Publications
Publications found: 811
Sediment connectivity assessment in a Romanian catchment affected by coal mining
Gabriela Adina Morosanu, Stefano Crema, Marco Cavalli, Philippe Belleudy, Liliana Zaharia, 2018, Sediment connectivity assessment in a Romanian catchment affected by coal mining,
EGU - European Geosciences Union 2018, pp. 13528, Vienna (Austria), 8-13 aprile 2018,
Abstract
Over the recent decades, the interest in assessing the sediment and water connectivity by means ...
Over the recent decades, the interest in assessing the sediment and water connectivity by means of a (more) indepth
sediment dynamics analysis through the topographical metrics has predominantly targeted mountainous
watersheds. Nonetheless, little reflection has been devoted to the role played by the anthropic landforms of the
mining areas in increasing or inhibiting sediment connectivity.
In this research, we strove to understand sediment connectivity in a complex catchment, characterized by specific
hydro-morphological disturbances and processes induced by the coal mining activities. The main objective is to
comprehend the way in which sediment connectivity patterns affect the coupling and decoupling of mining areas
to the rivers, so as to be able to explain the presence of coal traces in the alluviums.
The study focuses on Jiu River basin, the largest Danube tributary in south-western Romania (10,080 km2),
overlapping a large variety of landforms and geologic units_ mountains (Carpathians) in the upper sector, Peri-
Carpathian and piedmont hills in the middle sector, and plain in the lower part of the catchment. Distinguished by
the presence of coal mining areas (hard coal in the mountains and lignite in the piedmont), traces of the two species,
alone or mixed together, can be found in different proportions in the composition of the fine river sediments.
As methodology, in addition to the hydrological and geochemical analysis of the fine sediment yield and sources,
the connectivity index proposed by Cavalli et al. (2013) has been applied to further evaluate the linkages between
upslope and downslope geomorphic components in a number of sub-catchments within Jiu River Basin. To determine
the connectivity between the mining areas and the main rivers, several Digital Elevation Models with spatial
resolutions between 30 and 12.5 m were used. In order to analyze the connectivity between coal strata and sterile
heaps exposed to erosion and landslides during intense rainfall-runoff events basins, some case studies of the lignite
and hard coal-producing sub-catchments (Jil¸t River's, and Western Jiu and Eastern Jiu Rivers' respectively)
have been investigated.
By computing different weighting factors to test the topographical impedance to runoff and sediment mobilization,
the research proved adequate for evaluating the performance of the connectivity index for medium resolution
DTMs of the Jiu River Basin. By comparing the resulting connectivity maps of the mountainous sub-catchments,
the mining areas appeared to be quite well connected to the hydrographical network, explaining the enrichment
of fine sediments with coal, the largest amounts being reported during floods. On the contrary, for the piedmont
sub-basins, with a seemingly disconnecting topography with respect to the receiving rivers, a lower degree of
connectivity was found between the lignite open pit mines and the Jiu River. Finally, it is noteworthy that the lower
sub-catchments do not present very high values of the connectivity index, as the preponderance of the topographic
information in computing the weighting factor does not fully reflect the real sediment connectivity and the way in
which the coal is mobilized during extreme hydro-climatic events.
Analysing lateral sediment connectivity and its connection to the frequency-magnitude reality in the Fiume Fella system, Northern Italy
Shopper N., Poppl R., Mergili M., Cavalli M., Frigerio S., 2018, Analysing lateral sediment connectivity and its connection to the frequency-magnitude reality in the Fiume Fella system, Northern Italy,
EGU 2018, Vienna (Austria), 08-13/04/2018,
Abstract
Connectivity has become a widely used concept to understand and evaluate geomorphic processes in catchment
systems. ...
Connectivity has become a widely used concept to understand and evaluate geomorphic processes in catchment
systems. Multiple methods have been developed and applied all over the world to model connectivity patterns.
These include the Effective Catchment Area (ECA) approach, developed by Fryirs et al. (2007), and the Index
of Connectivity (IC) developed by Borselli et al. (2008) and successively modified by Cavalli et al. (2013). The
main aim of the present study is to test and evaluate pros and cons of the two different connectivity approaches,
i.e. ECA and IC, in an alpine catchment (i.e. Fella River, NE Italy) in the context of debris flow hazards. The
Fella catchment is characterised by steep valley slopes and gullies leading down to settlements and high-level
infrastructure on the valley floor, thus displaying a high number of elements at risk. In 2003, the area has
experienced widespread destruction due to high-magnitude debris-flow events.
The results of the two methods (ECA and IC) show a general agreement, portraying a strong connectivity,
especially in the middle part of the river and the tributaries. Due to the steep slope characterizing the Fella
subcatchments, a lot of direct slope-channel coupling was observed. The analysis further reveals a strong influence
of anthropogenic features, in particular road infrastructure, on the connectivity patterns.
The second part of the study evaluates the effectiveness of the methods employed to represent the patterns of
selected frequency-magnitude events. This will be done by comparing the results to a past study carried out in
the framework of CHANGES EU project evaluating debris flow impact areas at particular frequency-magnitude
events which led to changes in the connectivity patterns of the catchment in terms of bridging disconnected
features and, as a consequence, putting the infrastructures in the valley floor at risk.
Geomorphometric approach for a preliminary debris-flow characterization at the regional scale
Cavalli M., Crema S., Trevisani S., Marchi L., 2018, Geomorphometric approach for a preliminary debris-flow characterization at the regional scale,
EGU 2018, Vienna (Austria), 08-13/04/2018,
Abstract
Debris flows are widespread phenomena in mountain catchments causing major damage when they intersect
transport routes ...
Debris flows are widespread phenomena in mountain catchments causing major damage when they intersect
transport routes or urban areas. The assessment of areas affected by debris flows and their spatial characterization
is thus a major issue in the framework of watershed management.
This work presents a simple and fast semi-automated procedure developed for a regional-scale identification of
debris-flow prone channels and related downstream alluvial fans. The main aim is to develop a low data-demanding
method for a preliminary mapping of potentially debris-flow affected areas at the regional scale to enable priority
ranking of channels and alluvial fans at risk by debris flows.
The methodology is based on a geomorphometric approach that involves the analysis of morphometric parameters
derived from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) for the identification of debris-flow triggering areas and their
kinematic along the channel. Potential initiation sites of debris flows are identified as those exceeding a threshold
identified on a plot of local slope versus contributing area whereas channel reaches corresponding to debris flows
deposition, deceleration and halting conditions are derived from thresholds of local slope. An empirical method,
which considers the traveled distance and the local slope along the channel profile, is used for the computation
of the debris-flow runout. The presence of hydraulic control works (i.e. check dams) along with information on
erosion-resistant bedrock channels and sediment availability are taken into account within the procedure. This
approach has been validated by means of field checks and through its extensive application in the eastern Italian
Alps.
The developed methodology has been implemented in a set of freely-available software tools
(https://github.com/HydrogeomorphologyTools) in order to facilitate its application and further validation in
different environments. Potential and limitations of the method will be also presented.
Temporal structure of debris-flow triggering rainfall derived from high-resolution weather radar estimates
Francesco Marra, Stefano Crema, Marco Borga, 2018, Temporal structure of debris-flow triggering rainfall derived from high-resolution weather radar estimates,
EGU - European Geosciences Union 2018, pp. 10672, Vienna, 8-13 aprile 2018,
Abstract
Due to the scarce representativeness of rain gauges in convective and mountainous environments, typical situations
for ...
Due to the scarce representativeness of rain gauges in convective and mountainous environments, typical situations
for debris flows occurrence, the magnitude and temporal dynamics of debris-flow triggering rainfall are largely
unknown, except for a limited number of cases occurred in well instrumented catchments. Despite this, the common
risk management and research practices rely on rain gauge data. Recent studies shed light on the impact of spatial
rainfall patterns on rain gauge based early warning systems, however, only poor information is yet available on the
temporal structure of the triggering rainfall. We use high-resolution (5 min) corrected and gauge-adjusted weather
radar estimates for 11 storm events occurred in the Eastern Italian Alps, which triggered a total of 99 debris
flows, to (i) quantify the severity of the triggering rainfall on different duration scales, (ii) analyze the fine-scale
temporal structure of the triggering rainfall, and (iii) gain insights on the temporal resolution required to adequately
measure such events. Results from this study show that durations between 30 min to 3 hours are characterized by
longer return periods, with the 1-hour highest burst often contributing >70% of the total rain depth. Moreover,
the amount of rainfall preceding the strongest bursts is often larger than the amount following it. The temporal
autocorrelation of the triggering rainfall decreases sharply, with time-decorrelation distances between 15 and 45
min and rarely exceeding 1 hour. This suggests that at least 15-minute temporal resolutions should be desired to
adequately represent the development of the events.
Integrating high-resolution hydrology and geomorphometry for flash flood characterization
Stefano Crema, Francesco Marra, Andrea Andreoli, Vittoria Scorpio, Christian Kofler, Marco cavalli, Lorenzo Marchi, Marco Borga, Francesco Comiti, 2018, Integrating high-resolution hydrology and geomorphometry for flash flood characterization,
egu 2018, pp. 13142–13142, Vienna, 8-13 aprile 2018,
Abstract
Flash floods represent a major natural hazard whose characterization is usually challenging due to their ...
Flash floods represent a major natural hazard whose characterization is usually challenging due to their rapid temporal
evolution and severe but localized spatial dynamics. Post-event monitoring of flash floods, in fact, represents
still at present a key step in order to improve the assessment of both hazard and vulnerability. In this study, we
integrate a chain of tools for an improved characterization of flash flood dynamics and related slope instability
phenomena, focusing on a flash flood occurred on Aug 5-6 2017 over a 100 km2 alpine catchment of northeastern
Italy. The analyzed dataset encompasses the availability of calibrated radar rainfall, systematic post-event survey
of cross sections, ad hoc post-event LiDAR terrain data and satellite/aerial imagery. The methodological framework
of the hydrological analysis embraces the calibration of a rainfall-runoff model, its downscaling to ungauged
catchments and its cross-validation with field surveys for an estimate of peak discharge and related geomorphic effects.
The application of a morphometric index of sediment connectivity has allowed investigating the topographic
potential for sediment to be routed downstream and to analyze spatial connectivity patterns at high resolution for
all the sub-catchments. The analysis of available (pre and post) satellite and aerial imagery and, above all, the
precious availability of pre and post event high-resolution LiDAR DTMs has permitted the assessment of erosion
and deposition patterns in the study area together with the estimation volume uncertainty. Preliminary results
portray the inner dynamic of the event as characterized by severe spatial and temporal variability and show consistency
between simulated discharge and field surveys. The flood response of analyzed sub-catchments shows as
well important correlation with the spatial patterns of the triggering thunderstorm. Sediment connectivity pattern
has proved to be an important factor controlling the severity of the response at the analyzed catchments. The integration
of geomorphic change detection framework for such event has permitted the volumetric quantification of
the erosional processes phenomena thus enabling the analysis of the relation between both the triggering and the
response quantitative magnitudes.
Multi-temporal analysis of sediment connectivity in Blanco River (Chile)
Martini L., Picco L., Cavalli M., Iroumé A., 2018, Multi-temporal analysis of sediment connectivity in Blanco River (Chile),
5th IAHR Europe Congress -- New Challenges in Hydraulic Research and Engineering, pp. 55–56, Trento, 12-14/06/2018,
Abstract
This work aims at analysing variations in
sediment connectivity induced by
geomorphological changes in a Chilean volcanicimpacted
environment. ...
This work aims at analysing variations in
sediment connectivity induced by
geomorphological changes in a Chilean volcanicimpacted
environment. To this end a multitemporal
analysis has been carried out.
Basin-scale analysis of the geomorphic effectiveness of flash floods_ A study in the northern Apennines (Italy)
Scorpio V.; Crema S.; Marra F.; Righini M.; Ciccarese G.; Borga M.; Cavalli M.; Corsini A.; Marchi L.; Surian N.; Comiti F., 2018, Basin-scale analysis of the geomorphic effectiveness of flash floods_ A study in the northern Apennines (Italy),
Science of the total environment 640-641 (2018): 337–351. doi_10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.252,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2018.05.252
Abstract
[object Object]Large floods may produce remarkable channel changes, which determine damages and casualties in inhabited
areas. ...
[object Object]Large floods may produce remarkable channel changes, which determine damages and casualties in inhabited
areas. However, our knowledge of such processes remains poor, as is our capability to predict them. This study
analyses the geomorphic response of the Nure River (northern Italy) and nine tributaries to a high-magnitude
flood that occurred in September 2015. The adopted multi-disciplinary approach encompassed_
(i) hydrological and hydraulic analysis; (ii) analysis of sediment delivery to the stream network by means of
landslides mapping; (iii) assessment of morphological modifications of the channels, including both channel
width and bed elevation changes.
The spatial distribution of rainfall showed that the largest rainfall amounts occur in the upper portions of the
catchment, with cumulative rainfall reaching 300 mm in 12 h, and recurrence intervals exceeding
100-150 years. The unit peak discharge ranged between 5.2 and 25 m3 s-1 km-2. Channel widening was the
most evident effect. In the tributaries, the ratio between post-flood and pre-flood channel width averaged 3.3,
with a maximum approaching 20. Widening was associated with channel aggradation up to 1.5 m and removal
of riparian vegetation. New islands formed due to the fragmentation of the former floodplain. In the Nure River,
the averagewidth ratio was 1.7, and herewidening occurred mainly at the expenses of islands. Bed level dynamics
in the Nure were varied, including aggradation, incision, and overall stability. The flood geomorphic effectiveness
was more pronounced in the middle-higher portions of the basin. Planimetric and elevation changes were
well correlated. Regression analysis of the relationship betweenwidening and morphological/ hydraulic controlling
factors indicated that unit stream power and confinement index were the most relevant variables.
The study provides useful insights for river management, especially with regard to the proportion of the valley
floor subject to erosion and/or deposition during large events.
Coupled prediction of flash flood response and debris flow occurrence_ Application on an alpine extreme flood event
Destro, Elisa; Amponsah, William; Amponsah, William; Nikolopoulos, Efthymios I.; Marchi, Lorenzo; Marra, Francesco; Zoccatelli, Davide; Borga, Marco, 2018, Coupled prediction of flash flood response and debris flow occurrence_ Application on an alpine extreme flood event,
Journal of hydrology (Amst.) 558 (2018): 225–237. doi_10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.01.021,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2018.01.021
Abstract
The concurrence of flash floods and debris flows is of particular concern, because it may ...
The concurrence of flash floods and debris flows is of particular concern, because it may amplify the hazard
corresponding to the individual generative processes. This paper presents a coupled modelling framework
for the predictions of flash flood response and of the occurrence of debris flows initiated by channel
bed mobilization. The framework combines a spatially distributed flash flood response model and a debris
flow initiation model to define a threshold value for the peak flow which permits identification of
channelized debris flow initiation. The threshold is defined over the channel network as a function of
the upslope area and of the local channel bed slope, and it is based on assumptions concerning the properties
of the channel bed material and of the morphology of the channel network. The model is validated
using data from an extreme rainstorm that impacted the 140 km2 Vizze basin in the Eastern Italian Alps
on August 4-5, 2012. The results show that the proposed methodology has improved skill in identifying
the catchments where debris-flows are triggered, compared to the use of simpler thresholds based on
rainfall properties.
Sensori in fibra ottica per la gestione del rischio idrogeologico
Luca Schenato, Alessandro Pasuto, Luca Palmieri, Andrea Galtarossa, 2018, Sensori in fibra ottica per la gestione del rischio idrogeologico,
MEMORIE della classe di scienze MATEMATICHE FISICHE E NATURALI, pp. 169–184, 2018,
Abstract
Contributo divulgativo sulla tecnologia dei sensori in fibra ottica presentato all' ACCADEMIA GALILEIANA DI SCIENZE ...
Contributo divulgativo sulla tecnologia dei sensori in fibra ottica presentato all' ACCADEMIA GALILEIANA DI SCIENZE LETTERE ED ARTI IN PADOVA già DEI RICOVRATI e PATAVINA nell'ANNO ACCADEMICO 2016-2017
Effects of episodic sediment supply on bedload transport rate in mountain rivers. Detecting debris flow activity using continuous monitoring
Taro Uchida, Wataru Sakurai, Takuma Iuchi, Hiroaki Izumiyama, Lisa Borgatti, Gianluca Marcato, Alessandro Pasuto, 2018, Effects of episodic sediment supply on bedload transport rate in mountain rivers. Detecting debris flow activity using continuous monitoring,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 308 (2018): 198–209. doi_10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.12.040,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2017.12.040
Abstract
Monitoring of sediment transport from hillslopes to channel networks as a consequence of floods with ...
Monitoring of sediment transport from hillslopes to channel networks as a consequence of floods with suspended and bedload transport, hyperconcentrated flows, debris and mud flows is essential not only for scientific issues, but also for prevention and mitigation of natural disasters, i.e. for hazard assessment, land use planning and design of torrent control interventions. In steep, potentially unstable terrains, ground-based continuous monitoring of hillslope and hydrological processes is still highly localized and expensive, especially in terms of manpower. In recent years, new seismic and acoustic methods have been developed for continuous bedload monitoring in mountain rivers. Since downstream bedload transport rate is controlled by upstream sediment supply from tributary channels and bed-external sources, continuous bedload monitoring might be an effective tool for detecting the sediments mobilized by debris flow processes in the upper catchment and thus represent an indirect method to monitor slope instability processes at the catchment scale. However, there is poor information about the effects of episodic sediment supply from upstream bed-external sources on downstream bedload transport rate at a single flood time scale. We have examined the effects of sediment supply due to upstream debris flow events on downstream bedload transport rate along the Yotagiri River, cen- tral Japan. To do this, we have conducted continuous bedload observations using a hydrophone (Japanese pipe microphone) located 6.4 km downstream the lower end of a tributary affected by debris flows. Two debris flows occurred during the two-years-long observation period. As expected, bedload transport rate for a given flow depth showed to be larger after storms triggering debris flows. That is, although the magnitude of sediment supply from debris flows is not large, their effect on bedload is propagating N6 km downstream at a single flood time scale. This indicates that continuous bedload observations could be effective for detecting sediment supply as a consequence of debris flow events.
Distributed strain measurements in a CFA pile using high spatial resolution fibre optic sensors
Silvia Bersan, Otello Bergamo, Luca Palmieri, Luca Schenato, Paolo Simonini, 2018, Distributed strain measurements in a CFA pile using high spatial resolution fibre optic sensors,
Engineering structures 160 (2018): 554–565. doi_10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.01.046.,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.engstruct.2018.01.046.
Abstract
Static load tests on fully instrumented piles are a useful tool for optimizing the design ...
Static load tests on fully instrumented piles are a useful tool for optimizing the design of pile foundations. By measuring the change in strain along a test pile it is possible to estimate pile-soil interface properties and infer site-specific and technology-specific load-transfer curves to be adopted for design. This paper presents strain measurements obtained from a distributed sensor installed in a continuous flight auger (CFA) pile undergoing a static load test. Distributed sensing was performed using optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR), which provided a spatial resolution of 10 mm. The high spatial resolution allowed to highlight local defects, as those produced by undesired variations in the pile cross-section area that can lead to erroneous data analysis if not fully understood. The paper also presents an approach for the derivation of load-transfer curves from continuous strain data.
On the use of OFDR for high-spatial resolution strain measurements in mechanical and geotechnical engineering
Luca Schenato, Alessandro Pasuto, Andrea Galtarossa, Luca Palmieri, 2018, On the use of OFDR for high-spatial resolution strain measurements in mechanical and geotechnical engineering,
IEEE I2MTC - International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference, Houston, Texas (USA), 14-17/05/2018,
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the use of optical frequency domain reflectometry for high-spatial resolution ...
In this paper, we describe the use of optical frequency domain reflectometry for high-spatial resolution strain measurements to address some mechanical and geotechnical applications. The basic principles of optical frequency domain reflectometry are illustrated, and examples of its application to the measurement of strain in open-hole specimen testing, a physical geotechnical model, and foundation piles are examined and discussed.
Sediment connectivity and fan formation processes in glacial and periglacial regions_ the Ala Archa Valley in Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan)
Ruiz-Villanueva V., Omlin A., Crema S., Cavalli M., Erokhin S. A., Zaginaev V. V., Stoffel M., 2018, Sediment connectivity and fan formation processes in glacial and periglacial regions_ the Ala Archa Valley in Tian Shan (Kyrgyzstan),
Terraenvision 2018, Barcellona (spagna), 30/01-02/02/2018,
Abstract
Periglacial areas are shaped by very active geomorphic processes resulting in a highly dynamic
landscape. In ...
Periglacial areas are shaped by very active geomorphic processes resulting in a highly dynamic
landscape. In this context, the hillslope-channel coupling plays a fundamental role in controlling
catchment sediment dynamics. The sediment produced on hillslopes may reach the channel network
and downstream propagation may have important effects on the environment, and create potential
hazards.
This is the case of the Ala Archa river basin (mean elevation 3160 m a.s.l.), located in the Tian Shan
Mountains of Kyrgyzstan. Glaciers cover the upper part of the basin and, along the main valley,
numerous fans are formed as a result of glacial lake outburst floods, debris flows, and colluvial
processes. The Ala Archa river flows through the Kyrgyz capital city of Bishkek in the lower part, and,
in the recent past, floods and debris flows triggered in the upper part of the catchment caused
important damage to infrastructures and people. Therefore, the aim of this work is to improve the
understanding of the hillslope-channel coupling in the Ala Archa basin, to support hazard and risk
assessment, and to shed light into sediment connectivity in high mountain glacial and periglacial
regions. A field survey was carried out in summer 2015 to analyse sediment sources and deposition
sites (rock slopes, debris flow tracks, fans etc.), in addition, remote sensing and connectivity analyses
have also been applied to map and characterize the main morphological characteristics of the basin.
Connectivity results permitted to enlighten the role of the fans in coupling/decoupling the hillslpoes
to main valley. Furthermore, a focus on periglacial areas allowed for a characterization of connectivity
patterns and magnitude in such dynamic environments that will feature the most important changes
in sediment dynamics and availability in the near future.
This work has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, through the joint SCOPES
research project "Debris flow and outburst flood hazard in Tian Shan under impact of changing
climate" (DEFENCC; grant no. IZ73Z0_152301).
Integrating sediment connectivity into the assessment of landslides susceptibility for road network
Bordoni M., Persichillo M. G., Cavalli M., Crema S., Meisina C., Bartelletti C., Galanti Y., Barsanti M., Giannecchini R., D'Amato Avanzi G., 2018, Integrating sediment connectivity into the assessment of landslides susceptibility for road network,
Terraenvision 2018, Barcellona (spagna), 27/01-02/02/2018,
Abstract
Landslides provoke significant direct and indirect economic losses to infrastructures, in particular along
road networks. Thus, ...
Landslides provoke significant direct and indirect economic losses to infrastructures, in particular along
road networks. Thus, it is fundamental identifying the route sectors that could be affected by
landslides, in order to reduce the risk level for the population and the economic cost of road damaging.
Moreover, several researches conducted in different contexts stressed that the exposure of road
networks to slope instabilities could increase because of ongoing climate change and as a consequence
of growing economy in several countries.
For these reasons, the present work aims to develop and test a data-driven model, based on Genetic
Algorithm Method (GAM), for the identification of the sectors road network sectors that are
susceptible to be affected by landslides triggered upstream the infrastructure. This work quantifies,
also, the impact of sediment connectivity on the susceptibility evaluation in the case studies. The study
area corresponds to the north-eastern area of Oltrepò Pavese (northern Italy), a zone very prone to
shallow landslides causing severe damages to the road networks.
This work shows that the effectiveness of the model in the identification of the most susceptible routes
increases including sediment connectivity in the predisposing factors. This parameter, indeed,
characterizes runout and the travel distance of a slope instability, improving the ability in identifying
the road sectors hit by landslides. The modeled susceptible roads are, then, mapped correctly by the
methodology, furnishing an important tool for land use planning and for implementing tools able to
reduce the risk for the infrastructures.
Exploiting LSPIV to assess debris-flow velocities in the field
Theule J.I.; Crema S.; Marchi L.; Cavalli M.; Comiti F., 2018, Exploiting LSPIV to assess debris-flow velocities in the field,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Print) 18 (2018): 1–13. doi_10.5194/nhess-18-1-2018,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fnhess-18-1-2018
Abstract
The assessment of flow velocity has a central role in quantitative analysis of debris flows, ...
The assessment of flow velocity has a central role in quantitative analysis of debris flows, both for the characterization of the phenomenology of these processes and for the assessment of related hazards. Large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) can contribute to the assessment of surface velocity of debris flows, provided that the specific features of these processes (e.g. fast stage variations and particles up to boulder size on the flow surface) are taken into account. Three debris-flow events, each of them consisting of several surges featuring different sediment concentrations, flow stages, and velocities, have been analysed at the inlet of a sediment trap in a stream in the eastern Italian Alps (Gadria Creek). Free software has been employed for preliminary treatment (orthorectification and format conversion) of video-recorded images as well as for LSPIV application. Results show that LSPIV velocities are consistent with manual measurements of the orthorectified imagery and with front velocity measured from the hydrographs in a channel recorded approximately 70m upstream of the sediment trap. Horizontal turbulence, computed as the standard deviation of the flow directions at a given cross section for a given surge, proved to be correlated with surface velocity and with visually estimated sediment concentration. The study demonstrates the effectiveness of LSPIV in the assessment of surface velocity of debris flows and permit the most crucial aspects to be identified in order to improve the accuracy of debris-flow velocity measurements.
SedInConnect: a stand-alone, free and open source tool for the assessment of sediment connectivity
Crema S., Cavalli M., 2018, SedInConnect: a stand-alone, free and open source tool for the assessment of sediment connectivity,
Computers & geosciences (2018): 39–45. doi_10.1016/j.cageo.2017.10.009,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2017.10.009
Abstract
There is a growing call, within the scientific community, for solid theoretic frameworks and usable ...
There is a growing call, within the scientific community, for solid theoretic frameworks and usable indices/models to assess sediment connectivity. Connectivity plays a significant role in characterizing structural properties of the landscape and, when considered in combination with forcing processes (e.g., rainfall-runoff modelling), can represent a valuable analysis for an improved landscape management. In this work, the authors present the development and application of SedInConnect_ a free, open source and stand-alone application for the computation of the Index of Connectivity (IC), as expressed in Cavalli et al. (2013) with the addition of specific innovative features. The tool is intended to have a wide variety of users, both from the scientific community and from the authorities involved in the environmental planning. Thanks to its open source nature, the tool can be adapted and/or integrated according to the users' requirements. Furthermore, presenting an easy-to-use interface and being a stand-alone application, the tool can help management experts in the quantitative assessment of sediment connectivity in the context of hazard and risk assessment. An application to a sample dataset and an overview on up-to-date applications of the approach and of the tool shows the development potential of such analyses. The modelled connectivity, in fact, appears suitable not only to characterize sediment dynamics at the catchment scale but also to integrate prediction models and as a tool for helping geomorphological interpretation.
Coupling Climate Conditions, Sediment Sources and Sediment Transport in an Alpine Basin
Rainato, Riccardo; Picco, Lorenzo; Cavalli, Marco; Mao, Luca; Neverman, Andrew J.; Tarolli, Paolo, 2018, Coupling Climate Conditions, Sediment Sources and Sediment Transport in an Alpine Basin,
Land degradation & development (Print) 29 (2018): 1154–1166. doi_10.1002/ldr.2813,
DOI: 10.1002%2Fldr.2813
Abstract
In a fluvial system, mountain basins control sediment export to the lowland rivers. Hence, analysis ...
In a fluvial system, mountain basins control sediment export to the lowland rivers. Hence, analysis of erosion processes and sediment delivery patterns in mountain basins is a key factor for many applications such as land-use management, hazard assessment and infrastructure design. Several studies have investigated the alterations triggered by recent climatic change on the hydrological regime, while only a few works have explored the consequences on fluvial sediment dynamics. Here, we combined and analyzed the quasi-unique dataset of climatic conditions, landform response and sediment export produced, since 1986 in the Rio Cordon basin (5 km2, Eastern Italian Alps) to examine the sediment delivery processes occurring in the last 3 decades. The temperature, precipitation and fluvial sediment fluxes in the basin were analyzed using continuous measurement executed by a permanent monitoring station, while the evolution of sediment source areas was investigated using three sediment source inventories. The results showed that during the period 1986-1993 the sediment fluxes (339 Mg yr-1) reflected the stable trend of the climatic conditions. The period between the first and second source inventory (i.e. 1994-2006) was characterized by climatic fluctuations and by the occurrence of high magnitude floods. Nevertheless, a limited increase in the extent of sediment source areas was detected, suggesting that the increased sediment export (759 Mg yr-1) was mainly driven by in-channel sediment supply. Notwithstanding the marked climate warming and the increased precipitation, a weak source area evolution and a reduction in sediment export (237 Mg yr-1) were observed during the period 2007-2015. In particular, the higher rainfall did not result in an intensification of flood events, stressing the absence of hillslope-channel connectivity.
The role of human activities on sediment connectivity of shallow landslides
Persichillo M.G.; Bordoni M.; Cavalli M.; Crema S.; Meisina C., 2018, The role of human activities on sediment connectivity of shallow landslides,
Catena (Cremling.) 160 (2018): 261–274. doi_10.1016/j.catena.2017.09.025,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.catena.2017.09.025
Abstract
Sediment connectivity within a catchment depends largely on the morphological complexity of the catchment and ...
Sediment connectivity within a catchment depends largely on the morphological complexity of the catchment and is strictly related to the anthropogenic modification of the landscape.
In this context, the present research evaluates the role of anthropogenic effects on landscape modifications and the resulting influence on sediment delivery. An assessment of sediment connectivity was carried out for three different human impact scenarios_ (i) drainage system density reduction, (ii) road network variation and (iii) land use changes. In addition, shallow landslides were used as sediment source areas to evaluate the potential connection between these sediment sources and downstream areas (e.g. main channels and road network).
Two small catchments in the Oltrepò Pavese area (Northern Apennines, Italy), with different size and morphological setting, were analysed_ the Rio Frate (1.9 km2) and the Versa (38 km2) catchments. In both areas, several shallow landslides were triggered in 2009 (Rio Frate and Versa) and in 2013 (Versa).
Results highlight the role of the landscape complexity in coupling/decoupling upstream sediment sources, such as shallow landslides, from the main channel network and roads.
In addition, the analysis identified instability phenomena characterized by high connectivity values, allowing determination of the areas in which mobilized sediment could potentially damage important infrastructures such as the road network or contribute to flooding induced by aggradation or obstruction of the river bed.
Surge impact behavior of granular flows_ effects of water content
Zhou, G.G.D., Song, D., Choi, C.E., Pasuto, A., Sun, Q.C., Dai, 2018, Surge impact behavior of granular flows_ effects of water content,
Landslides (Berl., Internet) 15 (2018): 695–709. doi_10.1007/s10346-017-0908-6,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10346-017-0908-6
Abstract
Understanding the fundamental dynamics of interaction between multi-phase geophysical flows and engineering structures is crucial ...
Understanding the fundamental dynamics of interaction between multi-phase geophysical flows and engineering structures is crucial for mitigating geophysical hazards. Specifically, liquid phase between particles induces matric suction which could play a significant part in regulating flow dynamics and warrants further consideration. In this study, flume model tests were conducted to investigate the effects of water content (0-30%) on the impact behavior of granular flows. The particle image velocimetry technique was adopted to visualize the impact kinematics and the impact force was measured through a model barrier system. Results revealed that, besides geometric effects (kinetic sieving), mechanical effects (shearing and collision) are also vital for the mechanism of reverse segregation. At higher water contents, 20 and 30% in this study, discrete-surge impact, rather than a progressive impact process, was observed. The discrete surges induce impulses on the barrier. The discrete surges result from selforganization of unsaturated granular flows to overcome the enhanced shear strength induced by matric suction. Finally, a dimensionless index, namely the suction number, is used to quantify the effect of suction on the dynamic behavior of granular flows.
Even for large-scale geophysical flows, if the content of fine particles is high, effect of suction should not be neglected.
Anomalous Alpine fans_ from the genesis to the present hazard
De Finis E.; Gattinoni P.; Marchi L.; Scesi L., 2018, Anomalous Alpine fans_ from the genesis to the present hazard,
Landslides (Berl., Print) (2018): 683–694. doi_10.1007/s10346-017-0894-8,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10346-017-0894-8
Abstract
The present paper aims at characterising Alpine anomalous basin-fan systems, in order to develop a ...
The present paper aims at characterising Alpine anomalous basin-fan systems, in order to develop a method for hazard assessment for such fans. The review of previous studies revealed that anomalous basin-fan systems are often associated with deep-seated slope failure and present-day hazard is associated to debris flow occurrence. Taking into account these peculiarities, a modelling approach to assess the present day hazard in anomalous fans has been developed and applied to the Sernio fan (Valtellina, northern Italy). Debris flow inundation areas have been simulated by means of a numerical model (RApid Mass MovementS (RAMMS) debris flow), which includes a routine for the sediment entrainment. The range of the model parameters was defined based on previous studies, enabling a sensitivity analysis on the debris flow runout, as well as the flow height and velocity. Numerical results point out the paramount importance of entrainment phenomena on debris flow dynamic in anomalous systems, especially with reference to the bulking factor and debris yield rate that reach very high values, typical of basins with unlimited solid supply.
Assessing and mitigating large wood-related hazards in mountain streams_ Recent approaches
Mazzorana B.; Ruiz-Villanueva V.; Marchi L.; Cavalli M.; Gems B.; Gschnitzer T.; Mao L.; Iroume A.; Valdebenito G., 2018, Assessing and mitigating large wood-related hazards in mountain streams_ Recent approaches,
Journal of flood risk management (2018): 207–222. doi_10.1111/jfr3.12316,
DOI: 10.1111%2Fjfr3.12316
Abstract
The assessment and mitigation of floods in mountain streams, when large wood (LW) is transported, ...
The assessment and mitigation of floods in mountain streams, when large wood (LW) is transported, pose several challenges. The process chain consisting of flood propagation, LW recruitment, entrainment, transport, and entrapment triggers, at critical sections such as bridges, unexpected and exacerbated impacts to the exposed built environment. We provide a review on the recent advances in modelling LW dynamics during extreme river floods through computational approaches. Moreover, we describe how scaled flume experiments can enhance process understanding at critical flow sections such as bridges to address risk mitigation problems. Additionally, we present a framework based on Formative Scenario Analysis (FSA) to allow for expert knowledge integration and to subsequently derive consistent hazard process scenarios in steep mountain streams where the application of computational approaches is less reliable. Finally, we discuss how the application of the presented set of assessment methods can support integral flood risk management by explicitly considering LW dynamics since the effectiveness of mitigation critically depends on the acquired process understanding.
Multi-objective spatial tools to inform maritime spatial planning in the Adriatic Sea
Depellegrin D.; Menegon S.; Farella G.; Ghezzo M.; Gissi E.; Sarretta A.; Venier C.; Barbanti A., 2017, Multi-objective spatial tools to inform maritime spatial planning in the Adriatic Sea,
Science of the total environment 609 (2017): 1627–1639. doi_10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.264,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2017.07.264
Abstract
This research presents a set of multi-objective spatial tools for sea planning and environmental management ...
This research presents a set of multi-objective spatial tools for sea planning and environmental management in the Adriatic Sea Basin. The tools address four objectives_ 1) assessment of cumulative impacts from anthropogenic sea uses on environmental components of marine areas; 2) analysis of sea use conflicts; 3) 3-D hydrodynamic modelling of nutrient dispersion (nitrogen and phosphorus) from riverine sources in the Adriatic Sea Basin and 4) marine ecosystem services capacity assessment from seabed habitats based on an ES matrix approach. Geospatial modelling results were illustrated, analysed and compared on country level and for three biogeographic subdivisions, Northern-Central-Southern Adriatic Sea. The paper discusses model results for their spatial implications, relevance for sea planning, limitations and concludes with an outlook towards the need for more integrated, multi-functional tools development for sea planning.
D3.2 – Numerical model for debris-flow seismic activity
F. Gabrieli, P.R. Tecca, A.M. Deganutti, A. Pasuto, L. Schenato, 2017, D3.2 – Numerical model for debris-flow seismic activity,
D3.2, 2017,
Abstract
Questo rapporto descrive la modellazione numerica delle colate detritiche sviluppata nell'ambito del progetto DOMINO - ...
Questo rapporto descrive la modellazione numerica delle colate detritiche sviluppata nell'ambito del progetto DOMINO - WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call
Deliverable D1.2 – Specification of the DPS system
Luca Palmieri, Luca Schenato, Miguel Gonzales-Herraez, Juan P. Aguilar-López, Thom Bogaard, 2017, Deliverable D1.2 – Specification of the DPS system,
D1.2, 2017,
Abstract
Questo documento definisce le specifiche del sistema DPS (Distributed Pressure Sensor) da sviluppare nell'ambito del ...
Questo documento definisce le specifiche del sistema DPS (Distributed Pressure Sensor) da sviluppare nell'ambito del progetto DOMINO - WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call
SISMA 2016 – Relazione sulla suscettibilità geo-idrologica e l’esposizione ai pericoli geo-idrologici nel territorio del Comune di Castelsantangelo sul Nera (MC)
Cinzia Bianchi
Francesco Bucci
Mauro Cardinali
Marco Cavalli
Stefano Crema
Fausto Guzzetti
Ivan Marchesini
Lorenzo Marchi
Mauro Rossi
Paola Salvati
Michele Santangelo, 2017, SISMA 2016 – Relazione sulla suscettibilità geo-idrologica e l’esposizione ai pericoli geo-idrologici nel territorio del Comune di Castelsantangelo sul Nera (MC),
19 maggio 2017 versione 1.5 CSsN, 2017,
Abstract
Su richiesta della Funzione Tecnica della Direzione di Comando e Controllo di Rieti, si è
provveduto ...
Su richiesta della Funzione Tecnica della Direzione di Comando e Controllo di Rieti, si è
provveduto a valutare le condizioni di suscettibilità geo-idrologica e di esposizione a pericoli
geo-idrologici di aree nel territorio del Comune di Castelsantangelo sul Nera (MC).
Nell'area oggetto di studio sono presenti diverse tipologie di fenomeni geo-idrologici
potenzialmente pericolosi, fra i quali frane di scivolamento superficiali e profonde, crolli e cadute
massi, colate di detrito, piene e piene improvvise, e valanghe. La presente relazione considera
esclusivamente le tre tipologie di fenomeni ritenute di maggiore interesse, ed in particolare_ (i) le
frane di scivolamento, (ii) i crolli e le cadute massi, e (iii) le colate di detrito. La relazione non
considera le piene e le piene improvvise, le valanghe, e le amplificazioni sismiche locali.
Per definire in modo per quanto possibile oggettivo e riproducibile le condizioni di suscettibilità e
il conseguente livello di esposizione ai pericoli geo-idrologici considerati cui sono soggette le aree
di studio, si è provveduto a definire una specifica procedura d'analisi. La procedura utilizza dati
disponibili od acquisiti ad hoc per la zonazione, e restituisce una valutazione semi-quantitativa del
grado di esposizione ai pericoli geo-idrologici a cui sono soggette le aree oggetto d'indagine, o
parti di esse.
L'applicazione della procedura ha richiesto l'utilizzo di dati territoriali e di modelli di simulazione
dei fenomeni geo-idrologici. I dati territoriali comprendono un modello digitale del terreno con una
risoluzione al suolo di 10 m ? 10 m, due voli di fotografie aeree stereoscopiche riprese
rispettivamente nel 1955 a scala 1_55.000 e nel 1997 a scala 1_20.000, una carta inventario dei
fenomeni franosi realizzata ad hoc, la carta geologica della Regione Marche, a scala 1_10.000, le
cartografie del Piano di Assetto Idrogeologico disponibili per l'area di studio, oltre che la Carta
Tecniche Regionale. I modelli utilizzati per la definizione dei livelli di suscettibilità sono stati il
modello STONE, per la simulazione del processo di caduta massi, i modelli concettuali "Modified
Single Flow Direction" e "r.randomwalk" per la simulazione dei fenomeni di colata di detrito, e un
modello euristico per la definizione di possibili scenari evolutivi di frane di scivolamento,
superficiali e profonde, già sperimentato in Umbria.
La procedura è stata applicata sia ad aree già edificate, sia ad aree non ancora edificate nel territorio
del Comune di Castelsantangelo sul Nera. I risultati dell'applicazione della procedura sono
descritti in dettaglio per sei centri abitati esistenti, fra i quali il capoluogo di Castelsantangelo sul
Nera e le frazioni di Gualdo, Nocelleto, Nocria, Macchie e Vallinfante, e per l'intero territorio
oggetto di studio. Nel primo caso, l'analisi ha definito le condizioni di esposizione ai pericoli
considerati delle aree già edificate, ancorché danneggiate più o meno severamente dai sismi. Nel
secondo caso, l'analisi ha permesso di individuare aree non edificate potenzialmente urbanizzabili,
sulla base di criteri predefiniti.
Confronto tra modelli numerici bidimensionali e tridimensionali per l’analisi di stabilità di frane a geometria complessa.
Giulia Bossi, 2017, Confronto tra modelli numerici bidimensionali e tridimensionali per l’analisi di stabilità di frane a geometria complessa.,
VI° Edizione dell'Incontro delle Commissioni di Ingegneria Geotecnica il Seminario d'aggiornamento Ingegneria Geotecnica Monitoraggio, Pendii, Dighe, Bolzano, 30/11 - 01/12/2017,
Abstract
Confronto e valutazione degli errori indotti dall'utilizzo di modelli bidimesionali o tridimensionali per la valutazione ...
Confronto e valutazione degli errori indotti dall'utilizzo di modelli bidimesionali o tridimensionali per la valutazione della stabilità di pendii instabili
Influence of the geometry alteration of the landslide slope on its stability_ A case study in the Carnian Alps (Italy)
Zabuski L.; Bossi G.; Marcato G., 2017, Influence of the geometry alteration of the landslide slope on its stability_ A case study in the Carnian Alps (Italy),
Archives of Hydroengineering and Environmental Mechanics 64 (2017): 101–114. doi_10.1515/heem-2017-0007,
Abstract
The paper presents the principles of the slope reprofiling and proves the effectiveness of this ...
The paper presents the principles of the slope reprofiling and proves the effectiveness of this stabilization measure. The case study of two adjacent landslides in the National Road 52 "Carnica" in the Tagliamento River valley, the Carnian Alps (46°23?49?N, 12°42?51?E) are the example allowing for illustration of this approach. The phenomena have been studied for more than a decade, making it possible to carry out a detailed geological and geomorphological reconstruction. That was done on the basis of a large amount of monitoring data collected during that period. Since the landslides are threatening an important road, countermeasure works to ameliorate the stability conditions of the slides need to be designed. The paper focuses on the creation of a numerical model consistent with monitoring data and capable of reconstructing the dynamics of both landslides. Two cross-sections, one for each landslide, were selected for the analysis. The geometry of the slip surface was determined on the basis of control points, such as slip surface readings from inclinometers, and geomorphological evidence for the contour. The FLAC2D code was used to evaluate the current stability of these landslides and to determine the effectiveness of changing the slope geometry by removing material from the upper part of the slope and putting it to the lowest part as reinforcement.
Surface velocity distribution and rheological proprties estimation of debris flows
Tecca,P.R., Genevois R., Deganutti A.M., 2017, Surface velocity distribution and rheological proprties estimation of debris flows,
Italian journal of engineering geology and environment (Testo stamp.) 2 - 2017 (2017): 57–65. doi_10.4408/IJEGE.2017-02.O-03,
DOI: 10.4408%2FIJEGE.2017-02.O-03
Abstract
Debris flows are among the most dangerous natural hazards
in mountainous areas. In European Alps, they ...
Debris flows are among the most dangerous natural hazards
in mountainous areas. In European Alps, they are associated
to summer heavy rainfalls and can be extremely destructive.
Nevertheless, their rheology, at field scale, is still not well known.
These mixtures of debris, water and air behave as non-
Newtonian fluids, with a plastic yield strength, a high bulk
density and a high dynamic viscosity. Indeed, these parameters
are difficult to measure in the field.
In this paper, data from a monitoring system are used to
measure the surface velocity of debris flows, through image
analysis, following the trajectories of single particles on the flow
surface, and to infer shear strength and viscosity of flows. The
surface velocity distribution shows at times either rigid plugs of
different width or plug does not exist at all.
Our observations indicate the existence of both Bingham and
Newtonian behaviour even in a single surge, as the consequence
of significant changes in stage, solid concentration and in particle-
size. Shear strength and viscosity, can be evaluated through
appropriate relationships. The analysis and processing of surface
velocity distribution allow realistic estimations of crucial aspects
of flow behaviour like impact forces and run-out, parameters
essential for the designing of effective countermeasures.
GIS tools for preliminary debris-flow assessment at regional scale
Cavalli M., Crema S., Trevisani S., Marchi L, 2017, GIS tools for preliminary debris-flow assessment at regional scale,
Journal of Mountain Science 14 (2017): 2498–2510. doi_10.1007/s11629-017-4573-y,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs11629-017-4573-y
Abstract
The assessment of the areas endangered by debris flows is a major issue in the ...
The assessment of the areas endangered by debris flows is a major issue in the context of mountain watershed management. Depending on the scale of analysis, different methods are required for the assessment of the areas exposed to debris flows. While 2-D numerical models are advised for detailed mapping of inundation areas on individual alluvial fans, preliminary recognition of hazard areas at the regional scale can be adequately performed by less data-demanding methods, which enable priority ranking of channels and alluvial fans at risk by debris flows. This contribution focuses on a simple and fast procedure that has been implemented for regional-scale identification of debris-flow prone channels and prioritization of the related alluvial fans. The methodology is based on the analysis of morphometric parameters derived from Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). Potential initiation sites of debris flows are identified as the DEM cells that exceed a threshold of slope-dependent contributing area. Channel reaches corresponding to debris flows propagation, deceleration and stopping conditions are derived from thresholds of local slope. An analysis of longitudinal profiles is used for the computation of the runout distance of debris flows. Information on erosion-resistant bedrock channels and sediment availability surveyed in the field are taken into account in the applications. A set of software tools was developed and made available (https://github.com/HydrogeomorphologyTools) to facilitate the application of the procedure. This approach, which has been extensively validated by means of field checks, has been extensively applied in the eastern Italian Alps. This contribution discusses potential and limitations of the method in the frame of the management of small mountain watersheds.
Structural Health Monitoring of a Road Tunnel Intersecting a Large and Active Landslide
Giulia Bossi , Luca Schenato, Gianluca Marcato, 2017, Structural Health Monitoring of a Road Tunnel Intersecting a Large and Active Landslide,
Applied sciences 7 (2017). doi_10.3390/app7121271,
DOI: 10.3390%2Fapp7121271
Abstract
Dealing with engineering structures that are not easily replaceable requires frequent assessment of the damage ...
Dealing with engineering structures that are not easily replaceable requires frequent assessment of the damage state of the construction in order to estimate its durability and reliability. The procedures that allow damage to be detected and identified are broadly defined as Structural Health Monitoring (SHM). In this work, a SHM network has been deployed in a road tunnel that intersects a massive landslide, whose movements are causing the formation of cracks along the tunnel lining. The monitoring system measures in real time the displacements across major cracks and the rotation of the tunnel segments; data are gathered and made easily accessible through a web-based platform. The mechanisms by which the tunnel deforms under the landslide-induced stress have been defined through the analysis of three years of monitoring data. The factors triggering an increase in deformation rates and causing damage to the structure have also been investigated. This evidence will support the design of mitigation works to extend the life-span of the tunnel.
Distributed fiber-optic sensors for levee monitoring
Simonini, P. Bossi, G., 2017, Distributed fiber-optic sensors for levee monitoring,
Smart Rivers International Conference, Ferrara, 20-22/09/2017,
Abstract
The presentation describes the monitoring sistem (consisting of traditional and innovative fiber optic distibuted sensors) ...
The presentation describes the monitoring sistem (consisting of traditional and innovative fiber optic distibuted sensors) deployed in a Levee in Salorno (BZ, Italy).
Monitoraggio della galleria “San Lorenzo” in rapporto ai movimenti franosi esterni per il periodo 7 aprile 2016 – 2 marzo 2017
Marcato G., Schenato L., Bossi G., 2017, Monitoraggio della galleria “San Lorenzo” in rapporto ai movimenti franosi esterni per il periodo 7 aprile 2016 – 2 marzo 2017,
2017,
Abstract
Il presente documento rappresenta la relazione finale inerente l'incarico che ANAS Compartimento della Viabilità per ...
Il presente documento rappresenta la relazione finale inerente l'incarico che ANAS Compartimento della Viabilità per il Friuli Venezia Giulia ha affidato al CNR-IRPI UOS di Padova.
Il monitoraggio effettuato negli anni da il CNR IRPI della Sede Secondaria di Padova per conto della Direzione Regionale della Protezione Civile ha messo in risalto come parte del versante sud del Monte Tinisa e del Clap di Lavres siano in movimento. Anas dopo aver ricostruito un tratto di galleria tra il 2005 e il 2008, dal 2014 ha implementato un sistema di monitoraggio in continuo delle lesioni sui conci 27,28,29 della galleria stradale San Lorenzo, costituito da 24 fessurimetri e 4 clinometri. Scopo di tale impianto di monitoraggio è di fornire dati per individuare eventuali correlazioni tra l'attività delle deformazioni e fattori perturbativi quali le precipitazioni e le acque circolanti nell'ammasso roccioso. Il sistema si integra al monitoraggio della Protezione Civile in atto per il controllo dei fenomeni franosi dell'area.
Si presentano i dati di monitoraggio dal marzo 2016 al marzo 2017 che coprono un intero ciclo stagionale.
Valutazione dell’errore associato alle semplificazioni delle eterogeneità stratigrafiche – il metodo Boolean Stochastic Generation (BoSG).
Bossi G., Gottardi G., 2017, Valutazione dell’errore associato alle semplificazioni delle eterogeneità stratigrafiche – il metodo Boolean Stochastic Generation (BoSG).,
Incontro Annuale dei Ricercatori di Geotecnica 2017- IARG 2017, Matera, 05-07/07/2017,
Abstract
Lo studio presenta un nuovo approccio nella modellazione geotecnica che si basa sulla generazione stocastica ...
Lo studio presenta un nuovo approccio nella modellazione geotecnica che si basa sulla generazione stocastica di
diverse distribuzioni di strati di terreno, seguendo una logica booleana - il metodo è stato perciò chiamato BoSG
(Boolean Stochastic Generation - Generazione Stocastica Booleana). Con questo metodo è possibile
randomizzare la presenza di uno specifico materiale interdigitato in una matrice uniforme. Il metodo si presta per
l'analisi di problemi geotecnici caratterizzati dalla presenza di materiali con proprietà meccaniche
significativamente diverse.
La memoria presenta due applicazioni del metodo_ una su un pendio semplice con un modello tridimensionale,
l'altra l'implementazione del BoSG su un modello bidimensionale di una colata lenta a Cortina d'Ampezzo.
Viene analizzata l'influenza della presenza di lenti di materiale a maggiore resistenza per quanto riguarda la
stabilità dei pendi, la variabilità dei risultati e l'applicazione del metodo per l'identificazione di zone ottimali per
una seconda campagna d'indagini
Proposta di interventi per la mitigazione del rischio per una colata lenta nelle Dolomiti (BL).
Giulia Bossi, Simonetta Cola, 2017, Proposta di interventi per la mitigazione del rischio per una colata lenta nelle Dolomiti (BL).,
IAGIG 2017 - Incontro Annuale dei Giovani Ingegneri Geotecnici, pp. 130–133, Catania, 19-20/05/2017,
Abstract
A Cortina d'Ampezzo (BL), nel versante occidentale della valle, insiste una frana che si
sviluppa per ...
A Cortina d'Ampezzo (BL), nel versante occidentale della valle, insiste una frana che si
sviluppa per una lunghezza di 3.5 km. Il fenomeno franoso attraversa un'area fortemente antropizzata
con impianti sciistici, alcuni abitati e la Strada Statale 48 per il passo Falzarego. Il monitoraggio degli
spostamenti profondi e superficiali, effettuato con inclinometri e GPS, ha permesso di quantificare la
velocità di avanzamento delle varie porzioni di frana e di localizzare la superfice di scivolamento. Si è
così impostato un modello agli elementi finiti della frana. Tale modello, calibrato sulla base dei risultati
di prove di laboratorio e via back-analysis sui dati di monitoraggio, ha permesso di valutare gli effetti
indotti da alcuni interventi strutturali proposti per la mitigazione del rischio in quest'area.
Assessing the stability of a complex landslide through geotechnical modelling
Zabuski L., Bossi G., Marcato G., 2017, Assessing the stability of a complex landslide through geotechnical modelling,
CGE-2017 - 2nd Second International Conference "Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering", Kyiv, 21-23/11/2017,
Abstract
Two adjacent landslides affect the National Road 52 "Carnica" in the Tagliamento River valley, Carnian ...
Two adjacent landslides affect the National Road 52 "Carnica" in the Tagliamento River valley, Carnian Alps (46°23'49" N, 12°42'51" E). The phenomena have been studied for more than a decade allowing a detailed geological and geomorphological reconstruction to be delineated. That was done on the ground of a large number of monitoring data collected during more than 10 years of investigations. Since the landslide are threatening an important road countermeasure works to ameliorate stability conditions of the slides need to be designed. The paper focuses on the creation of a numerical model capable to reconstruct the dynamic of both landslides and to be consistent with monitoring data. Two cross-sections, one for each landslide, have been selected for the analysis. The geometry of the slip surface was reconstructed on the basis of control points like the slip surface readings in inclinometers and on geomorphological evidence for the contour. The FLAC2D code is used to evaluate actual stability of these landslide. Results will be used to plan countermeasure works.
A monitoring network to measure the cracks in a tunnel subject to shear deformation induced by landslide
Bossi G., Schenato L., Marcato G., 2017, A monitoring network to measure the cracks in a tunnel subject to shear deformation induced by landslide,
CGE-2017 - 2nd Second International Conference "Challenges in Geotechnical Engineering", Kyiv, 21-23/11/2017,
Abstract
This works describes the monitoring activity of a road tunnel that interferes with a large ...
This works describes the monitoring activity of a road tunnel that interferes with a large landslide provided for the Italian National Road Authority (ANAS). The monitoring network controls the cracks that formed on the tunnel lining due to the unremitting movements of the landslide. Scope of the monitoring campaign is to understand the dynamic of the process with respect to triggering factors such as rainfall, snow melt, and saturation of the rock mass. This is done in order to provide the Road Authority suggestion for effective structural mitigation works that would ensure the safety and durability of the road tunnel.
Clustering sediment connectivity maps to distinguish hillslope processes
Crema, Stefano; Bossi, Giulia, 2017, Clustering sediment connectivity maps to distinguish hillslope processes,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 42 (2017): 23–26. doi_10.3301/ROL.2017.05,
Abstract
The availability of increasingly higher resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) allows to perform a detailed ...
The availability of increasingly higher resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) allows to perform a detailed characterization of the morphological features on selected areas of interest. There is a growing interest, within the scientific community, for automatic DTM-based procedures to extract geomorphological features or to model surface processes. Among these, the Index of sediment Connectivity (IC), which estimates the degree of linkage that controls sediment fluxes throughout landscape, and, in particular, between sediment sources and downstream areas, has proved to be a powerful morphometric tool. In particular, IC may be used to better portray and highlight sediment dynamics and pathways at catchment scale. In this work, we compare IC maps for two alpine areas. The first area is a typical debris-flow catchment, while the second area is characterized by the presence of a large deep-seated gravitational slope deformation. Two types of numerical analysis are presented_ i) the aggregation and normalization of the IC values and ii) cluster analysis. Our preliminary results show that the spatial information, which is maintained in the cluster analysis and lost in the aggregate procedure, is extremely valuable for the identification and the clustering of areas that are affected by the same predominant geomorphological process.
Landslide risk assessment_ the Passo della Morte case study (Eastern Italian Alps).
Giulia Bossi, Gianluca Marcato, 2017, Landslide risk assessment_ the Passo della Morte case study (Eastern Italian Alps).,
International Conference on Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Technology for Large-Scale Landslides, pp. 1–10, Taichung, Taiwan, 01/11/2017,
Abstract
Large landslide, especially large slow-moving landslide, do not always
show clear sign of deformation. The detection ...
Large landslide, especially large slow-moving landslide, do not always
show clear sign of deformation. The detection of displacements may come
through monitoring although it is difficult to implement when large areas are
involved and when cost effectiveness is an issue. Besides large landslides are
usually located along major valleys due to the cumulated effect of tectonic
effects and geomorphological constraints. Major transport routes and other
infrastructures are also located along major valleys since they are usually the
location of larger settlements due to the historical preference of building where
there is more sunlight, the valley floor is flatter, streams are less active and
commerce is easier. In this work we present a situation in which the design and
construction of a new infrastructure, a road tunnel, did not take into account the
presence of a large slow-moving landslide thus increasing the costs of variation
during construction, reparations and maintenance. In order to plan properly
mitigation works it was first of all fundamental to delineate the style of activity
of the different portions of the affected slope and to characterize properly their
cinematics. The paper describes the investigation strategy adopted and its
different phases to detect and focus on the most hazardous phenomena and
prioritize interventions.
A mobile application to engage citizens and volunteers. Crowdsourcing within natural hazard
Frigerio, Simone; Bianchizza, Chiara; Schenato, Luca; Del Bianco, Daniele, 2017, A mobile application to engage citizens and volunteers. Crowdsourcing within natural hazard,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 42 (2017): 70–72. doi_10.3301/ROL.2017.17,
Abstract
Responsibility in civil protection from central to local authorities is a changing pattern in natural ...
Responsibility in civil protection from central to local authorities is a changing pattern in natural hazard management. Prevention and preparedness are long-term goals, based on competence of trained volunteers and on awareness of the local citizens. MAppERS Project(1) (Mobile Application for Emergency Response and Support) involves people as crowd-sources rendering through mobile application design integrated to a dashboard. Testing and training courses for public citizens and volunteers of civil protection in two pilot study cases obtain feedback fundamental to raise participation in the disaster network response, towards modules, usability and quality of the product. A synchronized platform reveals advantages of cloud data architecture with a web dashboard. A first module of the application focuses on flood processes gathering real-time data from local population and contributes to personal awareness, while the second module tests pre-emergency actions on field with rescue crews, collecting details and priority of hazards.
MAppERS: mobile networks for prevention and awareness. Communication scheme and architecture
SIMONE FRIGERIO, LUCA SCHENATO, GIULIA BOSSI, MATTEO MANTOVANI, GIANLUCA MARCATO, STEFANO CREMA, MARCO CAVALLI, ALESSANDRO PASUTO, 2017, MAppERS: mobile networks for prevention and awareness. Communication scheme and architecture,
XII CONVEGNO NAZIONALE GIT - Geosciences and Information Technologies, Gavorrano (GR), 12-14 Giugno 2017,
Abstract
Natural processes responsibilities from central authorities to local levels as first actors is a changing ...
Natural processes responsibilities from central authorities to local levels as first actors is a changing pattern of civil protection. Prevention and preparedness in natural hazards are long-term goals based on capacities of professional volunteers, and improving the awareness of the citizens as local inhabitants. Local people have impacts on their lives but training and involvement towards specific techniques change their role within risk communication and emergency preparedness. A collaborative user environment is useful for emergency response and support in the wake of disasters, feeding updated information on the ground directly to on-site responders. MAppERS App is based on human role as "crowd-sourced mappers" through mobile able to share GPS-localised and detailed parameters. The feedback from testing and the training courses aim to raising public awareness and participation in a networked disaster response. The project implies design and test of smart phone linked with a real-time dashboard platform for rescue services citizens and volunteers of civil protection. Two pilot sites, including trainings on modules functioning control usability and quality of the product. The synchronized platform offers the activity of cloud data collection with a central data dashboard. Information is collected in a context of floods processes, with crowdsourcing action from local population, for proper awareness with own personal flood plan and long-term preparedness. A second context tested pre-emergency actions on field with rescue team, collecting state-of-art and condition of hazards.
Crowdsourcing engagement and applications for communities within crisis events
Simone Frigerio, Luca Schenato , Giulia Bossi , Matteo Mantovani , Stefano Crema , Marco Cavalli , Gianluca
Marcato , and Alessandro Pasuto, 2017, Crowdsourcing engagement and applications for communities within crisis events,
European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2017, Vienna | Austria, 23-28 April 2017,
Abstract
Civil protection attitude is a changing pattern within natural hazards, deploying responsibilities from central government
to ...
Civil protection attitude is a changing pattern within natural hazards, deploying responsibilities from central government
to local authorities. The competence of volunteers and the awareness and involvement of local inhabitants
are key points for prevention and preparedness. Citizens and volunteers become first actors of civil protection,
toward context-specific strategies of surveillance and territorial surveys. The crowd-mapping technology includes
a mobile solution tested insight trained communities, as participation within disaster response. The platform includes
also a user-friendly dashboard for data gathering and analysis in multi-hazard realities, tested with pilot case
studies. Usability and gradual innovation of platform are continuous granted by cloud dataset and bugfixing controls.
The first module focuses on flood processes gathering data from local and trained population, for awareness
and long-term preparedness. The second module integrates field survey of several volunteers within rescue squads,
combining geolocations and comparing dataset collected in pre-emergency steps in urban case studies. The results
include an easy-to-use data interface for crisis management, a tested support within crisis combined with personal
awareness, continuously updated and customized. The development provides a version for Android 4.0 onward, the
web application combines a cloud architecture with a relational database and web services, integrated with SDK
cloud notification. The wireframes planned two accesses for a Citizens Kit and a Volunteers Kit, synchronized with
a common dashboard. The follow up includes the integration between mobile solutions with sensors for dynamic
update and data export for GIS analysis. The location-based services uses location data to monitor parameters and
control features within natural hazard. A human sensor network is the aim, integrating sensor measurements with
external observation as baseline of future modelling. Point data like humidity, temperature and pressure are geolocated
and real-time. Human sensors reveal a massive approach of crowdsourcing, and user-friendly dashboards
appears as solid control of data management to support resilience and quality of risk assessment.
Alpine landslide risk scenario_ run-out modelling using a 3D approach
Codeglia, Daniela; Dixon, Neil; Bossi, Giulia; Marcato, Gianluca, 2017, Alpine landslide risk scenario_ run-out modelling using a 3D approach,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 42 (2017): 14–17. doi_10.3301/ROL.2017.03,
Abstract
Rockslides of considerable volume developing on the flanks of narrow alpine valleys represent a significant ...
Rockslides of considerable volume developing on the flanks of narrow alpine valleys represent a significant hazard for the potential of river damming and consequent sudden discharge of water. A limestone rock mass of about 650,000 m(3) endangers a portion of the upper course of Tagliamento River valley in north-eastern Italy. This section of the valley is prone to detachment of rock landslides due to its structural setting and it has a history of landslide damming_ in the literature two huge events are widely documented and a third event is identified and described in this paper. The ancient detachment crown and the corresponding deposit can be observed in the portion of slope adjacent to the unstable rock mass. This paper deals with the run-out model of the unstable rock mass using a Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics (SPH) model implemented in the DAN3D code. In order to select the appropriate material parameters, the ancient rockslide was back-analysed. Subsequently, the parameters were applied to the present unstable portion of the slope to determine the location and dimensions of the deposit that could be formed. It is demonstrated that the deposit has the potential to create a natural dam across the Tagliamento River that would form a 500,000 m(3) lake. Although the lake will have limited dimensions, this would represent a very high risk for the downstream villages and infrastructures in case of a sudden collapse of the natural dam.
Interactive comment on “Hydrological control of large hurricane-induced lahars_ evidences from rainfall, seismic and video monitoring” by Lucia Capra et al.
Marchi Lorenzo, 2017, Interactive comment on “Hydrological control of large hurricane-induced lahars_ evidences from rainfall, seismic and video monitoring” by Lucia Capra et al.,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Online) (2017): C1–C2. doi_10.5194/nhess-2017-354-SC1,
Isotopic features of precipitation and groundwater from the Eastern Alps of Italy_ results from the Mt. Tinisa hydrogeological system
Cervi, F.; Borgatti, L.; Dreossi, G.; Marcato, G.; Michelini, M.; Stenni, B., 2017, Isotopic features of precipitation and groundwater from the Eastern Alps of Italy_ results from the Mt. Tinisa hydrogeological system,
Environmental earth sciences (Print) 76 (2017). doi_10.1007/s12665-017-6748-9,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs12665-017-6748-9
Abstract
This study analyses water stable isotopes data collected from precipitation (one rain gauge) and groundwater ...
This study analyses water stable isotopes data collected from precipitation (one rain gauge) and groundwater outlets (seven occurrences and two springs) at Mt. Tinisa, in the Eastern Alps of Italy. Limestones and dolostones outcrop in the mountain relief, making up a single aquifer which feeds the monitored outlets with almost steady discharges. Lack of runoff in the streambeds throughout the whole year means that all meteoric water can be considered as recharging the aquifer. Sampling was undertaken during the periods 2005-2010 (precipitation) and 2014-2015 (groundwater) via monthly and two/three-monthly field-activities, respectively, which allowed a total of 138 water samples to be gathered and analysed. Results highlighted the presence of apparent isotopic anomalies in groundwater in comparison with meteoric water. The study demonstrates that the assessment of groundwater residence time and estimates of the mean monthly isotopic content in rainwater have been necessary to correctly compare the two isotopic datasets and relate the anomaly to the recharge time-window, occurring in the late autumn.
Comment on ‘The influence of geological-morphological and land-use settings on shallow landslides in the Pogliaschina T. basin (northern Apennines, Italy)’ by Bartelletti et al. (2017)
Marchi Lorenzo, 2017, Comment on ‘The influence of geological-morphological and land-use settings on shallow landslides in the Pogliaschina T. basin (northern Apennines, Italy)’ by Bartelletti et al. (2017),
Journal of maps 13 (2017): 866–867. doi_10.1080/17445647.2017.1376227,
Distributed optical fibre sensing for early detection of shallow landslides triggering
Luca Schenato, Luca Palmieri, Matteo Camporese, Silvia Bersan, Simonetta Cola, Alessandro Pasuto, Andrea Galtarossa, Paolo Salandin & Paolo Simonini, 2017, Distributed optical fibre sensing for early detection of shallow landslides triggering,
Scientific reports (Nature Publishing Group) (2017). doi_10.1038/s41598-017-12610-1,
DOI: 10.1038%2Fs41598-017-12610-1
Abstract
A distributed optical fibre sensing system is used to measure landslide-induced strains on an optical ...
A distributed optical fibre sensing system is used to measure landslide-induced strains on an optical fibre buried in a large scale physical model of a slope. The fibre sensing cable is deployed at the predefined failure surface and interrogated by means of optical frequency domain reflectometry. The strain evolution is measured with centimetre spatial resolution until the occurrence of the slope failure. Standard legacy sensors measuring soil moisture and pore water pressure are installed at different depths and positions along the slope for comparison and validation. The evolution of the strain field is related to landslide dynamics with unprecedented resolution and insight. In fact, the results of the experiment clearly identify several phases within the evolution of the landslide and show that optical fibres can detect precursory signs of failure well before the collapse, paving the way for the development of more effective early warning systems.
Sistemi di monitoraggio e allarme per le colate detritiche_ limiti e potenzialità
Marchi L., 2017, Sistemi di monitoraggio e allarme per le colate detritiche_ limiti e potenzialità,
Dissesto idrogeologico e pianificazione comunale di protezione civile, Avellino, 17/10/2017,
Abstract
Il contributo presenta le caratteristiche essenziali dei sistemi di allarme per le colate detritiche e ...
Il contributo presenta le caratteristiche essenziali dei sistemi di allarme per le colate detritiche e ne descrive limiti e potenzialità, con particolare riguardo all'impiego nella gestione del rischio a scala locale.
Characteristics and triggering mechanism of Xinmo village landslide on 24 June 2017 in Sichuan, China
Su, L., Hu, K., Zhang, W., Wang, J., Lei, Y., Zhang, C., Cui, P., Pasuto, A., Zheng, Q., 2017, Characteristics and triggering mechanism of Xinmo village landslide on 24 June 2017 in Sichuan, China,
Journal of mountain science (Online) 14 (2017): 1689–1700. doi_10.1007/s11629-017-4609-3,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs11629-017-4609-3
Abstract
At 5_ 39 AM on 24 June 2017, a huge landslide-debris avalanche occurred on Fugui ...
At 5_ 39 AM on 24 June 2017, a huge landslide-debris avalanche occurred on Fugui Mountain at Xinmo village, Diexi town, Maoxian county, Sichuan province, China. The debris blocked the Songpinggou River for about 2 km, resulting in a heavy loss of both human lives and properties (10 deaths, 3 injuries, 73 missing, and 103 houses completely destroyed). The objectives of this paper are to understand the overall process and triggering factors of this landslide and to explore the affecting factors for its long term evolution before failure. Post event surveys were carried out the day after the landslide occurrence. Information was gathered from literature and on-site investigation and measurement.
Topography, landforms, lithology, geological setting, earthquake history, meteorological and hydrological data of the area were analysed. Aerial photographs and other remote sensing information were used for evaluation and discussion. Eye witnesses also provided a lot of helpful information for us to understand the process of initiation, development and deposition. The depositional characteristics of the moving material as well as the traces of the movement, the structural features of the main scarp and the seismic waves induced by the slide are presented and discussed in detail in this paper. The results show that the mechanism of the landslide is a sudden rupture of the main block caused by the instability of a secondary block at a higher position. After the initiation, the failed rock mass at higher position overloaded the main block at the lower elevation and collapsed in tandem. Fragmentation of the rock mass occurred later, thus forming a debris avalanche with high mobility. This landslide case indicates that such seismic events could influence geological hazards for over 80 years and this study provides reference to the long term susceptibility and risk assessment of secondary geological hazards from earthquake.
GIS tools for preliminary debris-flow assessment at regional scale
Lorenzo Marchi, Marco Cavalli, Stefano Crema, Sebastiano Trevisani, 2017, GIS tools for preliminary debris-flow assessment at regional scale,
31st Session FAO EFC WPMMW - , 4-6 September 2017, Prague (Czech Republic), 4-6/09/2017,
Geomorphic response to an extreme flood in two Mediterranean rivers (northeastern Sardinia, Italy): Analysis of controlling factors
Righini M.; Surian N.; Wohl E.; Marchi L.; Comiti F.; Amponsah W.; Borga M., 2017, Geomorphic response to an extreme flood in two Mediterranean rivers (northeastern Sardinia, Italy): Analysis of controlling factors,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 290 (2017). doi_10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.04.014,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2017.04.014
Abstract
A high-magnitude, low-frequency flash flood affected two ungauged rivers (northeastern Sardinia, Italy) on 18 November ...
A high-magnitude, low-frequency flash flood affected two ungauged rivers (northeastern Sardinia, Italy) on 18 November 2013. This study investigates the response of channel reaches in a Mediterranean environment featuring different morphological settings (i.e., alluvial, semialluvial, and bedrock boundaries) with the aims of (i) detecting the morphological effects of this large flood and (ii) analyzing a range of morphological and hydraulic variables as potential controlling factors of channel response. Channel widening was the dominant geomorphic response observed, and it occurred at different magnitudes among the study subreaches. Within individual subreaches, channel width increased from 1.1 to 6.2 times the pre-flood width. A significant trend in channel widening is observed, especially in alluvial subreaches where the narrowest channels were prone to enlarge more compared to the widest channels. Considerable erosion of valley sides also occurred in confined and partly confined semialluvial and bedrock subreaches. A range of parameters influenced the geomorphic role of the flood, and a series of selected morphological and hydraulic controlling factors showed robust correlations with changes in channel width, although correlations were stronger in alluvial subreaches. Analysis and documentation of channel response and its variability through different morphological settings is crucial to provide a basis from which to forecast future river sensitivity to geomorphic adjustment to high-magnitude floods and improve flood management strategies.
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