors phase histories to interpret slope-failure kinematics and trend of displacements of slow-moving landslides. To accomplish this goal, the large dataset of radar images, acquired in more than 20 years by the two European Space Agency (ESA) missions ERS-1/2 and ENVISAT, was exploited. The analysis was performed over the northern sector of Island of Malta (central Mediterranean Sea), where extensive landslides occur. The study was assisted by field surveys and with the analysis of existing thematic maps and landslide inventories. The outcomes allowed definition of a model capable of describing the geomorphological evolution of slow-moving landslides, providing a key for interpreting such phenomena that, due to their slowness, are usually scarcely investigated.
Optical fiber load sensor based on a semi-auxetic structure_ a proof of concept
Schenato, L.; Pasuto, A.; Galtarossa; A.; Palmieri, L., 2016, Optical fiber load sensor based on a semi-auxetic structure_ a proof of concept,
European Workshop on Optical Fibre Sensors 2016, pp. 1–4, Limerick - IR, 31/05-03/06/2016,
Abstract
In this work a quasi-distributed optical fiber load sensor based on a semi-auxetic structure is ...
In this work a quasi-distributed optical fiber load sensor based on a semi-auxetic structure is presented. By concatenating sections with positive Poisson's ratio to sections with negative one it is possible to precisely encode the distributed load into a strain exerted on a fiber. The sensor is described and a simple proof of concept is built and tested. The fiber is interrogated by means of optical frequency domain reflectometry. The proposed sensor represents just one example of the potential applications of auxetic and semi-auxetic structures and materials in optical fiber sensors development.
Cumulative monitoring of strain in concrete structures with polymer optical fibers
Schenato, L.; Bossi, G.; Marcato, G.; Pasuto A., 2016, Cumulative monitoring of strain in concrete structures with polymer optical fibers,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 39 (2016): 19–22. doi_10.3301/ROL.2016.37,
Abstract
An alternative approach to spatial sampling of strain and displacement, other than point-wise and distributed, ...
An alternative approach to spatial sampling of strain and displacement, other than point-wise and distributed, is here proposed to the aim of crack monitoring in civil structures. The addressed method
exploits a low cost optical technique for the measurement of the cumulative deformation of a polymer optical fibre (POF), used as a sensing element and is suitable for both dynamic and static measurements.
Main features of this approach are the limited cost, the large dynamic deformation range enabled by POF, the large area covered by a single sensor, ruggedness and easiness of handling. The feasibility of the
approach is demonstrated in a real test site scenario, in which the sensing system is used for long-term monitoring of cracks originated inside a road tunnel impacted by a landslide. Some general considerations will be also drawn about the possible application of that sensing system to the monitoring of physical measurands of geo-technical interest, other than strain.
Fiber optic sensor for hydrostatic pressure and temperature measurement in riverbanks monitoring
Schenato L., Aneesh R., Palmieri L., Galtarossa A., Pasuto A., 2016, Fiber optic sensor for hydrostatic pressure and temperature measurement in riverbanks monitoring,
Optics and Laser Technology 82 (2016): 57–62. doi_10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.02.015,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.optlastec.2016.02.015
Abstract
An optical fibre sensor for the simultaneous measurement of hydrostatic pressure and temperature in soil ...
An optical fibre sensor for the simultaneous measurement of hydrostatic pressure and temperature in soil embankments is presented. It exploits the differential strain induced on a fibre in a dual-chamber case, constituting the sensor body. The strain, either induced by the pressure or by the temperature, is optically measured by means of coherent frequency domain reflectometry and variations induced by the two physical phenomena are discriminated because of the different behavior of the two chambers. Characterization of the sensor is presented and discussed. The prototype shows promising performance_ temperature and pressure sensitivities are approximately -7 GHz/°C and -3.2 GHz/kPa respectively, with accuracies of 0.5 °C and 0.3 kPa.
Esperienze di monitoraggio delle colate detritiche_ bacini sperimentali ed indagini post-evento
Lorenzo Marchi, 2016, Esperienze di monitoraggio delle colate detritiche_ bacini sperimentali ed indagini post-evento,
52° Corso di Cultura in Ecologia, San Vito di Cadore (BL), 6-8/6/2016,
Abstract
Il monitoraggio delle colate detritiche in bacini attrezzati
Finalità
Strumentazione e variabili rilevate
Alcune aree di monitoraggio
Cenno ai ...
Il monitoraggio delle colate detritiche in bacini attrezzati
Finalità
Strumentazione e variabili rilevate
Alcune aree di monitoraggio
Cenno ai sistemi di allarme
Il monitoraggio post-evento in aree interessate da colate detritiche e non provviste di strumentazione
Conclusioni
Murenbeobachtungsstation am Gadriabach in Südtirol
Macconi, P., Marchi, L., Comiti, F., Cavalli, M., 2016, Murenbeobachtungsstation am Gadriabach in Südtirol,
Wildbach und Lawinenverbau 177 (2016): 132–138.,
Abstract
...
La piena improvvisa del 2 agosto 2014 nel bacino del torrente Lierza (Treviso)
M. Borga, L. Marchi, E. Destro, 2016, La piena improvvisa del 2 agosto 2014 nel bacino del torrente Lierza (Treviso),
2016,
Abstract
Nella serata del 2 agosto 2014 il bacino del torrente Lierza, nella parte settentrionale della ...
Nella serata del 2 agosto 2014 il bacino del torrente Lierza, nella parte settentrionale della provincia di Treviso, è stato interessato da un evento meteorico di breve durata ed eccezionale intensità. La piena generata da tali precipitazioni ha portato all'esondazione del torrente in numerosi tratti del suo corso; si sono avute quattro vittime fra i partecipanti ad una festa nel Comune di Refrontolo, presso la località Molinetto della Croda.
Il rapporto espone i risultati di una serie di rilievi e di analisi modellistiche relative all'evento di piena. In particolare, vengono illustrati i seguenti punti_
-analisi della distribuzione spazio-temporale delle piogge e valutazione del loro tempo di ritorno;
-valutazione del picco di piena ed analisi della risposta idrologica;
-analisi del trasporto solido e della dinamica d'alveo;
-analisi dei processi di instabilità dei versanti.
Characterisation of selected extreme flash floods in the Mediterranean region and implications for flood risk management
Zoccatelli D., Borga M., Marchi L. e Amponsah W., 2016, Characterisation of selected extreme flash floods in the Mediterranean region and implications for flood risk management,
Giornate dell'Idrologia 2016, Trento, 27-29/06/2016,
Abstract
The occurrence of flash flooding is of concern in hydrologic and natural hazards science due ...
The occurrence of flash flooding is of concern in hydrologic and natural hazards science due to the top ranking of such events among natural disasters in terms of both the number of people affected globally and the proportion of individual fatalities. On the average, these events cause more casualties worldwide than any other natural disaster, with an average rate of 5000 deaths per year (Douben, 2006). The potential for flash flood casualties and damages is also increasing in many regions due to the social and economic development bringing pressure on land use. Furthermore, evidence of increasing heavy precipitation at continental (Groisman et al., 2004) and global scales (Groisman et al., 2005) supports the view that the global hydrological cycle is intensifying as the planet warms. As a consequence, the flash flood hazard is expected to increase in frequency and severity in many areas, through the impacts of global change on climate, storm-weather systems and river discharge conditions.
This work aims to provide a characterisation of flash flood events in the Mediterranean basin over various time and spatial scales, in order to characterise these events in terms of flood generating rainfall, peak discharges, runoff coefficient and response time, and to use the insight gained with this analysis to identify implications for flash flood risk management.
High-resolution data enabling identification and analysis of the hydrometeorological causative processes of flash floods have been collected and analysed for 20 extreme flash floods occurred in Mediterranean countries. Criteria for flood selection were high intensity of triggering rainfall and flood response and availability of high-resolution reliable data. Hydrometeorological data collected and collated for each event were checked by using a hydrological model. The derivation and analysis of summarising variables based on the data archive has made it possible to outline specific characteristics of flash floods in the Mediterranean basin. Peak discharge data for more than 75% of the studied watersheds derive from post-flood surveys in ungauged streams. This stresses both the significance of post-flood surveys in building and extending flash flood data bases, and the need to continue developing methods for flash-flood hazard assessment able to take into account data from post-event analysis. Examination of data shows a peculiar seasonality effect on flash flood occurrence, revealing different climatic forcing. Consistently with this seasonality effect, spatial extent and duration are also varying. The runoff coefficients of the studied flash floods are usually rather low (less than 0.5 in most of the cases). Antecedent saturation conditions have a significant impact on event runoff coefficients, showing the influence of initial soil moisture status even on extreme flash flood events and stressing the importance of accounting soil moisture for operational flash flood forecasting. These results challenge the common wisdom that antecedent soil moisture is of little importance in determining the magnitude of extreme flash floods. Hence, accounting for antecedent soil moisture conditions is paramount for operational flash flood forecasting. The runoff response displays short lag times (mostly < 6 hours). The analysis of the response time provides information on the time resolution and the spatial density of the networks required for monitoring the storms that generate flash floods.
Attività di studio sulla piena del 14 settembre 2015 nei bacini dei fiumi Trebbia e Nure
Lorenzo Marchi, Marco Cavalli, Stefano Crema, 2016, Attività di studio sulla piena del 14 settembre 2015 nei bacini dei fiumi Trebbia e Nure,
Giornata di studio "L'evento alluvionale del 14 settembre 2015 nel Piacentino", Parma, 12 maggio 2016,
Abstract
I nostri obiettivi nello studio della piena del settembre 2015
oAmpliare il database sulle piene improvvise ...
I nostri obiettivi nello studio della piena del settembre 2015
oAmpliare il database sulle piene improvvise in Europa e nella regione Mediterranea (quantità e distribuzione delle piogge, portate unitarie di picco, coefficienti di deflusso, tempi di ritardo...)
oStudiare le variazioni morfologiche degli alvei indotte dalla piena in relazione alle forzanti idrauliche (ad esempio_ potenza della corrente), alle condizioni morfologiche (ad esempio_ confinamento degli alvei) ed ai processi di erosione e di instabilità delle sponde
oAnalizzare le interazioni fra la vegetazione, il trasporto di legname e l'evoluzione morfologica degli alvei
Analisi idrometeorologica_ attività in corso e previste
oDeterminazione delle piogge dell'evento (radar meteorologici di Monte Settepani e Gattatico): merging dei due strumenti e bias-adjustment
oAnalisi dell'incertezza delle stime indirette di portata
oConfronto con i dati di portata lungo le aste fluviali principali
oModellazione afflussi-deflussi e confronto con la ricostruzione delle portate di picco dalle tracce dell'evento
oIntegrazione con lo studio delle variazioni morfologiche degli alvei e della dinamica del sedimento
A Monitoring Network to Map and Assess Landslide Activity in a Highly Anthropized Area
Giulia Bossi *, Matteo Mantovani, Simone Frigerio, Luca Schenato, Gianluca Marcato and Alessandro Pasuto, 2016, A Monitoring Network to Map and Assess Landslide Activity in a Highly Anthropized Area,
Geosciences (Basel) (2016). doi_10.3390/geosciences6030040,
DOI: 10.3390%2Fgeosciences6030040
Abstract
Mapping landslide activity in a highly anthropized area entails specific problems. The integration of different ...
Mapping landslide activity in a highly anthropized area entails specific problems. The integration of different monitoring techniques in order to measure the displacements rate within the slope is mandatory. We describe our activity for the Mortisa landslide which is located on the western flank of the Cortina d'Ampezzo valley (northeastern Italy) in a highly anthropized area in the heart of the Dolomites, a UNESCO world heritage site. The mass movement threatens some houses, an important national road, and part of the area that will be the venue for the upcoming 2021 Alpine Skiing World Championship. The hazardous context along with its prestigious location makes the construction of new settlements and infrastructure very challenging. Owing to that, precise mapping and assessment of the activity of the Mortisa landslide is extremely important. To achieve this task, multitemporal aerial photo interpretation, A-DInSAR analysis, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) surveys, and inclinometric measurements were performed. Through the integration of the monitoring data and geomorphological interpretation, a hazard map of the Mortisa area was produced with the intent to assist the local authorities in the definition of the new urban development plan.
Crowdsourcing as citizen-empowered tool for natural hazards. The MAppERS project
Giulia Bossi (1), Matteo Mantovani (1), Simone Frigerio (1), Amalie Møller Janniche (2), Chiara Bianchizza (3),
and Daniele Del Bianco (3), 2016, Crowdsourcing as citizen-empowered tool for natural hazards. The MAppERS project,
European Geosciences Union - general assembly 2016, Vienna, 17-22 April 2016,
Abstract
MAppERS is a co-financed project by European Commission and it is focused on natural hazards ...
MAppERS is a co-financed project by European Commission and it is focused on natural hazards risk prevention
and emergency response, through the development of a smartphone application. The idea relies on the role of
citizens and volunteers as 'territorial mappers' and the information they can provide to civil protection operators
through the use of their smartphones.
The strategy is to promote the active participation of citizens and volunteers in disaster risk reduction promoting
responsibility and preparedness. The application embraces tools for crowdsourcing data collection, for preparedness,
prevention and alert warnings.
The pilot activity conducted in order to assess its usability and performance is presented. One activity presented
took place in Denmark, by Frederikssund Halsnæs Fire & Rescue Service, where 12 voluntary citizens were enrolled.
The age ranged between young and elderly people with different educational level. Two separated groups
were defined; one followed an introductory course on the application usage and were supervised during the test,
while the other was untrained and without support. The usability of the app was assessed through the filling in of
a form.
Results showed that volunteers were extremely interested in the app and were seeing the advantage of using it.
The app was considered user-friendly even to elderly people. The differences in comprehension of several aspects
of the application by the two groups allowed to highlight the weak points in terms of approachability. These were
then addressed in the following release of the app.
Highlighting landslides and other geomorphological features usingsediment connectivity maps
Giulia Bossi, Stefano Crema, Marco Cavalli, Gianluca Marcato, and Alessandro Pasuto, 2016, Highlighting landslides and other geomorphological features usingsediment connectivity maps,
European Geosciences Union - general assembly 2016, Vienna, 17-22 April 2016,
Abstract
Landslide identification is usually made through interpreting geomorphological features in the field or with remote
sensing ...
Landslide identification is usually made through interpreting geomorphological features in the field or with remote
sensing imagery. In recent years, airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) has enhanced the potentiality of geomorphological
investigations by providing a detailed and diffuse representation of the land surface. The development
of algorithms for geomorphological analysis based on LiDAR derived high-resolution Digital Terrain Models
(DTMs) is increasing. Among them, the sediment connectivity index (IC) has been used to quantify sediment
dynamics in alpine catchments. In this work, maps of the sediment connectivity index are used for detecting
geomorphological features and processes not exclusively related to water-laden processes or debris flows.
The test area is located in the upper Passer Valley in South Tyrol (Italy). Here a 4 km2 Deep-seated Gravitational
Slope Deformation (DGSD) with several secondary phenomena has been studied for years. The connectivity index
was applied to a well-known study area in order to evaluate its effectiveness as an interpretative layer to assist
geomorphological analysis. Results were cross checked with evidence previously identified by means of in situ
investigations, photointerpretation and monitoring data.
IC was applied to a 2.5 m LiDAR derived DTM using two different scenarios in order to test their effectiveness_ i)
IC derived on the hydrologically correct DTM; ii) IC derived on the original DTM.
In the resulting maps a cluster of low-connectivity areas appears as the deformation of the DGSD induce a
convexity in the central part of the phenomenon. The double crests, product of the sagging of the landslide, are
extremely evident since in those areas the flow directions diverge from the general drainage pattern, which is
directed towards the valley river. In the crown area a rock-slab that shows clear evidence of incumbent detachment
is clearly highlighted since the maps emphasize the presence of traction trenches and reverse slope.
In the second scenario, rockfall activity is more evident since the collapse path induces scars in the slope that
locally are identified as flow paths, moreover the presence of the block remnants creates an obstruction (i.e. a
sink) for the algorithm. On the other hand, the presence of a smaller rotational landslide at the toe of the DGSD is
more detectable in the map derived from the first scenario that shows a rapid change in slope together with a high
drainage concentration.
An integrated approach that assists the geomorphologic analysis based on aerial images and shaded relief maps
with an IC map has proven to be a valuable tool as it allows to highlight different gravitational processes.
Using of the Boolean Stochastic Generation method to target field investigations_ the Mortisa landslide (eastern Italian Alps) case study.
Giulia Bossi , Gianluca Marcato, Guido Gottardi and Lisa Borgatti, 2016, Using of the Boolean Stochastic Generation method to target field investigations_ the Mortisa landslide (eastern Italian Alps) case study.,
European Geosciences Union - general assembly 2016, Vienna, 17-22 April 2016,
Abstract
When designing the geotechnical model of a landslide the information to define the soil profile ...
When designing the geotechnical model of a landslide the information to define the soil profile within the slope is
usually inferred from a small amount of data. This is particularly true for large landslides where the study area is
vast and the variability of terrains is high. In this framework, a method allowing the best locations for further field
investigation campaigns to be identified would be extremely useful. The Boolean Stochastic Generation method
(BoSG), which randomly generates different soil distributions of two definite soil types in both 2D and 3D models,
is a newly developed algorithm that can guide in this process.
In this work the method has been applied to the Mortisa landslide case study, which is located in the Cortina
d'Ampezzo valley (Veneto, Italy), part of the Dolomites UNESCO World Heritage list. The mudslide is 3.5 km
long, stretching from 1750 to 1300 m a.s.l., and is located in a highly antrophized area where is damaging some
buildings and a national road with its almost continuous movements. In fact, from year 2008, GNSS surveys
recorded rates of displacements reaching 1.2 m/year in the most active parts of the landslide; the movements occur
on a slip surfaces are located between 20 and 50 m below the surface. From the borecores some wooden samples
were extracted allowing to reconstruct the sequence of events that led to the development of the present-day Mortisa
slope. Interdigitated layers of gravel in a silty clay matrix originated from subsequent earth and debris flows events
since the Lateglacial compose the landslide body, a condition that is particularly apt to be investigated with BoSG.
A BoSG run for the Mortisa landslide was performed calculating 1200 soil configurations and using laboratory
test parameters for the silty-clay matrix. The results were stacked in a tridimensional matrix in order to calculate
the mean and the standard deviation (SD) of displacements for each element of the model mesh. In this way maps
of the SD and of the mean values were generated. The SD map indicates the best location for additional boreholes
since the uncertainty on the dynamic of the whole landslide would be greatly reduced by knowing the local soil
distribution in key areas. The mean map is a control of expected deformation and it can be useful in the estimation
of the life span of an inclinometer in specific locations.
The possibility to determine the areas where further soil investigations would be more significant could be a useful
tool for both researchers and practitioners. The results of new investigations could be then used to update the
stratigraphy for a further BoSG run in the framework of Bayesian updating techniques.
Connectivity patterns as an informative layer to investigate geomorphological processes_ the Ganderberg landslide case study (Eastern Italian Alps)
Giulia Bossi; Stefano Crema; Marco Cavalli; Gianluca Marcato; Alessandro Pasuto, 2016, Connectivity patterns as an informative layer to investigate geomorphological processes_ the Ganderberg landslide case study (Eastern Italian Alps),
INTERPRAEVENT 2016, pp. 188–189, Lucerna, 30 maggio - 2 giugno 2016,
Abstract
Sediment connectivity index is usually applied to
quantify sediment dynamics in alpine catchments.
In this work a ...
Sediment connectivity index is usually applied to
quantify sediment dynamics in alpine catchments.
In this work a different use of
the connectivity index map as an informative layer
to detect geomorphological features and processes
is presented.
Capabilities of Continuous and Discontinuous Modelling of a Complex, Structurally Controlled Landslide
Bossi G., Zabuski L., Pasuto A., Marcato G., 2016, Capabilities of Continuous and Discontinuous Modelling of a Complex, Structurally Controlled Landslide,
Geotechnical and geological engineering (2016): 1–10. doi_10.1007/s10706-016-0057-z,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10706-016-0057-z
Abstract
In order to assess the stability of a landslide, continuous or discontinuous models have been ...
In order to assess the stability of a landslide, continuous or discontinuous models have been proposed. Here, we compare the two methods in their capability to provide a reliable hazard assessment. Both models have been applied to long term monitoring data obtained from a landslide located in Passo della Morte (eastern Italian Alps). The availability of accurate data obtained in a long-term campaign is a pre-requisite to correctly understand the dynamics of the process and to implement a sound numerical model. First, a detailed geological investigation located the different soil layers and rock formations with their distribution along the slope, allowing the identification of the structural controls of the unstable rock mass. Then, landslide long term monitoring data provided information on the type of failure mechanism.
Both the continuous and discontinuous numerical solutions describe the kinematics for the landslide and allow to delineate a hazard assessment for the investigated area. The continuous model is better in delineating the development of the deep slip surface while the discontinuous allows to recreate the toppling phenomenon.
Crowdsourcing with mobile techniques for crisis support
Simone Frigerio
Luca Schenato, 2016, Crowdsourcing with mobile techniques for crisis support,
PeerJ Computer Science (2016). doi_10.7287/peerj.preprints.2274v1,
DOI: 10.7287%2Fpeerj.preprints.2274v1
Abstract
Within natural processes responsibilities from central authorities to local levels as first actors of civil ...
Within natural processes responsibilities from central authorities to local levels as first actors of civil protection is a changing pattern. Prevention and preparedness are long-term goals in natural hazards, based on capacities of professional volunteers, and awareness of the citizens as local inhabitants. MAppERS is based on human role as "crowd-sourced mappers" through mobiles application. The feedback from testing and the training courses aim to raising participation in a networked disaster response. The aim is designing and testing an app for mobile with a real-time dashboard platform for public citizens and volunteers of civil protection. Two pilot sites, including trainings on modules fixing, control usability and quality of the product. The synchronized platform offers the activity of cloud data collection with a central data dashboard. A first context of floods processes gathers data in simulations, with crowdsourcing achievement from local population, for proper awareness and long-term preparedness. A second context tests pre-emergency actions on field with rescue team, collecting state-of-art and condition of hazards.
Evaluating the spatial uncertainty in the modelling of landlides_ The Boolean Stochastic Generation (BoSG) method
Giulia Bossi, 2016, Evaluating the spatial uncertainty in the modelling of landlides_ The Boolean Stochastic Generation (BoSG) method,
12th International Symposium on Landslides, pp. 491–495, Napoli, 12-19 giugno 2016,
Abstract
In common practice, when designing a geotechnical model ...
In common practice, when designing a geotechnical model of a landslide, some stratigraphic details are usually discarded in order to simplify the problem. This approach is supported by the hypothesis that the significance of the results of the model would not be affected, besides additional uncertainty associat-ed with the thickness and lateral extent of these minor strata is avoided. In this work a new method called Boolean Stochastic Generation (BoSG) which relies on a Monte Carlo generation of numerous soil layers dis-tributions following a Boolean logic (the material is either matrix or layer) is associated with the Point Esti-mate Method. This association allows to determine the influence of thevariation of the soilparameters of the matrix materialin theBoSG runs. The Mortisa landslide was selected ascase study as it shows a soil compo-sition particularly suitable for BoSG_ gravel lenses interdigitated in a silty-clay matrix. Results show that the bigger is the difference between matrix and layer properties, the greater is the influence of more resistant lay-ers as they are intercepted by the plastic deformation.Moreover, studying the distribution of the uncertainty along the slope may help to indicate where to perform a secondary investigation campaign.
Runout DF – Applicativo Matlab versione 1.0
Crema S., Cavalli M., Marchi L., 2016, Runout DF – Applicativo Matlab versione 1.0,
2016,
Abstract
Tool open source per il calcolo della distanza di arresto di una colata detritica su ...
Tool open source per il calcolo della distanza di arresto di una colata detritica su base morfometrica.
Procedura DF – ArcGIS 10.3 Toolbox versione 1.0
Cavalli M., Crema S., Marchi L., 2016, Procedura DF – ArcGIS 10.3 Toolbox versione 1.0,
2016,
Abstract
Tool per la caratterizzazione del reticolo sintetico in base alla propensione all'innesco e alla propagazione ...
Tool per la caratterizzazione del reticolo sintetico in base alla propensione all'innesco e alla propagazione di colate detritiche in ArcGIS.
Channel widening during extreme floods_ how to integrate it within river corridor planning ?
Comiti F., Righini M., Nardi L., Lucia V., Amponsah W., Cavalli M., Surian N., Marchi L., Rinaldi M., Borga M., 2016, Channel widening during extreme floods_ how to integrate it within river corridor planning ?,
INTERPRAEVENT 2016, pp. 477–486, Lucerna (Svizzera), 30/05-02/06/2016,
Abstract
Channel widening taking place during large flood events can be substantial in mountain
rivers, with consequent ...
Channel widening taking place during large flood events can be substantial in mountain
rivers, with consequent great potential damages to infrastructures and buildings. The purpose
of this work is twofold_ i) to provide a quantitative assessment of geomorphic effects of an
extreme flood event (recurrence interval > 100 years); ii) to test on this study case a new
hydromorphological methodological framework (IDRAIM) developed to guide river corridor
planning and management.
As to the first objective, field surveys were integrated with remote sensing, GIS and statistical
analyses for a flood event occurred in 2011 in Northwestern Italy. Channel widening ratios
(width after / width before the flood) were calculated and then correlated with different
controlling factors, and envelope relationships were then obtained.
The tool of the IDRAIM framework used for the second objective was the Event Dynamics
Classification (EDC) applied to selected study reaches, whose widening ratios turned out to
correspond well with the EDC classes.
Based on the results obtained, a practical procedure for predicting the expected widening is
finally proposed.
Topography-based flow-directional roughness_ Potential and challenges
Trevisani S.; Cavalli M., 2016, Topography-based flow-directional roughness_ Potential and challenges,
Earth Surface Dynamics 4 (2016): 343–358. doi_10.5194/esurf-4-343-2016,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fesurf-4-343-2016
Abstract
Surface texture analysis applied to high-resolution digital terrain models (HRDTMs) is a promising approach for ...
Surface texture analysis applied to high-resolution digital terrain models (HRDTMs) is a promising approach for extracting useful fine-scale morphological information. Surface roughness, considered here as a synonym of surface texture, can have a discriminant role in the detection of different geomorphic processes and factors. Very often, the local morphology presents, at different scales, anisotropic characteristics that could be taken into account when calculating or measuring surface roughness. The high morphological detail of HRDTMs permits the description of different aspects of surface roughness, beyond an evaluation limited to isotropic measures of surface roughness. The generalization of the concept of roughness implies the need to refer to a family of specific roughness indices capable of capturing specific multiscale and anisotropic aspects of surface morphology. An interesting set of roughness indices is represented by directional measures of roughness that can be meaningful in the context of analyzed and modeled flow processes. Accordingly, we test the application of a flow-oriented directional measure of roughness based on the geostatistical bivariate index MAD (median of absolute directional differences), which is computed considering surface gravity-driven flow direction. MAD is derived from a modification of a variogram and is specifically designed for the geomorphometric analysis of HRDTMs. The presented approach shows the potential impact of considering directionality in the calculation of roughness indices. The results demonstrate that the use of flow-directional roughness can improve geomorphometric modeling (e.g., sediment connectivity and surface texture modeling) and the interpretation of landscape morphology.
Investigations on alluvial deposits through borehole stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating and passive seismic technique (Carnic Alps, NE Italy)
Viero A., Marchi L., Cavalli M., Crema S., Fontana A., Mozzi P., Venturini C., 2016, Investigations on alluvial deposits through borehole stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating and passive seismic technique (Carnic Alps, NE Italy),
European Geosciences Union - General Assembly 2016, Vienna (Austria), 17-22 aprile 2016,
Abstract
Alluvial sediment investigations provide fundamental tools to infer the processes that control geomorphological
evolution of mountain ...
Alluvial sediment investigations provide fundamental tools to infer the processes that control geomorphological
evolution of mountain environments. By analyzing sediment stratigraphy in depth, it is possible to retrieve the
source, the geology, the time of deposition, the relative distance travelled by material as well as to distinguish
among different type of transport (i.e., gravitational, fluvial or glacial).
In this work, we present a combination of log stratigraphy, radiocarbon dating and geophysical surveys carried out
on the valley floor of the But River (Carnic Alps, North East Italy). The But River basin drains an area of 326 km2
with a range in elevation from 2769 to 323 m a.s.l.; the bedrock mainly consists of carbonates and quartz arenites
with minor inclusions of effusive rocks. After Pleistocene the gravitational deposits from mountain slopes have
impounded the But River several times. In particular, we analyzed a sector of the upper portion of the But valley
close to the confluence of the Moscardo Torrent, frequently affected by debris flows.
A borehole was drilled in the But River floodplain, at the intersection with the Moscardo Torrent alluvial fan,
down to a depth of 80 m. The analysis of the core samples allowed discerning three sedimentary levels rich in clay
and organic materials, which testify the presence of small dam lakes, originated from the Moscardo debris-flow
deposits. Three samples of wood and plant debris were collected from 13, 14 and 23 m of depth, respectively. They
were analyzed through radiocarbon dating in order to determine the age of the lakes and, thus, to infer the activity
of the debris flows building the Moscardo cone. The calibrated ages of the 3 samples are close to the younger limit
of the radiocarbon method indicating a fast aggradation of the valley floor, starting from a period ranging between
1450 - 1632 AD. Historical maps and documents confirm the presence of the lakes until 19th century and they
permit to assess their extent and the maximum depths.
Two passive seismic campaigns were carried out near the borehole site and along the But valley at different elevations.
The aim was to investigate the depth of the buried bedrock and therefore to indirectly characterize the
thickness of alluvial deposits. We calibrated the fundamental frequency of each site by constraining average shear
velocity of the alluvial sediments close to the borehole site with known stratigraphy. Eight HVSR (Horizontal to
Vertical Spectral Ratio, Nakamura, 1989) were carried out, and thus a first sketch of the buried valley floor along
a longitudinal profile of about 5 km was depicted. The values of the derived bedrock depth allow to quantify the
differences in thickness between the alluvial deposits and the Moscardo Torrent fan deposits. This information
helps to address the contribution of the debris-flow processes in damming the upper But River during the last five
centuries.
The results confirm the role of debris-flow deposits from the Moscardo Torrent in shaping the morphology of the
valley floor of But River and show suitability of an integrated approach, encompassing log stratigraphy, geophysical
surveys and analysis of historical documents, for gaining insights on the evolution of alpine valleys
Integrating structural and functional connectivity to characterize sediment dynamics in a small Alpine catchment
Cavalli M., Crema S., Blok M., Lucia A., Comiti F., Marchi L., Keesstra S., 2016, Integrating structural and functional connectivity to characterize sediment dynamics in a small Alpine catchment,
European Geosciences Union - General Assembly 2016, Vienna (Austria), 17-22 Aprile 2016,
Abstract
Sediment connectivity can be regarded as a descriptor of the internal linkages between different landscape ...
Sediment connectivity can be regarded as a descriptor of the internal linkages between different landscape components
within a catchment. The recent focus of the scientific community on connectivity related topics, both
concerning hydrological and sediment connectivity, stresses the importance of understanding the main active pathways
for a better estimation of energy and matter transfer at catchment scale. This task can be addressed using
topography-based indices that analyse the linkages between landscape units. This approach to characterize connectivity
is known as structural connectivity. The main limitation of structural connectivity is that it does not
account for the processes driving sediment and energy fluxes (i.e., functional connectivity).
In this work the integration between structural and functional approaches is proposed for characterizing sediment
connectivity in mountain catchments. The structural approach, based on a topography-based sediment connectivity
index, was used for assessing hillslope-to-channel connectivity. Since field data on processes driving sediment
transport along the channel network are available, a functional approach has been devised to estimate withinchannel
connectivity. An index of unit stream power computed from the hydraulic properties of the channel (i.e.,
discharge, slope and channel width) has been compared with the critical unit stream power computed from incipient
motion thresholds derived from field data to identify the cells of the Digital Terrain Model (DTM) in which
sediment can be mobilized under near-bankfull conditions. The index expressing the within-channel connectivity
is given by the length of the reaches consisting of contiguous cells that exceed the critical unit stream power.
During high-magnitude floods, when unit stream power values exceed the threshold for incipient motion, channels
experience an increase in both hydrological and sediment connectivity. The proposed index characterizes those
sections of the channel network that are effectively connected under near-bankfull conditions. The model has been
developed and tested in a small mountain catchment in the Italian Alps (Strimm catchment, 8.42 km2
) in which a
high-resolution DTM and monitored discharge and sediment transport data are available. The integration between
structural and functional indices of sediment connectivity has permitted characterizing the spatial pattern of sediment
connectivity on the hillslope and pointing out potential sites for sediment erosion, entrainment and deposition
along the main channel network. This combined approach represents a new development of the index of connectivity
considering sediment transport process along the channel network, with the only limitation related to field
data availability. However, further testing is required to validate the index in order apply it to other catchments.
Integration of semi-automatic detection and sediment connectivity assessment for the characterization of sediment source areas in mountain catchments
Crema S., Bossi G., Marchi L., Cavalli M.,, 2016, Integration of semi-automatic detection and sediment connectivity assessment for the characterization of sediment source areas in mountain catchments,
European Geosciences Union - General Assembly 2016, Vienna (Austria), 17-22 aprile 2016,
Abstract
Identifying areas that are directly delivering sediment to the channel network or to a catchment ...
Identifying areas that are directly delivering sediment to the channel network or to a catchment outlet is of great importance for a sound sediment dynamic characterization and for assessing sediment budget.
We present an integration of remote sensing analysis techniques to characterize the effective sediment contributing area that is the sub-portion of the catchment in which sediment is effectively routed towards the catchment outlet.
A semi-automatic mapping of active sediment source areas is carried out via image analysis techniques. To this purpose, satellite multispectral images and aerial orthophotos are considered for the analysis. Several algorithms for features extraction are applied and the maps obtained are compared with an expert-based sediment source mapping derived from photointerpretation and field surveys. The image-based analysis is additionally integrated with a topography-driven filtering procedure. Thanks to the availability of High-Resolution, LiDAR-derived Digital Terrain Models, it is possible to work at a fine scale and to compute morphometric parameters (e.g., slope, roughness, curvature) suitable for refining the image analysis. In particular, information on local topography was integrated with the image-based analysis to discriminate between rocky outcrops and sediment sources, thus improving the overall consistency of the procedure.
The sediment source areas are then combined with the output of a connectivity assessment. A topography-based index of sediment connectivity is computed for the analyzed areas in order to better estimate the effective sediment contributing area and to obtain a ranking of the source areas in the studied catchments.
The study methods have been applied in catchments of the Eastern Italian Alps where a detailed census of sediment source areas is available. The comparison of the results of image analysis with expert-based sediment sources mapping shows a satisfactory agreement between the two approaches. Furthermore, the integration with sediment connectivity maps permitted a first fast assessment of effectively connected sediment source areas. This valuable information could enable land managers to focus on the most active geomorphic paths at catchmentregional scale
Effect of DEM resolution and comparison between different weighting factors for hydrologic connectivity index
Cantreul V., Cavalli M., Degré A., 2016, Effect of DEM resolution and comparison between different weighting factors for hydrologic connectivity index,
European Geosciences Union - General Assembly 2016, Vienna (Austria), 17-22 Aprile 2016,
Abstract
The emerging concept of hydrological connectivity is difficult to quantify. Some indices have been proposed. ...
The emerging concept of hydrological connectivity is difficult to quantify. Some indices have been proposed. The
most cited is Borselli's one. It mainly uses the DEM as input. The pixel size may strongly impacts the result of
the calculation. It has not been studied yet in silty areas. Another important aspect is the choice of the weighting
factor which strongly influences the index value. The objective of this poster is so to compare 8 different DEM's
resolutions (12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 204, 504 and 996cm) and 3 different weighting factors (factor C of Wischmeier,
Manning's factor and rugosity index) in the Borselli's index calculation. The IC was calculated in a 124ha
catchment (Hevillers), in the loess belt, in Belgium. The DEM used is coming from a UAV with a maximum
resolution of 12 cm. Permanent covered surfaces are not considered in order to avoid artefact due to the vegetation
(2% of the surface).
Regarding the DEM pixel size, the IC increases for a given pixel when the pixel size decreases. That confirms
some results observed in the Alpine region by Cavalli (2014). The mean difference between 12 cm and 10 m
resolution is 35% with higher values up to 100% for higher connectivity zones (flow paths). Another result is
the lower impact of connections in the watershed (grass strips. . . ) at lower pixel sizes. This is linked to the small
width of some connections which are sometimes comparing to cell size. Furthermore, a great loss of precision is
observed from the 500 cm pixel size and upper. That remark is quite intuitive. Finally, some very well disconnected
zones appear for the highest resolutions.
Regarding the weighting factor, IC values calculated using C factor are lower than with the rugosity index which
is only a topographic factor. With very high resolution DEM, it permits to represent the fine topography. For the C
factor, the zones up to very well disconnected areas (grass strips, wood. . . ) are well represented with lower index
values than downstream zones. On the contrary, areas up to very well connected zones (roads, paths. . . ) are higher
and much more connected than downstream areas. For the Manning's factor, the values are very low and not very
well contrasted. This factor is not enough discriminant for this study.
In conclusion, high resolution DEM (1 meter or higher) is needed for the IC calculation (precison, impact
of connections. . . ). Very high resolution permits to identify very well disconnected areas but it multiplies the
calculation time. For the weighting factor, rugosity index and C factor have each some advantages. It is planned to
test other approaches for the IC calculation.
Stakeholder analysis of perceived relevance of connectivity – the implication to your research.
Smetanova A., Müller E.N., Fernández-Getino A.P., Marqués M.J., Vericat D., Dugodan R., Kapovic M., Ljusa , Ferreira C. S., Cavalli M., Marttila H., Broja M. E. L., Swieechowicz J., Zumr D., and the Connecteur expert Team, 2016, Stakeholder analysis of perceived relevance of connectivity – the implication to your research.,
European Geosciences Union - General Assembly 2016, Vienna (Austria), 17-22 Aprile 2016,
Abstract
Effectively communicated connectivity research is inevitable for targeting the real world connectivity issues, the
land and ...
Effectively communicated connectivity research is inevitable for targeting the real world connectivity issues, the
land and water managers - stakeholders, deal with every day. The understanding of stakeholder's perception of
connectivity and the usage of the connectivity concept in their work (both theoretically and practically), are the
pre-requisites for successful dialogue between scientist and the end-users of the scientific advancements, that is one
of the goals of the COST Action ES1306_ Connecting European connectivity research (Connecteur). The contribution
presents the results of a questionnaire survey on stakeholders perception of connectivity from 20 European
countries. Potential stakeholders on local/ regional and national level, in agriculture, water and land management,
or cross-sectoral management authorities, were identified and interviewed in their native language by 29 members
of the Connecteur network. Semi-structured interviews consisted of mix of 20 opened, multiple-choice and closed
questions. They focused on the context the stakeholders' work, the management issues they deal with, the sources
and type of data their use, their collaborative network in relation to management, understanding of connectivity and
their expectation on connectivity research. Semi-qualitative analysis was applied to the final datasets of 85 questionnaires
in order to (i) understand the stakeholders mental models and perception of connectivity,(ii) to identify
the management issues where immediate scientific cooperation is required and / or demanded, and (iii) to identify
the tools to represent connectivity that would accepted and implemented by the practitioners. Direct implications
for the experts in different domains of the connectivity research, including (i) its theoretical conceptualisation, (ii)
measurements, (iii) modelling, (iv) connectivity indices and (v)communication, are presented.
Following members of the Connecteur expert team are acknowledged for conducting interview with a stakeholder_
Charles Bielders (Catholic University Louvain, Belgium), Frédéric Darboux (Department of Soil Science Orléans,
INRA, France), Dragana Dordevic (Centre of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Serbia), Tobias Heckmann
(Catholic University of Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, Germany), Anna Kidová (Institute of Geography, Slovak Academy
of Sciences, Slovakia), Tobias Krüger (Integrative Research Institute on Transformations of Human-Environment
Systems, Humboldt University, Germany), Carly Maynard (Department of Geography and the Lived Environment,
University of Edinburgh, UK), Eva Mockler, (School of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering , University
College Dublin, Ireland), Tony Parsons, (Department of Geography, University Sheffield, UK), Thorunn
Petursdottir (RECARE, Soil Conservation Service of Iceland, Iceland), Ronald Pöppel (Institute of Geography and
Regional Research, University Vienna, Austria), Jerzy Rejman (Institute of Agronomy, Polish Academy of Sciences,
Poland), Jose López-Tarazón (Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Potsdam, Germany),
Sophie Tindale (Department of Geography, University, Durham, UK), Brigitta Tóth (Department of Crop
Production and Soil Sciences, Pannonian University, Hungary) and Marco Vainu (Institute of Ecology, Tallinn
University, Estonia).
The project was supported by COST-STSM-ECOST-STSM-ES1306-011215-063624.
Adaptation of Sediment Connectivity Index for Swedish catchments and application for flood prediction of roads
Cantone C., Kalantari Z., Cavalli M., Crema S., 2016, Adaptation of Sediment Connectivity Index for Swedish catchments and application for flood prediction of roads,
European Geosciences Union - General Assembly 2016, Vienna (Austria), 17-22 Aprile 2016,
Abstract
Climate changes are predicted to increase precipitation intensities and occurrence of extreme rainfall events in
the ...
Climate changes are predicted to increase precipitation intensities and occurrence of extreme rainfall events in
the near future. Scandinavia has been identified as one of the most sensitive regions in Europe to such changes;
therefore, an increase in the risk for flooding, landslides and soil erosion is to be expected also in Sweden. An
increase in the occurrence of extreme weather events will impose greater strain on the built environment and major
transport infrastructures such as roads and railways.
This research aimed to identify the risk of flooding at the road-stream intersections, crucial locations where water
and debris can accumulate and cause failures of the existing drainage facilities. Two regions in southwest of Sweden
affected by an extreme rainfall event in August 2014, were used for calibrating and testing a statistical flood
prediction model. A set of Physical Catchment Descriptors (PCDs) including road and catchment characteristics
was identified for the modelling. Moreover, a GIS-based topographic Index of Sediment Connectivity (IC) was
used as PCD.
The novelty of this study relies on the adaptation of IC for describing sediment connectivity in lowland areas
taking into account contribution of soil type, land use and different patterns of precipitation during the event. A
weighting factor for IC was calculated by estimating runoff calculated with SCS Curve Number method, assuming
a constant value of precipitation for a given time period, corresponding to the critical event. The Digital Elevation
Model of the study site was reconditioned at the drainage facilities locations to consider the real flow path in
the analysis. These modifications led to highlight the role of rainfall patterns and surface runoff for modelling
sediment delivery in lowland areas. Moreover, it was observed that integrating IC into the statistic prediction
model increased its accuracy and performance. After the calibration procedure in one of the study areas, the model
was validated in the other study area, located in the central part of Sweden, since this experienced flooding in
relation to the same triggering event.
Understanding the relationship between sediment connectivity and spatio-temporal landscape changes in two small catchments
Persichillo M. G., Meisina C., Cavalli M., Crema S., Bordoni M., 2016, Understanding the relationship between sediment connectivity and spatio-temporal landscape changes in two small catchments,
European Geosciences Union - General Assembly 2015, Vienna (Austria), 17-22 Aprile 2016,
Abstract
The degree of linkage between the sediments sources and downstream areas (i.e. sediment connectivity) is ...
The degree of linkage between the sediments sources and downstream areas (i.e. sediment connectivity) is one of
the most important properties controlling landscape evolution.
Many factors have been found to affect sediment connectivity, especially at the catchment scale. In particular, the
degree of linkage between different areas within a catchment depends largely on the morphological complexity of
the catchment (relief, terrain roughness, stream network density and catchment shape) and the combined effects
of vegetation, such as land use changes and land abandonment. Moreover, the analysis of the spatial distribution
of sediment connectivity and its temporal evolution can be also useful for the characterization of sediment source
areas. Specifically, these areas represent sites of instability and their connectivity influences the probability that a
local on-site effect could propagate within a multiple-events feedback system.
Within this framework, the aim of this study is to apply a geomorphometric approach to analyze the linkage
between landscape complexity and the sediment connectivity at the catchment scale. Moreover, to assess sediment
delivery, the index of connectivity (IC) proposed by Cavalli et al. (2013) was used to evaluate the potential
connection of sediment source areas with the main channel network.
To better understand the relationship between morphological complexity of the catchment's landscape and the
sediment spatial distribution and mobilization, two catchments with different size and geomorphological and
land use characteristics were analysed_ the Rio Frate and Versa catchments (Oltrepo Pavese, Southern Lombardy,
Italy). Several shallow landslides, which represents the main sediment source area type in the catchments, were
triggered especially in the period from 2009 to 2013. Moreover, relevant modification of land use and drainage
system during last decades, especially related to land abandonment, have conditioned the sediment connectivity of
these two catchments.
To analyse these different aspects, IC was applied by using different stream networks densities. This allowed to investigate
the sediment connectivity changes according to different landscape settings. Moreover, a multi-temporal,
land-use change analysis was carried out to evaluate its role on the sediment dynamics.
Finally, a sediment delivery assessment was performed. Shallow landslides inventories, with the identification
of extent, location and typology of landslides phenomena, were used to better characterize the sediment supply
to the channel network. This analysis represents an important step toward the realization of a useful tool for the
improvement of sediment management strategies.
Multi-temporal analysis of sediment source areas and sediment connectivity in the Rio Cordon catchment (Dolomites)
Cavalli, Marco; Tarolli, Paolo; Dalla Fontana, Giancarlo; Marchi, Lorenzo, 2016, Multi-temporal analysis of sediment source areas and sediment connectivity in the Rio Cordon catchment (Dolomites),
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 39 (2016): 27–30. doi_10.3301/ROL.2016.39,
Abstract
In this study, two sediment source inventories produced in 1994 and 2006 have been compared ...
In this study, two sediment source inventories produced in 1994 and 2006 have been compared and an analysis of sediment connectivity has been carried out in a 5 km2 headwater catchment (Rio Cordon catchment, Eastern Italian Alps). The 2006 sediment sources inventory was produced through an integrated approach encompassing field survey and interpretation of geomorphometric parameters (i.e., openness, surface roughness and wetness index) computed on a LiDAR-derived 1-m resolution DTM. The 2006 inventory aimed at updating a sediment source dataset dating back to 1994, which had been implemented by means of traditional techniques, i.e., field survey and interpretation of aerial photographs. Moreover, a topography-based index of connectivity (Cavalli et al., 2013) has been applied in order to evaluate the potential connection of 2006 sediment source areas with regard to the channel network. The analysis indicates that using a geomorphometric approach based on highresolution LiDAR DTM in combination with field survey helps obtaining reliable and detailed sediment sources inventory and improving sediment delivery assessment.
Data fusion for dissemination_ web applications for the visualization of monitoring data
Bossi G., Schenato L., Marcato G., 2016, Data fusion for dissemination_ web applications for the visualization of monitoring data,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 39 (2016): 31–34. doi_10.3301/ROL.2016.40,
Abstract
A monitoring system with an integrated web platform that has been
installed to control the deformations ...
A monitoring system with an integrated web platform that has been
installed to control the deformations of a road tunnel that intersects a block
slide is presented.
The system has been implemented in order to be redundant, scalable
and providing the possibility to integrate different types of sensors. In fact,
due to the importance of the monitored infrastructure the system needed to
be extremely robust and reliable.
The web platform has been designed focusing on the usability that is
the ease of use and learnability. In fact, when monitoring a landslide or a
structure, displacements are one of the main measured quantities.
However, collected data are usually difficult to communicate with the
classic displacements vs time graphs to local authorities and to the public.
An automatically generated heat maps is available on the platform and the
fact that the most active areas are identified with a reddish color while
lesser movements are indicated in yellow uses a well-known
communication code that helps understanding the dynamic of the process
in a more intuitive way. On the other hand the possibility to have a single
image available on the web to every person involved in the project helps
the dissemination of results and confrontation creating an accessible
common ground in the emergency phase.
An integrated approach for investigating geomorphic response to extreme events_ Methodological framework and application to the October 2011 flood in the Magra River catchment, Italy
Rinaldi M.; Amponsah W.; Benvenuti M.; Borga M.; Comiti F.; Lucia A.; Marchi L.; Nardi L.; Righini M.; Surian N., 2016, An integrated approach for investigating geomorphic response to extreme events_ Methodological framework and application to the October 2011 flood in the Magra River catchment, Italy,
Earth surface processes and landforms (Online) 41 (2016): 835–846. doi_10.1002/esp.3902,
DOI: 10.1002%2Fesp.3902
Abstract
A high-magnitude flash flood, which took place on 25 October 2011 in the Magra River ...
A high-magnitude flash flood, which took place on 25 October 2011 in the Magra River catchment (1717km2),
central-northern Italy, is used to illustrate some aspects of the geomorphic response to the flood. An overall methodological framework
is described for using interlinked observations and analyses of the geomorphic impacts of an extreme event.
The following methods and analyses were carried out_ (i) hydrological and hydraulic analysis of the event; (ii) sediment delivery by
event landslide mapping; (iii) identification and estimation of wood recruitment, deposition, and budgeting; (iv) interpretation of morphological
processes by analysing fluvial deposits; (v) remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) analysis of channel
width changes.
In response to the high-magnitude hydrological event, a large number of landslides occurred, consisting of earth flows, soil slips,
and translational slides, and a large quantity of wood was recruited, in most part deriving from floodplain erosion caused by bank
retreat and channel widening. The most important impact of the flood event within the valley floor was an impressive widening
of the overall channel bed and the reactivation of wide portions of the pre-event floodplain. Along the investigated (unconfined
or partly confined) streams (total investigated length of 93.5 km), the channel width after the flood was up to about 20 times the
channel width before the event.
The study has shown that a synergic use of different methods and types of evidence provides fundamental information for characterizing
and understanding the geomorphic effects of intense flood events. The prediction of geomorphic response to a flood event is
still challenging and many limitations exist; however a robust geomorphological analysis can contribute to the identification of the
most critical reaches.
Implementing the Boolean Stochastic Generation method on a 3D model of two convergent landslides.
Bossi G., Marcato G., 2016, Implementing the Boolean Stochastic Generation method on a 3D model of two convergent landslides.,
X Convegno dei Giovani Ricercatori di Geologia Applicata, Bolgna, 18-19/02/2016,
Abstract
Il metodo BoSG per la modellizazione 3D di due frane convergenti_ un metodo per quantificare ...
Il metodo BoSG per la modellizazione 3D di due frane convergenti_ un metodo per quantificare l'influenza delle semplificazioni del profilo stratigrafico e verificare che la significatività dei risultati sia garantita
Channel response to extreme floods_ Insights on controlling factors from six mountain rivers in northern Apennines, Italy
Surian, Nicola; Righini, Margherita; Lucía, Ana; Nardi, Laura; Amponsah, William; Amponsah, William; Benvenuti, Marco; Borga, Marco; Cavalli, Marco; Comiti, Francesco; Marchi, Lorenzo; Rinaldi, Massimo; Viero, Alessia, 2016, Channel response to extreme floods_ Insights on controlling factors from six mountain rivers in northern Apennines, Italy,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 272 (2016): 78–91. doi_10.1016/j.geomorph.2016.02.002,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2016.02.002
Abstract
This work addresses the geomorphic response of mountain rivers to extreme floods, exploring the relationships ...
This work addresses the geomorphic response of mountain rivers to extreme floods, exploring the relationships between morphological changes and controlling factors. The research was conducted on six tributaries of the Magra River (northern Apennines, Italy) whose catchments were affected by an extreme flood (estimated recurrence interval. >. 100. years in most of the basins) on 25 October 2011. An integrated approach was deployed to study this flood, including (i) analysis of channel width changes by comparing aerial photographs taken before and after the flood, (ii) estimate of peak discharges in ungauged streams, (iii) detailed mapping of landslides and analysis of their connectivity with the channel network.Channel widening occurred in 35 reaches out of 39. In reaches with channel slope<4% (here defined as nonsteep reaches), average and maximum ratios of post-flood and pre-flood channel width were 5.2 and 19.7 (i.e., channel widened from 4 to 82m), respectively. In steep reaches (slope>=4%), widening was slightly less intense (i.e., average width ratio=3.4, maximum width ratio=9.6). The relationships between the degree of channel widening and seven controlling factors were explored at subreach scale by using multiple regression models. In the steep subreaches characterized by higher confinement, the degree of channel widening (i.e., width ratio) showed relatively strong relationships with cross-sectional stream power, unit stream power (calculated based on pre-flood channel width), and lateral confinement, with coefficients of multiple determination (R 2) ranging between 0.43 and 0.67. The models for the nonsteep subreaches provided a lower explanation of widening variability, with R 2 ranging from 0.30 to 0.38; in these reaches a significant although weak relation was found between the degree of channel widening and the hillslope area supplying sediment to the channels.Results indicate that hydraulic variables alone are not sufficient to satisfactorily explain the channel response to extreme floods, and inclusion of other factors such as lateral confinement is needed to increase explanatory capability of regression models. Concerning hydraulic variables, this study showed that the degree of channel widening is more strongly related to unit stream power calculated based on pre-flood channel width than to cross-sectional stream power and to unit stream power calculated with post-flood channel width. This could suggest that most width changes occurred after the flood peak. Finally, in terms of hazard, it is crucial to document the type and magnitude of channel changes, to identify controlling factors, and most importantly, to develop tools enabling us to predict where major geomorphic changes occur during an extreme flood.
Uso di dati LiDAR aereo e terrestre per la modellazione della dinamica del sedimento
S. Cucchiaro, M. Cavalli, A. De Luca, L. Marchi, F. Cazorzi, 2016, Uso di dati LiDAR aereo e terrestre per la modellazione della dinamica del sedimento,
BIOGRAFIA DI UN'IDEA: L'insegnamento di Salvatore Puglisi e l'attualità delle Sistemazioni Idraulico-Forestali, pp. 27–27, Bari, 8-9/2/2016,
Abstract
La disponibilità di dati topografici e morfometrici ad alta risoluzione non è più un problema, ...
La disponibilità di dati topografici e morfometrici ad alta risoluzione non è più un problema, soprattutto dopo la
diffusa adozione delle tecnologie di rilievo con scansione laser. Tuttavia, a questa abbondanza di dati spesso non fanno
seguito tecniche e procedure adeguate per elaborarli e trasformarli in informazioni utili per la gestione dei bacini
idrografici. Risulta in particolare ancora necessario definire strategie universali e protocolli condivisi per attuare la
fusione dei dati provenienti da fonti diverse (quali cartografia numerica, scansioni laser, fotogrammetria digitale) per
produrre modelli digitali del terreno (DTM) caratterizzati, oltre che da una altissima risoluzione (inferiore al metro),
anche dalla possibilità di un frequente aggiornamento nelle porzioni interessate dalla dinamica dei processi torrentizi e
di versante. Il lavoro che presentiamo qui è stato finalizzato a valorizzare dati morfometrici ad alta risoluzione raccolti
utilizzando due diverse tecnologie, vale a dire Laser Scanner Aereo (ALS) e Laser Scanner Terrestre (TLS). Le due
diverse tipologie di dato sono state combinate per generare una serie di DTM per valutare gli effetti della costruzione di
una nuova briglia sulla dinamica del sedimento in un piccolo bacino di montagna (Rio Moscardo).
La fusione dei due set di dati ha permesso di generare tre DTM. Il primo DTM (scenario 1, solo dati ALS) descrive
la morfologia prima della costruzione della briglia. Il secondo DTM (scenario 2, a partire dai dati ALS e TLS) descrive
la morfologia subito dopo la costruzione della briglia, quindi senza deposito di detrito a monte. Il terzo DTM (scenario
3, da ALS e TLS, modificato) descrive la morfologia pochi anni dopo la costruzione della briglia, con consistente
deposito di sedimento a monte dell'opera. I tre DTM sono stati utilizzati come base per il calcolo di un indice di
connettività (IC) del sedimento, per valutare come le diverse porzioni del bacino siano collegate alla sezione di chiusura
(target) in termini di trasporto. I risultati mostrano chiaramente la capacità dell'indice proposto nel rappresentare le
variazioni della connettività del sedimento in seguito alla costruzione ed al successivo riempimento di una briglia di
trattenuta. Nella modellizzazione dello scenario 2 la briglia agisce come un "sink", trattenendo il detrito e scollegando
la porzione bacino a monte della diga (15% del bacino) dalla sezione di chiusura. Nello scenario 3, dove, nonostante la
pendenza della zona appena a monte della briglia sia fortemente diminuita a causa di deposito di sedimento, i valori di
IC della porzione di bacino sottesa dalla briglia tornano prossimi a quelli mostrati nello scenario 1, con una decisa
connessione alla sezione di chiusura.
The Boolean Stochastic Generation method – BoSG_ A tool for the analysis of the error associated with the simplification of the stratigraphy in geotechnical models
G. Bossi , L. Borgatti, G. Gottardi, G. Marcato, 2016, The Boolean Stochastic Generation method – BoSG_ A tool for the analysis of the error associated with the simplification of the stratigraphy in geotechnical models,
Engineering geology (Online) 203 (2016): 99–106. doi_10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.08.003,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2015.08.003
Abstract
In geotechnical modelling, some minor stratigraphic features are usually discarded in order to simplify the ...
In geotechnical modelling, some minor stratigraphic features are usually discarded in order to simplify the problem, avoiding to deal with further uncertainties about their position, thickness and lateral extent. The study proposes a new method based on the stochastic generation of different soil layers configurations, following a boolean logic_ the material is either matrix or layer (i.e., gravel lenses in a clay-rich matrix).The method has been called BoSG (Boolean Stochastic Generation). The methodology allows to randomize the presence of a specific material interdigitated in a uniform matrix thus enabling to gather a dataset which could be analysed automatically, in order quantify the error associated with the adopted simplification.
The commercial codes FLAC and FLAC3D were used for the geotechnical modelling. A specifically-coded MatLab program allows to generate randomly the different soil configurations and then to automate the computation with the commercial software in order to maximize the sample number.
In this paper the methodology is applied with reference to a simplified slope in 2D and in 3D. Results show that within a low resistance matrix, the presence of layers with higher friction angle can significantly affect significantly the stability and the displacement pattern of an unstable slope. Therefore, a method to investigate the influence of the spatial distribution of these layers can be particularly useful.
A new data assimilation procedure to develop a debris flow run-out model
L. Brezzi , G. Bossi, F. Gabrieli, G. Marcato, M. Pastor, S. Cola, 2016, A new data assimilation procedure to develop a debris flow run-out model,
Landslides (Berl., Internet) 13 (2016): 1083–1096. doi_10.1007/s10346-015-0625-y,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10346-015-0625-y
Abstract
Parameter calibration is one of the most problematic
phases of numerical modeling since the choice of ...
Parameter calibration is one of the most problematic
phases of numerical modeling since the choice of parameters
affects the model's reliability as far as the physical problems being
studied are concerned. In some cases, laboratory tests or physical
models evaluating model parameters cannot be completed and
other strategies must be adopted; numerical models reproducing
debris flow propagation are one of these. Since scale problems
affect the reproduction of real debris flows in the laboratory or
specific tests used to determine rheological parameters, calibration
is usually carried out by comparing in a subjective way only a few
parameters, such as the heights of soil deposits calculated for some
sections of the debris flows or the distance traveled by the debris
flows using the values detected in situ after an event has occurred.
Since no automatic or objective procedure has as yet been produced,
this paper presents a numerical procedure based on the
application of a statistical algorithm, which makes it possible to
define, without ambiguities, the best parameter set. The procedure
has been applied to a study case for which digital elevation models
of both before and after an important event exist, implicating that
a good database for applying the method was available. Its application
has uncovered insights to better understand debris flows
and related phenomena.
Business Development Support at OFS 2015
Schenato, L., 2015, Business Development Support at OFS 2015,
2015,
Abstract
Questo rapporto contiene i risultati final del contratto di Business Development Support for Optical ...
Questo rapporto contiene i risultati final del contratto di Business Development Support for Optical Phase Interrogator, stipulato tra CNR-IRPI and Avago (sottoposto ad accordo di non divulgazione)
CROWDSOURCING AS HUMAN NETWORK FOR CRISIS AND PREVENTION
FRIGERIO SIMONE, 2015, CROWDSOURCING AS HUMAN NETWORK FOR CRISIS AND PREVENTION,
CROWDSOURCING AS HUMAN NETWORK FOR CRISIS AND PREVENTION, Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Earth and Space Science, Campus Johanneberg, Hörsalsvägen 11,, 20/01/2015,
Abstract
The responsibilities within natural hazards at local/regional levels involve citizens and volunteers as first actors ...
The responsibilities within natural hazards at local/regional levels involve citizens and volunteers as first actors of civil protection and territorial management. The notion of prevention implicates the capacities of professional operators and technical volunteers, however giving priority now to the involvement and awareness of the citizens over the territory they inhabit. Their participation creates context-specific strategies of territorial surveillance and management, extending the realm of risk awareness beyond those that have to bear the impacts with their own lives.
Integration of laser scanning and thermal imaging in monitoring optimization and assessment of rockfall hazard_ a case history in the Carnic Alps (Northeastern Italy)
Teza, Giordano; Marcato, Gianluca; Pasuto, Alessandro; Galgaro, Antonio, 2015, Integration of laser scanning and thermal imaging in monitoring optimization and assessment of rockfall hazard_ a case history in the Carnic Alps (Northeastern Italy),
Natural hazards (Dordr.) 76 (2015): 1535–1549. doi_10.1007/s11069-014-1545-1,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs11069-014-1545-1
Abstract
Rock cliff monitoring to evaluate related rockfall hazard requires a deep knowledge of the geometry ...
Rock cliff monitoring to evaluate related rockfall hazard requires a deep knowledge of the geometry and kinematics of the rock mass and a real-time survey of some key features. If a sedimentary rock system has sloping discontinuity planes, an open joint could become a potential sliding surface and its conditions must be monitored. It is the case of the Passo della Morte landslide (Carnic Alps, Northeastern Italy), where sub-vertical joints exist. Remote sensing techniques such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and infrared thermography (IRT) allow a fast and efficient contactless geometrical and geomechanical examination of a rock mass. Therefore, they can be used to recognize those joints that require monitoring with on-site instrumentation such as extensometers and/or inclinometers, or also acoustic emission sensors, aiding the arrangement of monitoring systems which are generally quite expensive to install. Repeated IRT surveys would provide useful information about the evolution of unstable slopes, thus suggesting how the on-site monitoring system could be improved. Moreover, data gathered by TLS and IRT can be directly used in landslide hazard assessment. In the test site, an open joint was recognized together with a fair joint that could change in the next future. The results were validated by means of extensometer data.
MappERS-C and MappERS-V. The crowd source for prevention and crisis support
Simone Frigerio (1), Luca Schenato (1), Chiara Bianchizza (2), and Daniele Del Bianco (2)
(1) CNR-IRPI, Padova, Padova, Italy (simone.frigerio@irpi.cnr.it), (2) ISIG, Gorizia, Italy, 2015, MappERS-C and MappERS-V. The crowd source for prevention and crisis support,
European Geosciences Union - general assembly 2015, Vienna, 12-17 April 2015,
Abstract
The responsibilities within natural hazards at local/regional levels involve citizens and volunteers as first actors ...
The responsibilities within natural hazards at local/regional levels involve citizens and volunteers as first actors of civil protection and territorial management. The prevention implicates the capacities of professional operators and technical volunteers, but the priority implies now the involvement and awareness of the citizens over the territory they inhabit. The involvement of population creates context-specific strategies of territorial surveillance and management, skipping the limit to face risks only when they have to bear impacts on their lives. MAppERS (Mobile Application for Emergency Response and Support) is a EU project (funded under programme 2013-2015 Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection, ECHO A5) which empowers "crowd-sourced mappers" through smart phone applications and sensors, with geo-tagged information, detailed gathered parameters, field-check survey in a contest of geospatial response. The process of development includes feedback from citizens, involving them in training courses on the monitoring as long term objective (raising public awareness and participation). The project deals with the development and testing of the smart phone applications (module MAppERS-V for volunteers, module MAppERS-C for citizens) according to Android SDK environment. A first research described a desk-based investigation on consequences of disasters impacts and costs of prevention strategies in pilot countries. Furthermore a review of state-of-the-art of database management systems (DBMS) in pilot countries and involvement of volunteers/citizens in data collection/monitoring collected basic info on data structure for the development. A desk-based research proposed communication methods/graphic solutions within mobile technologies for disaster management in pilot countries and available smartphone applications linked to centralized web/server database. A technical review is compulsory for a useful design-line for MappERS development, and it is linked with on-site feedback about volounteers and citizens needs within pilot groups activities. The app modules will be later re-designed according to the methodological and technical feedback gained during pilot study. Training curricula for citizens are planned to increase awareness, skills on smart phone utilities and efficient jargon for hazard contest. The expected results are_ a) an easy-to-use interface for "human-data" in crisis support, b) a maximised utility of peer-produced data gathering, c) the development of human resources as technical tools d) a self-based awareness improvement.
MAppERS for crowdsourcing. Citizens and volounteers as human sensors
Frigerio Simone, 2015, MAppERS for crowdsourcing. Citizens and volounteers as human sensors,
Geomatics Workbooks n° 12 - "FOSS4G Europe Como 2015", FOSS4G Europe, Como 2015,
Abstract
MappERS1
(Mobile Application for Emergency Response and Support) is a EU
project funded under programme 2013-2015 ...
MappERS1
(Mobile Application for Emergency Response and Support) is a EU
project funded under programme 2013-2015 Humanitarian Aid and Civil
Protection, ECHO A5. The project deals with capacity of human sensors towards
smartphone application (SA) in the contest of prevention and crisis support for
natural hazards. Citizens and volunteers are first actors of civil protection and
the crowdsourcing creates local and context-specific strategies of surveillance
and territorial management. The SA splits into module MAppERS-V for
volunteers, and module MAppERS-C for citizens re-designed according to
methodological and logical testing gained during pilot study. People involved in
training and piloting fulfills a long term objective of participation and
crowdsourcing as actors of prevention of hazards, according to the priorities set
by the Hyogo Framework, reducing costs of emergency management and
promoting responsibilisation of the population. Training curricula for citizens
and volounteers will promote awareness, territorial knowledge and specialized
jargon to communicate hazard-relevant information toward smartphone. For a
meaningful SA a review of best practices of information scheme is compulsory.
An analysis on Graphical User Interface (GUI) adopted within SA for natural
hazards offers a baseline of communication scheme for MAppERS frame.
Following Quesenbery (2003) the usability as design principle handles five
components. The efficiency is the speed with which users achieve their goals,
the effectiveness highlights the completeness and accuracy with which users
achieve their goals, the engagement reveals the level to which the style of the
interface makes using the application a pleasing experience. Furthermore the
easiness to learn describe how simple it is to start using the interface, and get
a deeper understanding of its capabilities. The error tolerance finally shows
how the design prevents users from committing errors, and how it helps in
correcting them when they occur. The review strengthened criteria for layout,
navigation, accessibility, icon setup and text guidelines design (Fowler &
Stanwick, 2004; Extron, 2010; Garrett, 2011; Wong, 2011). The development is
proceeding for Android 4.0 onwards, covering 82.6% devices as of today. The
Web Application includes a Cloud Architecture, a Relational Data Base and Web
services, integrated with a Cloud Notification SDK to send push notification.
The Mobile App Android includes an app Skeleton, the communication structure
1 http_//www.mappers.eu/
657
Geomatics Workbooks n° 12 - "FOSS4G Europe Como 2015"
(SMS, Emails and phone calls). The bug-fixing and training will be set during
piloting and the crowdsource becomes a continuous source of development,
testing and updating each smartphone components. The wireframe contains a
screen for registering and login common for both modules. The access and
tools are later split for the two modules. MAppERS-C proposes a Personal Flood
Plan toolkit. Users are citizens, voluntary registered and able to create own set
of prevention measures, sharing geo-located information during critical step
before flooding events. MAppERS-V is a Danger Survey toolkit for rescue crew,
to collect and organize real-time and standardized information for damages
during crisis. The first draft of modules provides options to customize dropdown
lists and sliding tools for end-users, enlarging the quality of the application
based on local experts and witnesses. The expected results are_ a) an easy-touse
interface for "human-data" in crisis management, b) a maximised utility of
peer-produced data gathering, c) the development of human resources as
technical support d) a self-based awareness improvement.
Il coinvolgimento dei cittadini nella gestione del territorio. Il laboratorio del progetto MAppERS
Bianchizza, Chiara; Frigerio, Simone, 2015, Il coinvolgimento dei cittadini nella gestione del territorio. Il laboratorio del progetto MAppERS,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 34 (2015): 110–113. doi_10.33.01/ROL.2015.48,
Abstract
The prevention of hydrogeological emergency and territorial management cannot cope only with technical and structural ...
The prevention of hydrogeological emergency and territorial management cannot cope only with technical and structural defence measures. A safety and sustainable management concerning cost-effective, environmental and social aspect has to consider a daily and continuous involvement of local communities. Risk knowledge and awareness of territory depict solutions of soft mitigation, transforming local inhabitants from vulnerable elements to actors participating of own security within shared territorial areas. Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, Italian National Research Council (CNR-IRPI) and Institute of International Sociology Gorizia (ISIG) arranged a DG ECHO financed project. MAppERS1 (Mobile Applications for Emergency Response and Support) aims to involve citizens and CP volounteers within a complete smartphone app development cycle (design, testing, training and feedback). The expected output is a crowd-sourcing solution based on standardized data collected by human-sensors, like useful system to improve quality on prevention capacity within hydrogeological emergency phases. MAppERS embraces rescue services, local stakeholders agencies with own volounteers added to local trained citizens in pilot areas. Final end-users participate actively in the development cycle, to guarantee a self-based instrument dedicate to their useful requirement. They become mappers of territory as long-term target of community involvement within emergency prevention task. The paper shows methodologies to delineate participation of population in the development cycle as laboratory for future local-based experiences of territorial management.
Linking debris flows and landslides to large floods in Gravel-Bed Rivers
Marchi Lorenzo, 2015, Linking debris flows and landslides to large floods in Gravel-Bed Rivers,
Gravel Bed rivers 8, Kyoto and Takayama (Japan), 14-18 September 2015,
Abstract
Landslides and debris flows are very effective geomorphic agents influencing the evolution of fluvial systems ...
Landslides and debris flows are very effective geomorphic agents influencing the evolution of fluvial systems in mountain catchments. The concurrence of landslides, debris flows and floods urges the development of methods that can cope with multiple hazards resulting from the interactions between these processes. This paper presents examples of relationships between landslides (including debris flows) and floods in gravel-bed rivers_ the occurrence of a large debris flow in a steep gravel-bed channel caused by the failure of landslide dams in an upstream channel reach, the increase of sediment transport following major floods with widespread landslides, the formation and failure of landslide dams and channel blockages caused by debris-flow deposits, and the supply of large wood due to shallow landslides in forested catchments. The methods for predicting landslides and debris flows at different spatial and temporal scales, with a focus on interactions with floods in the main river channels, are briefly described and reviewed. Finally, some research topics that could open valuable prospects for the advancement of research on these topics are mentioned.
Optical fiber sensor for simultaneous measurement of hydrostatic pressure and temperature in soil embankments
Aneesh R., Schenato L., Palmieri L., Pasuto A., Galtarossa A., 2015, Optical fiber sensor for simultaneous measurement of hydrostatic pressure and temperature in soil embankments,
24th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, Curitiba, Brazil, 28 Sept - 2 Oct 2015,
Abstract
An optical fiber sensor for the simultaneous measurement of hydrostatic pressure and temperature in soil ...
An optical fiber sensor for the simultaneous measurement of hydrostatic pressure and temperature in soil embankments is presented. The sensor exploits a dual chambers transduction mechanism and is based on the optical measurement of the differential strain induced in the fiber by temperature and pressure in the two chambers. A prototype has been built and interrogated by means of optical coherent frequency domain reflectometry and the results of a preliminary experimental characterization are presented and discussed. Temperature and pressure sensitivities are approximately -7.1 GHz/°C and -4.4 GHz/kPa, respectively.
Optical Phase Interrogation in Crack Monitoring of Concrete Structures – AVAGO technologies WHITEPAPER
Schenato L., Marcato G., Ahlstedt M., 2015, Optical Phase Interrogation in Crack Monitoring of Concrete Structures – AVAGO technologies WHITEPAPER,
2015,
Abstract
This white paper shows how the OPI (Optical Phase Interrogation) technique can be used to ...
This white paper shows how the OPI (Optical Phase Interrogation) technique can be used to monitor concrete structures for structural integrity. In collaboration with CNR (The National Research Council, Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection, Italy), the field instrumentation of cracks in a mountain tunnel subjected to a landslide was performed. For this purpose, the OPI Development KIT, QFBR-S01EK001Z, with POF (Polymer Optical Fiber) were used.
Fiber Optic Sensor for Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature Measurements in Soil
Schenato L., Rajendran A., Palmieri L., Galtarossa A., Pasuto A., 2015, Fiber Optic Sensor for Hydrostatic Pressure and Temperature Measurements in Soil,
2015 Fotonica AEIT Italian Conference on Photonics Technologies, pp. 1–1, Turin, 6-8 May 2015,
Feasibility of crack monitoring in a road tunnel based on a low cost plastic optical fiber sensor
Schenato L., Bossi G., Marcato G., Dwivedi S., Janse-Van Vuuren D., Ahlstedt M., Pasuto A., 2015, Feasibility of crack monitoring in a road tunnel based on a low cost plastic optical fiber sensor,
24th International Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, Curitiba, Brazil, 28 Sept - 2 Oct 2015,
Abstract
In this work, a low cost optical fiber sensing system for cracks growth monitoring in ...
In this work, a low cost optical fiber sensing system for cracks growth monitoring in the concrete lining of a road tunnel is presented. A plastic optical fiber (POF), with large dynamic strain range, is used for sensing by means of phase measurement of a RF modulated optical signal. Preliminary results suggest that the system represents a viable solution to the aim of crack monitoring.
Landslide susceptibility modeling assisted by persistent scatterers interferometry (PSI): An example from the northwestern coast of malta
Piacentini, Daniela; Devoto, Stefano; Mantovani, Matteo; Pasuto, Alessandro; Prampolini, Mariacristina; Soldati, Mauro, 2015, Landslide susceptibility modeling assisted by persistent scatterers interferometry (PSI): An example from the northwestern coast of malta,
Natural hazards (Dordr.) 78 (2015): 681–697. doi_10.1007/s11069-015-1740-8,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs11069-015-1740-8
Abstract
Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) techniques are widely employed in geosciences to detect and monitor landslides ...
Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) techniques are widely employed in geosciences to detect and monitor landslides with high accuracy over large areas, but they also suffer from physical and technological constraints that restrict their field of application. These limitations prevent us from collecting information from several critical areas within the investigated region. In this paper, we present a novel approach that exploits the results of PSI analysis for the implementation of a statistical model for landslide susceptibility. The attempt is to identify active mass movements by means of PSI and to avoid, as input data, time-/cost-consuming and seldom updated landslide inventories. The study has been performed along the northwestern coast of Malta (central Mediterranean Sea), where the peculiar geological and geomorphological settings favor the occurrence of a series of extensive slow-moving landslides. Most of these consist in rock spreads, evolving into block slides, with large limestone blocks characterized by scarce vegetation and proper inclination, which represent suitable natural radar reflectors for applying PSI. Based on geomorphometric analyses and geomorphological investigations, a series of landslide predisposing factors were selected and a susceptibility map created. The result was validated by means of cross-validation technique, field surveys and global navigation satellite system in situ monitoring activities. The final outcome shows a good reliability and could represent an adequate response to the increasing demand for effective and lowcost tools for landslide susceptibility assessment.
Coupled prediction of flash flood response and debris flow occurrence in an alpine basin
William Amponsah, E.I. Nikolopoulos, Lorenzo Marchi, Roberto Dinale, Francesco Marra, Davide Zoccatelli, Marco Borga, 2015, Coupled prediction of flash flood response and debris flow occurrence in an alpine basin,
EGU General Assembly 2015, Vienna (Austria), 12-17 April 2115,
Data from https://intranet.cnr.it/people/
