GULLA' G. (Responsabile scientifico), L. ACETO, L. ANTRONICO, L. BORRELLI, R. COSCARELLI, A.A. PASQUA, O. PETRUCCI, C. REALI, S. GUARDIA, E. VALENTE, 2014, Aggiornamento del livello di rischio residuo – Comune di Maierato. Convenzione di consulenza tecnico-scientifica per “Studi ed indagini geologiche, geotecniche, idrologiche ed idrauliche nel comune di Maierato”, “Monitoraggio finalizzato alla gestione dell’emergenza nel comune di Maierato”, “Studi ed indagini geologiche, geotecniche, idrologiche ed idrauliche nella frazione Ianò del comune di Catanzaro”, “Monitoraggio finalizzato alla gestione dell’emergenza nella frazione Ianò del comune di Catanzaro”, “Monitoraggio delle strutture nella frazione Ianò del comune di Catanzaro”,
2014,
Abstract
Studi ed indagini geologiche, geotecniche, idrologiche ed idrauliche nel comune di Maierato, Monitoraggio finalizzato alla ...
Studi ed indagini geologiche, geotecniche, idrologiche ed idrauliche nel comune di Maierato, Monitoraggio finalizzato alla gestione dell'emergenza nel comune di Maierato
GULLA' G. (Responsabile scientifico), L. ACETO, L. ANTRONICO, L. BORRELLI, R. COSCARELLI, A.A. PASQUA, O. PETRUCCI, C. REALI, S. GUARDIA, E. VALENTE, 2014, Relazione attività svolte – Comune di Maierato. Convenzione di consulenza tecnico-scientifica per “Studi ed indagini geologiche, geotecniche, idrologiche ed idrauliche nel comune di Maierato”, “Monitoraggio finalizzato alla gestione dell’emergenza nel comune di Maierato”, “Studi ed indagini geologiche, geotecniche, idrologiche ed idrauliche nella frazione Ianò del comune di Catanzaro”, “Monitoraggio finalizzato alla gestione dell’emergenza nella frazione Ianò del comune di Catanzaro”, “Monitoraggio delle strutture nella frazione Ianò del comune di Catanzaro”,
2014,
Abstract
Studi ed indagini geologiche, geotecniche, idrologiche ed idrauliche nel comune di Maierato, Monitoraggio finalizzato alla ...
Studi ed indagini geologiche, geotecniche, idrologiche ed idrauliche nel comune di Maierato, Monitoraggio finalizzato alla gestione dell'emergenza nel comune di Maierato
Nicodemo G., Ferlisi S., Peduto D., Cascini L., Gullà G., Borrelli L., Fornaro G., 2014, Analisi di livello preliminare delle conseguenze indotte agli edifice da frane a cinematica lenta,
Incontro Annuale Ricercatori di Geotecnica - IARG 2014, Università degli Studi "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, 14-16 Luglio 2014,
Abstract
L'analisi delle conseguenze indotte agli edifici da frane a cinematica lenta riveste un ruolo fondamentale
nell'ambito ...
L'analisi delle conseguenze indotte agli edifici da frane a cinematica lenta riveste un ruolo fondamentale
nell'ambito delle attività di gestione del rischio. Con riferimento all'area urbanizzata del Comune di Verbicaro
(CS), la presente comunicazione evidenzia come l'uso congiunto di dati derivanti dall'elaborazione di immagini
satellitari acquisite da sensori Radar ad Apertura Sintetica (SAR) mediante tecniche interferometriche
differenziali (DInSAR) e i risultati del rilievo del danno agli edifici possa contribuire, ad un livello preliminare,
ad individuare le relazioni che si stabiliscono tra causa (cinematismi dei corpi di frana attivi) ed effetti (danni
alle strutture in elevazione) nonché ad indirizzare le analisi della vulnerabilità fisica mediante metodi empirici o
numerici ad un livello intermedio e/o avanzato.
Ciurleo M., Cascini L., Di Nocera S., Gullà G., 2014, L’Analisi di frane superficiali in terreni a grana fine,
XXV Convegno Nazionale di Geotecnica, pp. 449–456, Baveno, 2014,
Abstract
Le frane superficiali in terreni a grana fine, non collassabili e fisicamente alterati, si sviluppano ...
Le frane superficiali in terreni a grana fine, non collassabili e fisicamente alterati, si sviluppano usualmente come fenomeni multipli in aree di rilevante estensione e, come tali, possono causare serie conseguenze economiche ed ambientali. Caratteristica, questa, che rende la previsione delle aree potenzialmente instabili un obiettivo di interesse primario sia in termini di pianificazione territoriale e sia di stabilizzazione dei versanti. Pur in presenza di un numero ridotto di contributi nella letteratura scientifica nazionale ed internazionale, nella quale sono prevalentemente presenti studi su aspetti specifici condotti con un approccio di tipo monodisciplinare, la presente nota mostra come l'obiettivo della previsione spaziale di fenomeni che si caratterizzano per le loro ridottissime dimensioni possa essere perseguito a diverse scale topografiche di riferimento con un approccio multidisciplinare che esalta, rendendoli tra loro sinergici, i contributi propri della Geologia e della Geotecnica.
Gullà G., Borrelli L., Maiorano S.C., Aceto L., 2014, Analisi del rischio in ambito urbano_ il caso di studio di Curinga (CZ-Calabria),
XXV Convegno Nazionale di Geotecnica, pp. 563–570, Baveno, 2014,
Abstract
Numerosi abitati della Calabria presentano significative porzioni di territorio classificate a rischio R3 e R4 ...
Numerosi abitati della Calabria presentano significative porzioni di territorio classificate a rischio R3 e R4 (elevato e
molto elevato) sulla base del PAI. La classificazione richiamata può essere utilizzata per delineare le priorità di
intervento in ambito regionale, utilizzando ad esempio l'estensione delle aree a rischio R3 e R4, ma non consente di
procedere alla pianificazione delle risorse a scala comunale. Nella nota si illustra pertanto una metodologia per
individuare le priorità di intervento in un ambito urbano, che consente di supportare la rimodulazione delle priorità in
ambito regionale. In particolare, è proposto un indicatore aggiuntivo di rischio definito con riferimento ad un modello
geotecnico preliminare delle frane individuate come rappresentative dell'ambito urbano di interesse su base geologicogeomorfologica.
Riferendosi al quadro conoscitivo disponibile, per ognuna delle frane rappresentative è individuato il
modello geotecnico preliminare ed è condotta un'analisi di sensitività delle condizioni di stabilità, con Metodi
dell'Equilibrio Limite. L'analisi di sensitività fornisce i valori di uno dei due indicatori aggiuntivi, assegnati ai
fenomeni di frana presenti nell'abitato di interesse ed utilizzati per definire un indicatore complessivo. L'indicatore
aggiuntivo complessivo consente di precisare la classificazione indicizzata del rischio di ognuna delle frane considerate.
La metodologia è applicata per l'abitato di Curinga, nella provincia di Catanzaro, interessato da numerosi fenomeni di
frana che coinvolgono terreni prodotti dall'alterazione di rocce cristalline e rocce cristalline fratturate e alterate. I
risultati ottenuti possono essere utilizzati per definire le priorità degli interventi di mitigazione e riduzione del rischio a
scala comunale, e per desumere indicazioni relativamente agli approfondimenti di studio e di indagine necessari per la
progettazione degli stessi interventi.
Gullà G., Fornaro G., Borrelli L., Antronico L., Reale D., Verde S., 2014, Integrazione progressiva di dati geotecnici e da satellite nell’analisi del rischio da frana in area urbana_ il quartiere di Ianò-Catanzaro,
XXV Convegno Nazionale di Geotecnica, pp. 571–578, Baveno, 2014,
Abstract
Nel febbraio del 2010, e nell'inverno 2008-2009, numerose aree urbane della Calabria sono state interessate ...
Nel febbraio del 2010, e nell'inverno 2008-2009, numerose aree urbane della Calabria sono state interessate da diffusi
fenomeni di frana. Fra queste il popoloso quartiere di Ianò, nel comune di Catanzaro, dove si determinò una grave
condizione di emergenza. L'area di interesse risulta in larga parte classificata a rischio molto elevato (R4) nel PAI
Calabria. Per le finalità indicate nell'Ordinanza P.C.M. n. 3862/2010 e negli approfondimenti successivi, sono stati
condotti rilievi, indagini e monitoraggi. L'area su cui insiste il quartiere di Ianò, a Nord del centro di Catanzaro, è
caratterizzata dalla presenza di creste costituite dalle testate di strato di arenarie e di concavità morfologiche riempite da
colluvioni. Le frane presenti sono del tipo scorrimento roto-traslazionale, a volte con evoluzione in colata della porzione
terminale. In particolare, le frane del febbraio 2010 sono prevalentemente riattivazioni parziali di fenomeni franosi
preesistenti. Per finalità conoscitive e per supportare la gestione della fase di post-emergenza è stata realizzata una rete
integrata di monitoraggio (verticali attrezzate con piezometri e con tubi inclinometrici, capisaldi GPS). L'attività di
monitoraggio ha tratto beneficio dall'elaborazione di una serie di immagini radar ad apertura sintetica (SAR), acquisita
dal satellite TerraSAR-X, attraverso tecniche di Interferometria Differenziale. L'uso dell'approccio interferometrico ha
condotto alla stima di mappe di spostamento sull'intera area di interesse, con accuratezze sub-centimetriche e
risoluzioni spaziali dell'ordine di 2 m. Nella nota, partendo da una valutazione del rischio residuo da frana condotta su
base geologico-geomorfologica, sono proposti alcuni semplici criteri per integrare progressivamente nella stessa
valutazione le indicazioni desumibili dall'elaborazione di dati satellitari e dal monitoraggio geotecnico degli
spostamenti.
Gullà G., Maiorano S.C., Borrelli L., Aceto L., Reali C., Niceforo D., 2014, Gestione ed accettabilità del rischio di frane profonde_ il caso di Acri (CS),
XXV Convegno Nazionale di Geotecnica, pp. 579–585, Baveno, 2014,
Abstract
Le frane profonde (spessori superiori a circa 30-35 m), diffusamente presenti in numerosi contesti geo-ambientali,
sovente ...
Le frane profonde (spessori superiori a circa 30-35 m), diffusamente presenti in numerosi contesti geo-ambientali,
sovente determinano per le infrastrutture stradali condizioni di rischio. La riduzione del rischio nelle situazioni
richiamate è difficilmente conseguibile con interventi strutturali di adeguata efficacia e di costo sostenibile. Dove è
possibile si procede modificando il tracciato stradale, ma questa soluzione può non essere completamente risolutiva. Un
esempio della problematica richiamata si ritrova nella località Serra di Buda, nel comune di Acri (CS), dove una frana
profonda, che coinvolge un ammasso gneissico variamente e profondamente alterato e degradato, interessa la Strada
Statale N. 660, principale via di accesso all'abitato di Acri. Per la frana profonda di Serra di Buda, che ricade all'interno
di una più ampia Deformazione Gravitativa Profonda di Versante, è stato definito il modello geologico e di evoluzione e
il modello geotecnico, che consente di simulare adeguatamente l'andamento nel tempo degli spostamenti. La frana di
interesse è uno scorrimento traslazionale, con uno spessore massimo di circa 50 m, con la principale superficie di
scorrimento che si sviluppa prevalentemente nella zona costituita da roccia completamente degradata. Nella nota,
utilizzando i dati acquisiti dal monitoraggio degli spostamenti superficiali condotto con GPS, sono individuate alcune
grandezze, ed i valori assunti dalle stesse, indicativi delle condizioni di rischio e delle possibili condizioni di
transitabilità del tratto di sede stradale interessato dalla frana profonda. Le grandezze ed i valori individuati sono quindi
utilizzati per definire criteri di accettabilità per la gestione del rischio dell'infrastruttura stradale nel tratto di interesse.
Gullà G., Nico G., Borrelli L., Di Pasquale A., Antronico L., 2014, Monitoraggio integrato per il controllo di una frana antica nell’abitato di Maierato (VV-Calabria),
XXV Convegno Nazionale di Geotecnica;, pp. 587–593, Baveno, 2014,
Abstract
Nel febbraio del 2010 nei pressi dell'abitato di Maierato, in provincia di Vibo Valentia, si ...
Nel febbraio del 2010 nei pressi dell'abitato di Maierato, in provincia di Vibo Valentia, si è verificata una frana
profonda, evoluta in colata veloce, che ha determinato una condizione di grave emergenza. Le attività di studio e
indagine condotte nell'ambito dell'Ordinanza della Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri n. 3862/2010 ed i successivi
approfondimenti, hanno evidenziato la presenza di un'antica frana nella parte sud dell'abitato, in località Vonace. In
particolare, lo studio geologico-strutturale e geomorfologico ha evidenziato che si tratta di un antico scorrimento in
blocco, costituito da calcare evaporitico messiniano, con movimento lungo una superficie a basso angolo, localizzata
all'interno delle sottostanti marne emipelagiche tortoniano-messiniane, prossima al contatto stratigrafico tra le due
unità. L'antica scarpata di frana è attualmente modellata ed il blocco di calcare evaporitico traslato si trova nella parte
bassa del versante. Su base geologico-geomorfologica non sussistono elementi riconducibili ad una riattivazione dello
scorrimento in blocco e un'analoga indicazione si desume dall'analisi di sensitività delle condizioni di stabilità condotta
con riferimento al modello geotecnico preliminare. I tempi e le risorse necessari per continuare gli approfondimenti di
studio, e la presenza in località Vonace di elementi geologico-strutturali simili a quelli riscontrati nel versante coinvolto
dalla frana del febbraio 2010, suggeriscono l'opportunità di utilizzare il monitoraggio per il controllo dell'area e per
individuare variazioni significative di grandezze correlabili alle condizioni di instabilità. Nella nota è pertanto illustrata
una sperimentazione che vede l'utilizzo di un monitoraggio che considera l'integrazione dei dati acquisiti da misure
GPS, inclinometriche e da Ground-Based SAR (GBSAR). In particolare, l'analisi delle misure eseguite fornisce
indicazioni circa lo stato di attività della frana antica considerata. Le indicazioni desunte dalla sperimentazione condotta
forniscono gli elementi per precisare la strategia di monitoraggio integrato, con tecniche tradizionali e tecnologie
innovative, finalizzata al controllo nel medio-lungo termine delle condizioni di movimento ed alla mitigazione del
rischio da frana in località Vonace. I risultati ottenuti indirizzano, inoltre, la prosecuzione degli approfondimenti di
studio in corso.
Gullà G., Petrucci O., 2014, Integrazione normativa della gestione del rischio da frana e pianificazione urbanistica in Calabria,
XXV Convegno Nazionale di Geotecnica, pp. 595–601, Baveno, 2014,
Abstract
La gestione del rischio da frana trova importanti riferimenti nei Piani Stralcio per l'Assetto idrogeologico ...
La gestione del rischio da frana trova importanti riferimenti nei Piani Stralcio per l'Assetto idrogeologico (PAI) adottati
a livello regionale. Gli aspetti normativi definiti nei PAI presentano interazioni con la normativa urbanistica regionale e,
non di rado, il quadro complessivo in cui si deve operare per la gestione del rischio da frana non è definito con la
chiarezza che la problematica richiede. Considerando il quadro normativo vigente nella Regione Calabria relativamente
al PAI ed alla legge urbanistica, si propone un esame dei principali riferimenti normativi finalizzato a fornire una
rivisitazione integrata che ha come obiettivo l'efficacia e la strutturazione dei testi, per semplificare il lavoro di quanti
sono chiamati a vario titolo alla gestione del rischio da frana. L'esame è svolto con riferimento alla Legge urbanistica
regionale 19/2002 (Norme per la tutela, governo ed uso del territorio) con le modifiche e le integrazioni di cui alle leggi
23/2002, 8/2003, 8/2005, 14/2006, 9/2007, 21/2007, alle Linee guida della pianificazione regionale e schema base della
carta regionale dei luoghi in attuazione della Legge Urbanistica della Calabria 19/2002, del Piano Stralcio per l'Assetto
Idrogeologico (ai sensi dell'art. 1-bis della legge 365/2000, dell'art.17 della legge 183/1989 e dell'art.1 della legge
267/1998) e del Quadro Territoriale Regionale a valenza Paesaggistica. La nota evidenzia gli aspetti operativi delle
norme di salvaguardia dalle frane, con riferimento agli strumenti della pianificazione, individuando le sovrapposizioni
di competenze e gli elementi di complicazione. Sulla base dei punti indicati sono proposti alcuni riferimenti per la
rimodulazione dei criteri di salvaguardia per le aree in frana, inquadrati in un'ipotesi di architettura normativa
strutturata volta a rendere più efficace l'applicazione della stessa normativa.
Gullà G., 2014, Field monitoring in sample sites_ hydrological response of slopes with reference to widespread landslide events,
Procedia earth and planetary science 9 (2014): 44–53. doi_10.1016/J.PROEPS.2014.06.008,
DOI: 10.1016%2FJ.PROEPS.2014.06.008
Abstract
The field monitoring is an essential tool to define geotechnical model able to assess landslide ...
The field monitoring is an essential tool to define geotechnical model able to assess landslide stability conditions, with particular reference to the hydrological response of the slopes in presence of widespread landslide events -- the occurrence of several landslides trough wide areas. The results relative to two sample sites, representative of study areas characterised by homogeneous geological elements and where field monitoring has been carried out for adequate time intervals, are illustrated in the paper. In particular, we consider an area with outcroppings formed by a sort of "melange structure" made up of blocks and fragments of phyllites, clays, shales, ect., in a prevalently clayey matrix (Lungro sample site), and an area where are present rocks and soils deriving from weathering of crystalline rocks ("Serra di Buda", Acri, sample site). In the Lungro sample site a piezometer monitoring network and a rain gauge give indications about the hydrological response of the slopes in an urban area; in the "Serra di Buda" sample site the piezometer levels measured for a long time period, and the rainfall, permit to identify some relationships
between the cumulative rainfall and the piezometric levels. Values of cumulative rainfall of about 700 mm on 120 days represent a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for critical stability conditions in the considered sample sites, in relation to possible scenarios of widespread landslide events.
Borrelli L., Critelli S., Gullà G., Muto F., 2014, Weathering grade and geotectonics of thr wester-central Mucone River basin (Calabria, Italy),
Journal of maps (2014). doi_10.1080/17445647.2014.933719,
DOI: 10.1080%2F17445647.2014.933719
Abstract
This paper illustrates the compilation of an engineering geological map based on structural
architecture and weathering ...
This paper illustrates the compilation of an engineering geological map based on structural
architecture and weathering grade of crystalline rocks occurring in the central-western
portions of the Mucone River basin (Sila Massif, Calabria, Italy). The map, drawn at
1_10,000 scale and covering an area of about 100 km2, was compiled by combining new
geological and structural data with the results of a weathering-grade field survey. Five
weathering classes, each characterized by comparable mechanical behaviour, have been
mapped, from the class VI (residual and colluvial soils) to class II (slightly weathered rock).
Both qualitative and semi-quantitative criteria (e.g. rock colour, discolouration processes,
samples broken by hand and hammer, sound of the rock when it is struck by a geological
hammer, Schmidt Hammer tests) were used to distinguish and map weathering-grade classes
at outcrop scale.
The thematic map presented in this paper aims to provide a useful tool for land planning
policy, for the evaluation of geological and geotechnical hazard and for environmental and
engineering perspectives of land use.
Perri F., Borrelli L., Gullà G., Critelli S., 2014, Chemical and minero-petropgraphic features of Plio-Pleistocene fine-grained sediments in Calabria, southern Italy,
Italian Journal of Geosciences (Testo stamp.) 133 (2014): 101–115. doi_10.3301/IJG.2013.17,
DOI: 10.3301%2FIJG.2013.17
Abstract
The composition of Plio-Pleistocene fine-grained sediments
from different areas of Calabria (southern Italy), have been studied
to ...
The composition of Plio-Pleistocene fine-grained sediments
from different areas of Calabria (southern Italy), have been studied
to unravel the interplay of provenance. The use of multivariate statistical
methods (e.g., PCA) based on biplot, allows for the discrimination
of different groups of sediments. The general chemical composition
of the fine-grained samples reflects the mineralogical
variation observed in the sediments, which are composed of phyllosilicates,
quartz, calcite, dolomite and feldspars. The I-S mixed
layers, 10 Å-minerals (illite and micas) are the most abundant phyllosilicates,
chlorite and kaolinite are present in variable amounts,
and smectite and chlorite/smectite mixed layers are presents in trace
amounts. These chemical and mineralogical variations are also confirmed
by SEM analysis, which also demonstrates that phyllosilicates
are characterized by open and folded structures with generation
of neoformed clay minerals. Provenance proxies and element
ratios testify greater input of felsic source rocks, with lack of a
marked mafic-ultramafic detritus input for all studied sediments,
and the minero-petrographical features of the studied fine-grained
sediments. These chemical and mineralogical variations are also
confirmed by SEM analysis showing abundant phyllosilicate minerals
for Groups 1 (Crotone Basin) and 2 (Crati Graben) and high content
of quartz and feldspars grains for Group 4 (Catanzaro Graben)
samples, probably due to abundant siliciclastic input coming from
plutonic-metamorphic source and associated Mesozoic to Miocene
sedimentary sources (Sila and Serre Massifs), and abundant calcium-
carbonate phases mainly related to the presence of planktonic
calcareous microfossils (Globigerina and coccoliths) for Groups 3
(southern Ionian coast) and 5 (southern Tyrrhenian coast).
Furthermore, paleogeographic reconstructions characterized by
re-establishment of open-marine conditions in the Mediterranean
following the Messinian salinity crisis at the beginning of the
Pliocene, play an important role. A progressive increase in the connectivity
of Mediterranean sub-basins with the Atlantic (e.g., subbasins
at the south of the Catanzaro Strait, characterized by normal
water supply) and Paratethys (e.g., sub-basins at the north of the
Catanzaro Strait, characterized by freshwater supply) can be envisaged
during the Neogene period; this paleogeographic reconstruction
may also explain the different composition among the studied
samples.
Borrelli L., Perri F., Critelli S. Gullà G., 2014, Characterization of granitoid and gneissc weathering profiles of the Mucone River basin (Calabria, southern Italy),
Catena (Cremling.) (2014): 325–340.,
Abstract
The paper deals with the development of a multidisciplinary research on weathering profiles of granitoid ...
The paper deals with the development of a multidisciplinary research on weathering profiles of granitoid and
gneissic rocks related to tectonic and landscape evolution of the western Sila Grande Massif (Calabria, southern
Italy). Field scale observations and petrographical andmineralogical features are used to characterize in detail the
weathering processes. The weathering profiles of the granitoid cut slopes are generally simple showing a progressive
weathering increase toward the top of the slopes, whereas the weathering profiles of the gneissic cut
slopes are generally complexwith irregularities in the spatial distribution ofweathered horizons. The microfabric
and petrographic analyses show that gneissic samples (classes V-VI of weathering grade) are characterized by
higher percentage of altered minerals and microfracture and void rather than granitoid samples (classes V-VI
of weathering grade). The main mineralogical changes concern the partial transformation of biotite and the partial
destruction of feldspars (mainly plagioclases), associated with the neoformation of secondaryminerals (clay
minerals and Fe-oxides) and with a substitution of the original rock fabric. Neoformed clay minerals and ferruginous
products replaced feldspars and biotite during the most advanced weathering stage. Referred as physical
changes coupled with chemical variations, the final results of weathering process are a soil-like material characterized
by sand-gravel grain-size fraction for the granitoid rocks and by both silt-clay and sand-silt grain-size
fraction for the gneissic rocks. This generally produces a greater value of the SGI (Sand Generation Index) for
granitoids and explains the great productivity in sandy deposits of this lithology.
Borrelli L., Perri F., Critelli S. Gullà G., 2014, Corrigendum to “Characterization of granitoid and gneissc weathering profiles of the Mucone River basin (Calabria, southern Italy)”.,
Catena (Cremling.) (2014).,
Abstract
The paper deals with the development of a multidisciplinary research on weathering profiles of granitoid ...
The paper deals with the development of a multidisciplinary research on weathering profiles of granitoid and
gneissic rocks related to tectonic and landscape evolution of the western Sila Grande Massif (Calabria, southern
Italy). Field scale observations and petrographical andmineralogical features are used to characterize in detail the
weathering processes. The weathering profiles of the granitoid cut slopes are generally simple showing a progressive
weathering increase toward the top of the slopes, whereas the weathering profiles of the gneissic cut
slopes are generally complexwith irregularities in the spatial distribution ofweathered horizons. The microfabric
and petrographic analyses show that gneissic samples (classes V-VI of weathering grade) are characterized by
higher percentage of altered minerals and microfracture and void rather than granitoid samples (classes V-VI
of weathering grade). The main mineralogical changes concern the partial transformation of biotite and the partial
destruction of feldspars (mainly plagioclases), associated with the neoformation of secondaryminerals (clay
minerals and Fe-oxides) and with a substitution of the original rock fabric. Neoformed clay minerals and ferruginous
products replaced feldspars and biotite during the most advanced weathering stage. Referred as physical
changes coupled with chemical variations, the final results of weathering process are a soil-like material characterized
by sand-gravel grain-size fraction for the granitoid rocks and by both silt-clay and sand-silt grain-size
fraction for the gneissic rocks. This generally produces a greater value of the SGI (Sand Generation Index) for
granitoids and explains the great productivity in sandy deposits of this lithology.
Nigrelli G., Raschellà M., Meo R., 2014, Un database relazionale web-based sulle rotte nell’arginatura maestra del Fiume Po,
GEAM. Geoingegneria ambientale e mineraria LI (2014): 49–54.,
Abstract
In this paper we present a web-based relational database on the main levee breaches of ...
In this paper we present a web-based relational database on the main levee breaches of the Po river (Northern Italy), which have occurred since the year 1880 until today in the section of the river between the towns of Zerbo (Pavia province) and Serravalle (Ferrara province). The database contains more than 200 fact sheets that show the information for each levee failure. For each fact sheet are attached documents, recent maps and historical maps. The access at the database is free of charge and the web interface includes 88 pages that users can access through a simple and intuitive graphical user interface. The relational database and web application were developed through free open source solutions (Apache, MySQL and PHP). This database may provide a valid support at the environmental protection agencies and a valuable technical aid during the forecasting and monitoring phases of rainfall events and help in the design of defense interventions directed at the
prevention and mitigation of hydraulic and geologic risk.
Petrucci, O., Pasqua A.A., 2014, Stima del danno indotto da eventi di frana_ un esempio in Calabria,
Atti dei convegni lincei 283 (2014): 185–196.,
Abstract
La nota presenta una metodologia per la stima del danno indotto da eventi di frana, ...
La nota presenta una metodologia per la stima del danno indotto da eventi di frana, ovvero periodi durante i quali i danni causati da frane innescate dalle piogge hanno danneggiato vaste aree. L'approccio richiede una limitata quantità di dati generalmente reperibili e si basa sulla valutazione delle tre componenti del danno_ diretto, indiretto e intangibile. Un'applicazione ai maggiori eventi di frana verificatisi in Calabria nel periodo 1960-1999, evidenzia come la rete viaria rappresenti l'elemento più vulnerabile e costituisca, con le sue frequenti interruzioni, una fonte di danno intangibile per la popolazione costretta all'uso di strade alternative con conseguente rallentamento delle attività quotidiane. La voce più importante del danno indiretto è rappresentata dalle spese sostenute dalle amministrazioni per alloggiare gli sfollati allontanati dalle loro abitazioni rese inagibili delle frane
Manconi, Andrea and Giordan, Daniele, 2014, Using Landslide Failure Forecast Models in Near Real Time_ the Mt. de La Saxe case-study,
EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna, 2014,
Polemio M.; Romanazzi A., 2014, A large scale model approach finalise to management of resource_ the case of Salento (South Italy),
41st IAH International Congress, Marrakech (Morocco), 15-19/09/2014,
A. ROMANAZZI, R. DE ROSA, C. APOLLARO, CIANFLONE G., DOMINICI R., VESPASIANO G., MOLINARI P., POLEMIO M., 2014, Temporal evolution of a coastal aquifer in presence of seawater intrusion_ the case of Sibari plain (Southern Italy).,
41st IAH International Congress, Marrakech (Morocco), 15-19/09/2014,
Polemio M.; Romanazzi A., 2014, A large scale model approach finalise to management of resource_ the case of Salento (South Italy),
41st IAH International Congress, Marrakech (Morocco), 15-19/09/2014,
Abstract
The general purpose of this paper is to prove the capability of numerical models in ...
The general purpose of this paper is to prove the capability of numerical models in management of groundwater resources and in particular for achieve forecast scenarios to evaluate the impacts of climate change on them. A large-scale approach was chosen. The active domain of the study area (active cells) cover approximately 2,300 km2 with 45,925 cells. Vertically, the area was divided into 12 layers to allow a good lithological and hydrogeological discretization. Thickness and geometry of layers was defined on the 3D knowledge of hydrogeological complexes. Climatic, hydrological, geological, hydrological and agricultural acquisitions were processing and became the input for a variable-density flow and transport numerical modelling. MODFLOW and SEAWAT was used. Qualitative and quantitative groundwater trends from 1930 to 2060 was so defined. To achieve predictive scenarios for the management of coastal groundwater resources could be necessary take into account climate changes, with regard particularly to temperature, precipitation, sea level and seawater salinity. The purpose was assessing the effects of climate change on groundwater availability and quality. Results show an important piezometric decrease and an increment of seawater intrusion and in consequence a deterioration of groundwater resource. For these requires different scenarios of pumping were considered to study and manage the reaction of the aquifer with reference to seawater intrusion effects. In others words, the same pumping was redistributed in the different areas consider a quality criterion, simple to use especially in those areas where policy of groundwater resource scientifically based is absent.
A. ROMANAZZI, R. DE ROSA, C. APOLLARO, CIANFLONE G., DOMINICI R., VESPASIANO G., MOLINARI P., POLEMIO M., 2014, Temporal evolution of a coastal aquifer in presence of seawater intrusion_ the case of Sibari plain (Southern Italy).,
41st IAH International Congress, Marrakech (Morocco), 15-19/09/2014,
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present the modeling of a coastal porous aquifer ...
The aim of this paper is to present the modeling of a coastal porous aquifer located in the plain of Sibari (Southern Italy) to establish the effect of seawater intrusion since the well discharge was negligible (natural conditions), to current overexploitation. Qualitative and quantitative groundwater trends from 1930 to 2000 were so defined. This temporal evolution of groundwater resource will be used for forecasting purpose and for evaluate new management tools for a sustainable use of water resource. Study area is about 365 km2 for a coastline of about 35 km. The area can be conceptualized into three hydrogeological complexes (from the top): Sand and Clay, Clay and Silt, Sand and Conglomerate, this last constituting the deep confined aquifer, the bottom of which is not well-defined. Shallow aquifer is predominantly fed by direct rainwater infiltration. Deep aquifer is fed by outflows of the mountainous aquifers as the case of limestone aquifer of Pollino Mount and of shallow granitic aquifer of the Sila massif. The computer codes selected for numerical groundwater modelling were MODFLOW and SEAWAT. Model was calibrated with PEST code with a correlation coefficient equal to 0,90. The water balance of both aquifers was calculated. A relevant decrease of piezometric surface and increasing effects of seawater intrusion were observed in the shallow aquifer. Low modification of piezometric levels and salinity were observed in the deep aquifer. These preliminary results and next result scenarios will be used together with on-going survey data to assess trend of future groundwater availability and quality.
Facello, Anna and Giordan, Daniele and Allasia, Paolo and Manconi, Andrea and Baldo, Marco and Dell'Anese, Federico, 2014, Use of UAV to monitor and manage the territory during geo-hydrological hazards,
EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna, 2014,
P. Salvati (1), O. Petrucci (2), M.C. Llasat (3), M. Llasat-Botija (3), A. Aurora Pasqua (2), C.
Bianchi (1), P. Giostrella (1), F. Guzzetti (1), 2014, Effects of damaging geo-hydrological events on people_ an insight into physical causes and individual behaviours,
8th HyMex Workshop 15-18 September 2014, Valletta, Malta, Valletta, Malta, 15-18 September 2014,
M.C. Llasat (1), O. Petrucci (2), J. Gilabert (1), A.A. Pasqua (2), M. Llasat-Botija (1), R.
Marcos (1), M. Turco (3), P. Quintana (4), J. Rossello (5), 2014, A bottom-up approach to historical floods characterization,
8th HyMex Workshop 15-18 September 2014, Valletta, Malta, Valletta, Malta, 15-18 September 2014,
O. Petrucci (1), M.C. Llasat (2), M. Llasat-Botija (2), A.A. Pasqua (1), J. Rosselló (3), 2014, The November 2013 transnational damaging event_ causes and effects in Catalonia, Calabria and Balearic Islands,
8th HyMex Workshop 15-18 September 2014, Valletta, Malta, Valletta, Malta, 15-18 September 2014,
Castaldo R, Tizzani P, Lollino P, Calò F, Ardizzone F, Manunta M, Guzzetti F, Lanari R, 2014, The Ivancich active landslide process (Assisi, Central Italy) analysed via numerical modeling jointly optimized by DInSAR and inclinometric data,
IAEG XII CONGRESS, Torino, 15-19 Settembre 2014,
Nigrelli G., Viotti A., Chiarle M., 2014, The Arguerey and Breuil glaciers (Aosta Valley, NW Italy),
International Symposium on "The Future of the glaciers, From the past to the next 100 years", Torino, 18-21 settembre 2014,
Lucchesi S., Chiarle M., Bertotto S., Fioraso G., Nigrelli G, 2014, Recently deglaciated areas, permafrost and natural instability in the Orco and Lanzo valleys (NW Italy),
Congresso SGI-SIMP 2014, Società Geologica Italiana, Milano, 10-12 settembre 2014,
Chiarle M., Fioraso G., Nigrelli G., Bertotto S., Lucchesi S., 2014, Geomorphological evolution and hazard in recently deglaciated areas affected by permafrost degradation (Piedmont Alps, Italy),
International Workshop of Glacier and Permafrost Hazards in Mountains (GAPHAZ scientific Group),, Torino, 14 settembre 2014,
Sirangelo B., Caloiero T., Coscarelli R., Ferrari E., 2014, Analisi della variabilità temporale dei lunghi periodi privi di pioggia con un modello stocastico,
XXXIV Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, pp. 177–178, Bari, 7-10 Settembre 2014,
Abstract
L'analisi dei periodi privi di pioggia è oggetto di diversi studi in cui vari tipi ...
L'analisi dei periodi privi di pioggia è oggetto di diversi studi in cui vari tipi di modelli probabilistici sono stati sviluppati per la distribuzione di periodi secchi, sia a scala puntuale che areale (Soule, 1992; Anagnostopoulou et al., 2003; Deni et al., 2010). In generale, la definizione della struttura probabilistica di lunghi periodi asciutti è limitata dallo scarso numero di eventi presenti nella serie storica (Mishra e Singh, 2011). Detta difficoltà può essere superata adottando un approccio stocastico (modelli driven data o fisicamente basati) per l'analisi delle serie idrologiche (Mathier et al., 1992; Shiau e Shen, 2001). Nell'ambito dei modelli stocastici driven data, i più usati sono quelli di Poisson (Snyder, 1975), che possono essere omogenei o non omogenei. In particolare, i modelli poissoniani non omogenei sono stati applicati in vari contesti (Vicini et al., 2012) e nello specifico, in idrologia, per l'analisi delle precipitazioni (Sirangelo et al., 2011) e delle temperature (Abaurrea et al., 2007). Il modello utilizzato per l'analisi dei lunghi periodi privi di pioggia registrata dal pluviometro di Cosenza, in Calabria, è un modello di Poisson non omogeneo con impulsi di durata casuale (Sirangelo et al., 2013). La serie storica è stata sottoposta ai controlli di qualità ed omogeneità dei dati mediante l'applicazione del test di Craddock (Craddock, 1979). Il periodo di osservazione del pluviometro di Cosenza va dal 1916 al 2010 e presenta solo il 2 % di dati mancanti. Poiché il database risulta quasi completo dopo il 1951, solo i dati da questo anno al 2010 sono stati utilizzati per l'analisi con riferimento a due diversi trentenni_ 1951-1980 e 1981-2010. In primo luogo, una serie di Fourier troncata è stata adattata alla variabilità stagionale dei dati, valutando mediante test statistici il numero minimo delle armoniche necessarie per modellare la funzione di intensità del modello di Poisson. I risultati hanno evidenziato differenze nelle distribuzioni dei periodi di siccità nei due trentenni, la cui significatività statistica è stata verificata impiegando una procedura Monte Carlo. La simulazione ha permesso di generare dati sintetici per il primo periodo di 30 anni, le cui statistiche sono state confrontate con quelle del campione relativo al periodo 1981-2010. In particolare sono state riprodotte le principali caratteristiche del processo (numero di arrivi, valore atteso e deviazione standard) da cui si evince la significativa differenza statistica dei due trentenni in termini di valori medi annui dei periodi privi di pioggia. La stessa analisi è stata riprodotta distinguendo i periodi secchi (Maggio-Agosto) e umidi (Ottobre-Marzo) tipici del Sud Italia. I risultati ottenuti hanno confermato una differenza di comportamento tra i due trentenni, statisticamente significativa solo però per il periodo secco.
Al fine di quantificare la variazione di probabilità nel verificarsi di lunghi periodi privi di pioggia, per ogni giorno dell'anno solare, sono state determinate le funzioni di densità di probabilità per i due trentenni relativamente a due diversi valori di durata (20 e 40 giorni), sulla base delle serie sintetiche generate mediante tecniche Monte Carlo. I risultati relativi alla
probabilità di osservare un periodo privo di pioggia, maggiore o uguale a 20 giorni, mostrano un aumento medio di circa il 33% nel 1981-2010 rispetto al 1951-1980. Per periodi maggiori o uguali a 40 giorni, l'incremento di probabilità arriva a circa il 70%.
Un'ulteriore analisi ha riguardato la stima dei tempi di ritorno (T) di lunghi periodi privi di pioggia utilizzando sempre serie di dati generati sinteticamente per i due sottoperiodi. I risultati ottenuti sono riportati in Figura 1, da cui, a titolo di esempio, si evince che, per un periodo secco di 55 giorni, il tempo di ritorno diminuisce da 24 anni (nel 1951-1980) a 13 anni (nel 1981-2010). Allo stesso modo, i tempi di ritorno diminuiscono da 40 a 20 anni, e da 67 a 31 anni per periodi secchi di durata rispettivamente pari a 60 e 65 giorni. Per durate ancora maggiori dei periodi senza pioggia, i periodi di ritorno valutati con i dati sintetici del 1981-2010 risultano essere meno della metà dei corrispondenti periodi di ritorno valutati con i dati generati per il periodo 1951-1980.
V. Juliette Cortes; Simone Sterlacchini; Thom Bogaard; Simone Frigerio; Luca Schenato; Alessandro Pasuto, 2014, Setting priorities for management of hydraulic structures in mountanious catchments,
11th International Conference on Hydroinformatics - HIC 2014, New York City, USA, August 17 - 21, 2014,
Abstract
Trained citizen-volunteers can support civil protection and technical services to inspect the
functional status of hydraulic ...
Trained citizen-volunteers can support civil protection and technical services to inspect the
functional status of hydraulic structures. Volunteers carry out first level inspections of bridges
and check dams by compiling standardised forms while looking the following parameters_ A)
Condition of the structure, B) Level of obstruction at the structure and C) Presence of
protection works and erosion level in the stream bank. The aim of this work is to support
technicians on the evaluation of volunteers' inspections. The output are indexes at parameter
level on the functional status of the inspected structure. To that end, this research presents the
definition and design of a decision support methodology to be implemented as web-based tool.
Technicians evaluate volunteers' inspections at parameter level. First, technicians assign
weights to the components questions of the inspection form assisted by the analytical hierarchy
process (AHP). From available volunteers' inspections, volunteer ratings are systematically
converted into rating scores using fuzzy logic theory. Finally, we used the multi-criteria
TOPSIS method to aggregate the weighted-rating scores into indexes for the functional status
of the structure. Based on those indexes, technicians can set priorities on the management of
hydraulic structures. We established the user requirements based on a case study in the Fella
Basin, Friuli-Venezia-Giulia region, Italy. Future research will test the conceptual design with
actual technicians of the region for improving the methodology and the functional requirements
of the web-based tool.
V. Juliette Cortes; Simone Sterlacchini; Thom Bogaard; Simone Frigerio; Luca Schenato; Alessandro Pasuto, 2014, Decision support methodology to establish priorities on the inspection of structures,
EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna, 27 April - 02 May 2014,
Abstract
For hydro-meteorological hazards in mountain areas, the regular inspection of check dams and bridges is
important ...
For hydro-meteorological hazards in mountain areas, the regular inspection of check dams and bridges is
important due to the effect of their functional status on water-sediment processes. Moreover, the inspection of
these structures is time consuming for organizations due to their extensive number in many regions. However,
trained citizen-volunteers can support civil protection and technical services in the frequency, timeliness and
coverage of monitoring the functional status of hydraulic structures. Technicians should evaluate and validate
these reports to get an index for the status of the structure. Thus, preventive actions could initiate such as the
cleaning of obstructions or to pre-screen potential problems for a second level inspection.
This study proposes a decision support methodology that technicians can use to assess an index for three
parameters representing the functional status of the structure_ a) condition of the structure at the opening of
the stream flow, b) level of obstruction at the structure and c) the level of erosion in the stream bank. The
calculation of the index for each parameter is based upon fuzzy logic theory to handle ranges in precision of the
reports and to convert the linguistic rating scales into numbers representing the structure's status. A weighting
method and multi-criteria method (Analytic Hierarchy Process- AHP and TOPSIS), can be used by technicians to
combine the different ratings according to the component elements of the structure and the completeness of the reports.
Finally, technicians can set decision rules based on the worst rating and a threshold for the functional indexes.
The methodology was implemented as a prototype web-based tool to be tested with technicians of the Civil
Protection in the Fella basin, Northern Italy. Results at this stage comprise the design and implementation of the
web-based tool with GIS interaction to evaluate available reports and to set priorities on the inspection of structures.
Iovine, Giulio (1); Cohen, Denis (2), 2014, Advanced methods in landslide modelling,
Heidelberg: Springer, 2014,
Abstract
Advanced methods in landslide modelling ...
Advanced methods in landslide modelling
Iovine, Giulio (1); Cohen, Denis (2), 2014, Advanced methods in landslide modelling,
Natural hazards (Dordr.) 73 (2014): 1–4. doi_10.1007/s11069-014-1320-3,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs11069-014-1320-3
Abstract
Advanced methods in landslide modelling ...
Advanced methods in landslide modelling
Brardinoni F., Scotti R., Cavalli M., Mair V., 2014, Landslide and debris-flow sediment flux in glacial and periglacial mountain drainage basins of the Eastern Italian Alps,
GSA Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC (Canada), 19-22 October 2014,
Abstract
While it is widely recognized that deglaciation and permafrost degradation can induce generalized instability in ...
While it is widely recognized that deglaciation and permafrost degradation can induce generalized instability in steep mountain terrain, beyond the documentation of single catastrophic mass-wasting events, there appears to be little empirical work on how the colluvial sediment cascade functions under conditions of increasing atmospheric temperature rise in a formerly glaciated landscape structure. Understanding and quantifying the influence of similar transient conditions on mass-wasting processes holds critical long-term implications on the overall sediment flux reshaping post-LGM landscape evolution, as well as more practical short-term applications on water quality issues, damage control to infrastructure, and reservoir siltation.
We present an integrated approach that aims to_ (i) document the spatial distribution of mass-wasting activity and sediment production in the Saldur River basin (97 km2); (ii) detect causal linkages between mass-wasting intensity, the potential spatial distribution of discontinuous permafrost, and patterns of glacier retreat; (iii) identify source-to-sink colluvial sedimentary pathways as modulated by the spatial organization of active and relict glacial and periglacial landforms; and (iv) test the reliability of a geomorphometry-based index of sediment connectivity.
To these ends, we map rock glaciers, protalus ramparts and moraines, and compile a field- and air photo-based multi-temporal (1959-1969-1982-1997-2000-2006-2008-2011) inventory of colluvial sediment sources. We then combine these data with two historical datasets of debris flow and landslide events (both implemented and maintained by the Autonomous Province of Bolzano) and analyse mass-wasting spatial distribution and intensity in relation to proximity to glacier fronts, intact and relict periglacial landforms, and a permafrost index map (i.e., PermaNET; http_//www.permanet-alpinespace.eu/).
This work is part of SedAlp (www.sedalp.eu), a project funded through the Alpine Space Programme, and benefits from COST Action ES1306_ Connecteur.
Comiti F., Bertoldi W., Cavalli M., Theule J., Trevisani S., 2014, Channel morphology through airborne LIDAR data_ recent advances from mountain streams to large rivers.,
34th EARSeL Symposium_ European remote sensing - new opportunities for science and practice, Warsaw (Poland), 16-20 June 2014,
Abstract
Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) surveys are widely used to obtain high-resolution DTMs to be used ...
Airborne Laser Scanner (ALS) surveys are widely used to obtain high-resolution DTMs to be used in
natural hazards preventive analysis, e.g. flood and debris-flow modelling, as well as to reconstruct
sediment budget through DoD (DEM of Difference) analysis, in particular in mountain basins after large
events . In contrast, the use of ALS to capture the morphometric features of stream channels is less
favorable as the infrared signal, characteristic of the most common LiDAR instruments, do not
penetrate deep water bodies and thus do no permit to analyze the wet portion of channels. Yet, surveys
carried out by these instruments can provide sufficient data to characterize and analyze
morphometrically stream channels featuring either very shallow flows relative to bed roughness(e.g.
steep mountain channels) or relatively limited wet areas (e.g. braided rivers). So far, very few
investigations have deployed bathymetric LiDAR surveys, also known as green LiDAR, to map river
systems. Bathymetric LiDAR has the potential to offer high-resolution DTMs for morphometric analysis
in river systems complementary to those mentioned above (i.e. channels with perennial and substantial
wet areas) and where bathymetric surveys using boats are not easily carried out due to fast and
turbulent flows. These conditions are typical of mild-sloping, single-thread or wandering mountain
rivers, widely distributed worldwide, in which detailed morphometric analysis are thus very challenging
when carried out through traditional approaches. We will present a state of the art of morphometric
analyses used to characterize channel morphology, including published and unpublished examples
from step-pool channels as well as from sinuous-meandering and braided rivers, based on both infrared
and green LiDAR data.
Lucia A., Antonello A., Campana D., Cavalli M., Crema S., Franceschi S., Marchese E., Niedrist M., Schneiderbauer S., Comiti F., 2014, A simplified GIS-based model for large wood recruitment and connectivity in mountain basins.,
EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna (Austria), 27 April - 2 May 2014,
M. Cavalli, B. Goldin, S. Crema, L. Marchi, 2014, Application and testing of a GIS-based sediment connectivity model in the Venosta valley (Eastern Italian Alps),
EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna (Austria), 27 April - 2 May 2014,
Brardinoni F., Sosio R., Scotti R., Cavalli M., Comiti F., Mair V., 2014, Linking permafrost distribution, glacial retreat and colluvial sediment dynamics in the Saldur River basin, Eastern Italian Alps,
EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna (Austria), 27 April - 2 May 2014,
Abstract
In the last three decades generalized atmospheric temperature rise has produced rapid glacial retreat and ...
In the last three decades generalized atmospheric temperature rise has produced rapid glacial retreat and permafrost
degradation in high mountain environments of the European Alps. While it is widely recognized that these changes
can impart general instability to mountain slopes (i.e. several projects have documented single case studies of
high magnitude-low frequency, catastrophic slope failures), to our knowledge, there appears to be little empirical
data available for investigating the spatial distribution of mass-wasting intensity through time in high mountain
areas in relation to permafrost degradation and deglaciation patterns. This is a critical shortcoming. Understanding
and quantifying the influence of similar transient conditions on mass-wasting processes holds critical long-term
implications on the overall sediment flux reshaping mountain landscapes (e.g., post-LGM landscape evolution), as
well as more practical short-term applications on water quality issues, damage control/prevention to infrastructure,
and reservoir siltation, to mention some.
In this contribution we present an integrated approach that aims to_ (i) document the spatial distribution of
mass-wasting activity and sediment production in the Saldur River basin (97 km^2); (ii) detect causal linkages
between mass-wasting intensity, the potential spatial distribution of discontinuous permafrost, and patterns of
glacier retreat; and (iii) identify source-to-sink colluvial sedimentary pathways as modulated by the spatial
organization of glacial and periglacial landforms.
To these ends, we map rock glaciers, protalus ramparts and moraines, and compile a field- and air photo-based
multi-temporal (1959-2012) inventory of colluvial sediment sources. We then combine these data with two
historical datasets of debris flow and landslide events (both implemented and maintained by the Autonomous
Province of Bolzano) and analyse mass-wasting spatial distribution and intensity in relation to proximity of glacier
fronts, intact and relict periglacial landforms, and a permafrost index map (implemented through PermaNET;
http_//www.permanet-alpinespace.eu/).
This work is part of SedAlp (www.sedalp.eu), a project funded through the Alpine Space Programme.
M. Cavalli, S. Crema, 2014, Relazione sull’analisi di connettività del sedimento in Val Maira, Piemonte (IT),
2014,
M. Cavalli, B. Goldin, S. Crema, F. Brardinoni, L. Marchi, G. Blasone, F.Cazorzi, 2014, Geomorphic change detection in Gadria-Strimm and Moscardo catchments, Italy,
2014,
Cavalli M., Crema S., Marchi L., 2014, Guidelines on the Sediment Connectivity ArcGis Toolbox and stand-alone application,
2014,
Abstract
Sediment connectivity, i.e. the degree of linkage that controls sediment fluxes throughout landscape, and, in ...
Sediment connectivity, i.e. the degree of linkage that controls sediment fluxes throughout landscape, and, in particular, between sediment sources and downstream areas, is a key issue in the study of sediment transfer processes in mountainous catchments. The spatial characterization of connectivity patterns in the catchment allows estimation of the contribution of a given part of the catchment as sediment source, and defines sediment transfer paths. A reliable assessment of sediment connectivity is especially useful for giving management priorities. The assessment of sediment connectivity is of particular importance in alpine headwaters, in which both complex and rugged morphology, and heterogeneity in type, extent and location of sediment sources cause large variability in the effectiveness of sediment transport processes. The control of morphology on spatial sediment connectivity acts through sediment transfer on hillslopes and unchanneled valleys, hillslope-channel coupling and decoupling, and sediment transfer along the channel network. In this document, background theory, installation steps and user guidelines of two utilities for the derivation of the Index of Connectivity (IC), as expressed in Cavalli et al. (2013), developed in the frame of the SedAlp project are presented. The utilities are_ (i) a Toolbox for ArcGis 10.1 and 10.2 and, (ii) a standalone application not requiring the use of any GIS software. The need for the development of such tools comes from the increasing interest in sediment connectivity issues (Fryirs 2013; Baartman et al. 2013) and its semi-quantitative assessment (Heckmann and Schwanghart 2013; Cavalli et al. 2013; Meßenzehl et al., 2014) to estimate the effectiveness of sediment transport processes at catchment scale. Moreover, the possibility to relate a quantitative estimate of sediment connectivity to sediment sources databases can improve hazard and risk assessment in order to mitigate the effects of dangerous phenomena like debris flows. With an integrated approach, which encompasses sediment sources mapping and connectivity assessment, it is indeed possible not only to evaluate the general availability of sediment but also to estimate the potential for this sediment to reach specific targets.
Alvioli M, Marchesini M, Fiorucci F, Ardizzone F, Rossi M, Reichenbach P, Guzzetti F, 2014, Automatic delineation of geomorphological slope units,
EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna, 2014,
Abstract
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Piazza Università, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
Slope units are portions of land ...
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, Piazza Università, I-06123, Perugia, Italy
Slope units are portions of land surface, defined by the general requirement of maximizing homogeneity within a
single unit and heterogeneity between different units, but whose formal characterization and practical delineation
has been done in different ways. This is often justified by the statement that the slope unit partitioning of a territory
can be used to describe a variety of landforms and processes, and for the assessment of natural hazards. As a result,
they need to be tailored according to the specific model in use. This may result in an ambiguous definition of such
objects, while an objective definition is highly desirable, which would also allow their reproducibility.
We have developed a publicly accessible Web Processing Service (WPS) with the aim of incrementally achieve a
satisfactory definition of slope unit. The service allows any user to connect to a CNR-IRPI (Perugia) server, upload
his own Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and optional additional data, specify parameters constraining the size and
aspect of slope units, and quickly obtain the result in a layer in vector format. The calculation is performed using
a parallel algorithm, resulting in a processing time short enough to allow the user to tune the input parameters,
repeating the process for a sufficient number of times in order to obtain a satisfactory result.
We use quantitative criteria to define and draw the slope units, depending on the input parameters. The algorithm
starts from a hydrologically consistent partition of the study area into half-basins with a large number of contributing
DEM cells. Each of the half-basins is then checked against a few requirements_ maximum area required by the
user and maximum standard deviation of the aspect on two orthogonal directions. Those specific half-basin that do
not meet the requirements are partitioned further, requiring a lower number of contributing cells. The process is
iterated until no half-basin exceeds the user-specified thresholds.
Our aim is to encourage users to test the algorithm on a large number of areas with different topographies so that
new, meaningful requirements on the individual half-basins can be defined and included in our process, in order to
achieve a robust and reproducible algorithm embodying a vast class of desiderata in the slope unit definition. This
will eventually constitute a performing and customizable tool for the investigation of a variety of geomorphological
phenomena.
Marchesini, I.; Ardizzone, F.; Alvioli, M.; Rossi, M.; Guzzetti, F., 2014, Non-susceptible landslide areas in Italy and in the Mediterranean region,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Print) 14 (2014): 2215–2231. doi_10.5194/nhess-14-2215-2014,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fnhess-14-2215-2014
Abstract
We used landslide information for 13 study areas in Italy and morphometric information obtained from ...
We used landslide information for 13 study areas in Italy and morphometric information obtained from the 3-arcseconds shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model (SRTM DEM) to determine areas where landslide susceptibility is expected to be negligible in Italy and in the landmasses surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. The morphometric information consisted of the local terrain slope which was computed in a square 3 x 3-cell moving window, and in the regional relative relief computed in a circular 15 x 15-cell moving window. We tested three different models to classify the "non-susceptible" landslide areas, including a linear model (LNR), a quantile linear model (QLR), and a quantile, non-linear model (QNL). We tested the performance of the three models using independent landslide information presented by the Italian Landslide Inventory (Inventario Fenomeni Franosi in Italia - IFFI). Best results were obtained using the QNL model. The corresponding zonation of non-susceptible landslide areas was intersected in a geographic information system (GIS) with geographical census data for Italy. The result determined that 57.5% of the population of Italy (in 2001) was located in areas where landslide susceptibility is expected to be negligible. We applied the QNL model to the landmasses surrounding the Mediterranean Sea, and we tested the synoptic non-susceptibility zonation using independent landslide information for three study areas in Spain. Results showed that the QNL model was capable of determining where landslide susceptibility is expected to be negligible in the validation areas in Spain. We expect our results to be applicable in similar study areas, facilitating the identification of non-susceptible landslide areas, at the synoptic scale.
Blasone G., Cavalli M., Marchi L., Cazorzi F., 2014, Monitoring sediment source areas in a debris-flow catchment using terrestrial laser scanning,
Catena (Cremling.) 123 (2014): 23–36. doi_10.1016/j.catena.2014.07.001,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.catena.2014.07.001
Abstract
Geomorphic changes caused by three debris-flow events in a small mountain catchment (Moscardo Torrent, Eastern ...
Geomorphic changes caused by three debris-flow events in a small mountain catchment (Moscardo Torrent, Eastern Italian Alps) were investigated by means of multitemporal terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) surveys over three areas exposed to debris-flow dynamics. For these areas, DEM of Differences (DoDs) with a 0.2 m spatial resolution allowed the assessment of elevation uncertainty as spatially variable by applying the fuzzy inference system (FIS) proposed by Wheaton et al. (2010). Along with two commonly used parameters affecting Digital Elevation Model (DEM) accuracy, such as terrain slope and point density, we developed and employed in the FIS a new index, named Vegetation Noise, that takes into account the disturbance caused by the vegetation cover on the DEM accuracy. The results of volumetric budgets of the surveyed sediment source areas derived from the DoD analysis were compared with debris-flow volumes estimated from flow stage measurements at the instrumented channel reach. On the one hand, the discrepancies arising from this comparison underline the limitations of TLS surveys over morphologically complex areas such as debris-flow catchments. On the other hand, the TLS unveils the geomorphic changes at the scale of the single event, because a terrestrial survey is usually easier to carry out than an aerial one. The analysis of DEM quality and uncertainty indexes correlation may help to refine methods for spatializing elevation errors and improving the reliability of the models.
Polemio, M. Zuffiano', 2014, Overview: management of groundwater at salinisation risk,
SWIM 2014, 23rd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, pp. 466–466, Husum (Germany), 16-20/06/2014,
Abstract
Natural waters contain dissolved minerals from interactions with atmospheric and soil gases, mixing with other ...
Natural waters contain dissolved minerals from interactions with atmospheric and soil gases, mixing with other solutions, and/or interactions with the biosphere and lithosphere. In many cases, these processes result in natural waters containing solute or salinity above concentrations recommended for a specified use, which creates significant social and economic problems. Groundwater salinisation can be caused by natural phenomena and anthropogenic activities. For the first case, we can distinguish terrestrial and marine phenomena. Approximately 16% of the total area of continental earth is potentially involved in groundwater salinisation. Seawater intrusion can be considered to be the primary phenomenon for study in terms of groundwater salinisation. There are different measures, actions and practices for managing groundwater when the natural resource is exposed to salinisation. Some of these measures have a mitigation objective. Other measures have a more adaptive approach and accept the high groundwater salinity but adjusting the groundwater use so that it is not harmful. On the basis of worldwide experiences, three different approaches to the protection of groundwater via salinisation mitigation and/or groundwater salinity improvement can be recognised considering the classifications of the salinisation sources and focusing on the effect of seawater intrusion. The paper describes approaches. The complexity of these approaches generally increases due to difficulties caused by groundwater quality and quantity degradation and increased demand for quality water. Moving from the lowest to the highest complexity, these approaches are the engineering approach, the discharge management approach, and the water and land management approach. The engineering approach is realised on the local scale with the purpose of controlling the salinisation, optimising the well discharge with specific technical solutions and/or completing works to improve the quality and/or quantity of the discharged fresh groundwater. The discharge management approach includes a coastal aquifer and defines rules concerning groundwater utilisation and well discharge. The water and land management approach should be applied on the regional scale. This approach becomes necessary when one or more need creates an overall framework of high-quality water scarcity. These conditions, sometimes combined with an awareness of negative environmental effects, force people to accept new water saving practices and land use modifications. As the natural effects of salinisation can be enhanced by a multiplicity of human actions, the discharge management approach and the water and land management approach should generally be applied by water authorities or institutional and governmental organisations that are responsible for groundwater quality and availability.
Polemio, M., 2014, Hydrogeological modeling for sustainable groundwater management under climate change effects for a karstic coastal aquifer (Southern Italy),
SWIM 2014, 23rd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Husum (Germany), 16-20/06/2014,
Abstract
Seawater intrusion is a pervasive problem affecting coastal aquifer, where the concentration of population and ...
Seawater intrusion is a pervasive problem affecting coastal aquifer, where the concentration of population and the increasing water demand creates risks of overexploitation, especially in those areas where is the only resource of drinking and irrigation water. This phenomenon is more considerable for the coastal karst aquifers, as observed in many Mediterranean countries and in some Italian regions as Friuli, Sardegna, Sicilia, Lazio, Campania and Puglia. This note aims to describe a research activity finalised to define a numerical model as management tools for groundwater resource of Salento (South Italy) to reduce the quantitative and qualitative degradation risks. The numerical codes used was MODFLOW (McDonald and Harbaught, 1988) and SEAWAT (Guo and Langevin, 2002). The active domain of the study area (active cells) covered approximately 2,300 km2 with 45,925 cells. Vertically, to allow a good lithological and hydrogeological discretization, the area was divided into 12 layers, from 214 to -350 m asl. Thickness and geometry of layers was defined on the basis of the aquifer conceptualisation based on the 3D knowledge of hydrogeological complexes. On the basis of detailed geological and hydrogeological conceptualisation, the climate change effects were considered in terms of natural recharge variations from 1930 to 1999 (Cotecchia et al., 2005; Polemio and Casarano, 2008). To take account of anthropogenic activity, mainly due to tourism and agriculture, the discharging trend was assessed, focusing on late decenniums (eighties and nineties), in which the discharge increase was mainly observed. Models representing the natural steady-state condition (using data of thirties) and transient scenarios of late decenniums were realised. The purpose of this first model implementation was, besides validated model, to assess the groundwater availability and quality in a recent period of seventy years (Polemio and Romanazzi, 2012; Romanazzi and Polemio, 2013). Results emphasize an essential decrease of piezometric levels and a worsening of seawater intrusion. On these bases, six forecasting transient scenarios were implemented, referred to future periods of about twenty years (2000-2020, 2021-2040 and 2041-2060) with the aim to predicting the evolution of piezometric level and seawater intrusion. For forecast data about precipitation and temperature, among the many models in the literature, we referred to the model developed by Giorgi and Lionello (2008), in relation to the defined scenario A1B. The model predicts temperature variations (
Polemio, M.
Limoni, P.P.
Liotta, D.
Palladino, G.
Rizzo, E.
Santaloia, F.
Zuffianò, L.E., 2014, A peculiar case of coastal springs and geogenic saline groundwater_ the Santa Cesarea Terme thermal springs (Southern Italy),
SWIM 2014, 23rd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, pp. 301–304, Husum (Germany), 16-20/06/2014,
Abstract
Carbonate aquifers, located in foreland tectonic settings, could represent important thermal water resources outside the ...
Carbonate aquifers, located in foreland tectonic settings, could represent important thermal water resources outside the volcanic areas, supplying spas or geothermal installations. Thermal springs constitute the discharge areas of deep marine and continental groundwaters flowing within these carbonate aquifers whose hydraulic conductivity and the relevant geothermal fluid migration are strictly controlled by both the discontinuity network and the karst processes involving the foreland environment. An example of these springs occurs along the south-easternmost portion of the Apulia region (Southern Italy) where some sulphurous and warm waters (22-33 °C) flow out in partially submerged caves located along the coast, thus supplying the spas of Santa Cesarea Terme.
These springs are known from ancient times (Aristotele in III century BC) and the physical-chemical features of their thermal waters resulted to be partly influenced by the sea level variations. Some hypotheses about the origin of these warm waters were proposed up to now by previous researches but some uncertainties still exist. For this reason, the area has been selected in order to define the conceptual model of the geothermal resources related to the thermal springs and, as a consequence, the origin of the thermal springs. It is one of the pilot site of the Vigor Project (Evaluation of the geothermal potential of Regions of Convergence), promoted by the Italian Ministry of Economic Development and National Research Council.
Santa Cesarea Terme zone is located within the Apulia carbonate platform, the foreland of the southern Apennines, which consists of Jurassic-Cretaceous limestones, thick more than 5 km in the study area and affected by intense karst processes, resting above the Late Triassic evaporite (Burano Fm) and, unconformably, overlaid by Cenozoic calcareous successions. Belonging to a coastal area, the studied groundwater, whose top is located almost to the sea level, is involved in saltwater intrusion and therefore the salt-fresh water interface occurs at some meters below the sea level moving inland.
Geological and hydrogeological surveys, including geo-electrical prospecting, and chemical and isotopic analyses of both groundwater and seawater have been carried out. Stable isotopes (?18O, ?D) were used to define the origin of the thermal waters and the recharge mechanism of the geothermal systems while the unstable isotope (3H) was determined for estimating the age of the thermal waters and to define the conceptual model of this low temperature geothermal resource.
All the data have been analysed to improve the knowledge of the groundwater flow system, thus assessing the possibility of using low-temperature geothermal fluids to fulfil the thermal needs of the town of Santa Cesarea Terme.
In this narrow area, the source of geogenic salinization of spring groundwater was referred to ascending very deep groundwater, more saline than current sea water.The geochemical composition and the physical features of the sampled waters suggest that thermal waters should be moving from ancient seawaters subjected to intense evaporation processes, infiltrated at great depth within the seabed substratum. Afterwards, these thermal fluids should flow up through the almost vertical structures, related to the transtensional structures, identified within a narrow sector of the studied territory.
Polemio, M.
Zuffianò, L.E., 2014, Overview: management of groundwater at salinisation risk,
SWIM 2014, 23rd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, pp. 466–466, Husum (Germany), 16-20/06/2014,
Abstract
Natural waters contain dissolved minerals from interactions with atmospheric and soil gases, mixing with other ...
Natural waters contain dissolved minerals from interactions with atmospheric and soil gases, mixing with other solutions, and/or interactions with the biosphere and lithosphere. In many cases, these processes result in natural waters containing solute or salinity above concentrations recommended for a specified use, which creates significant social and economic problems.
Groundwater salinisation can be caused by natural phenomena and anthropogenic activities. For the first case, we can distinguish terrestrial and marine phenomena. Approximately 16% of the total area of continental earth is potentially involved in groundwater salinisation. Seawater intrusion can be considered to be the primary phenomenon for study in terms of groundwater salinisation.
There are different measures, actions and practices for managing groundwater when the natural resource is exposed to salinisation. Some of these measures have a mitigation objective. Other measures have a more adaptive approach and accept the high groundwater salinity but adjusting the groundwater use so that it is not harmful.
On the basis of worldwide experiences, three different approaches to the protection of groundwater via salinisation mitigation and/or groundwater salinity improvement can be recognised considering the classifications of the salinisation sources and focusing on the effect of seawater intrusion. The paper describes approaches.
The complexity of these approaches generally increases due to difficulties caused by groundwater quality and quantity degradation and increased demand for quality water. Moving from the lowest to the highest complexity, these approaches are the engineering approach, the discharge management approach, and the water and land management approach.
The engineering approach is realised on the local scale with the purpose of controlling the salinisation, optimising the well discharge with specific technical solutions and/or completing works to improve the quality and/or quantity of the discharged fresh groundwater.
The discharge management approach includes a coastal aquifer and defines rules concerning groundwater utilisation and well discharge.
The water and land management approach should be applied on the regional scale. This approach becomes necessary when one or more need creates an overall framework of high-quality water scarcity. These conditions, sometimes combined with an awareness of negative environmental effects, force people to accept new water saving practices and land use modifications. As the natural effects of salinisation can be enhanced by a multiplicity of human actions, the discharge management approach and the water and land management approach should generally be applied by water authorities or institutional and governmental organisations that are responsible for groundwater quality and availability.
De Rosa, R.
Romanazzi, A.
Apollaro, C.
Cianflone, G.
Dominici, R.
Vespasiano, G.
Molinari, P.
Polemio, M., 2014, Hydrogeological model of a complex coastal aquifers_ the case of Sibari Plain (Southern Italy),
SWIM 2014, 23rd Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, pp. 297–300, Husum (Germany), 16-20/06/2014,
Abstract
The increasing overexploitation of water resources is observed on a global scale in the previous ...
The increasing overexploitation of water resources is observed on a global scale in the previous decades; this trend involves the coastal regions of Mediterranean Basin (Van Beynen et alii, 2012). As an effect of increasing groundwater discharge from coastal aquifers, the phenomenon of seawater intrusion is becoming a serious problem for most of the coastal aquifers, especially in the Mediterranean area (COST, 2003; COST, 2005). The aim of this paper is to present the modeling of a coastal porous aquifer located in the complex plain of Sibari (Southern Italy), a plain deeply modified as an effect of reclamation works realized after thirties. The model was implemented using piezometric historical data (from thirties) to establish the effect of seawater intrusion when the well discharge was negligible (natural conditions), the modification in subsequent decades, to be used for forecasting purpose and for evaluate the evolution of groundwater resource.
The area actually represents a landscape with anthropic equilibrium based on the works of a land reclamation project (1960s-1990s). Study area is about 365 km2 for a coastline of about 35 km, about which an hydrogeological conceptual model was defined. The area can be conceptualized into three hydrogeological complexes (from the top): sand complex, a clay complex and a sand and conglomerate complex, constituting the deep aquifer, the bottom of which is not well-defined. Shallow aquifer is predominantly fed by direct rainwater infiltration. Deep aquifer is fed by outflows of the mountainous aquifers as the case of limestone aquifer of Pollino Mount,and of shallow granitic aquifer of the Sila massif (Guerricchio and Melidoro, 1975). The maximum piezometric levels of the deep aquifer are equivalent to approximately 40 m asl, so in some areas it presents artesian feature.
The computer codes selected for numerical groundwater modelling were MODFLOW (McDonald and Harbaugh, 1998) and SEAWAT (Guo and Langevin, 2002). This groundwater flow modelling is based on the concept of a equivalent homogeneous porous medium by which it is assumed that the real heterogeneous aquifer can be simulated as homogeneous porous media within cells or elements (Anderson, 2002).
The modeled aquifer area was uniformly discretized, using Peclet number, into a finite difference grid of 97,735 cells of 240 m x 350 m. For the vertical discretization, model was divided into five layers of variable thicknesses, defined on the basis of a multi-methodological geological survey. Climatic, hydrological and agricultural data were processed to defines inputs for the numerical model based on the variable-density flow. An hydrological balance using monthly and annual of 13 thermo-pluviometric stations falling in the study area, in the time period 1930-1975, was done (Polemio and Casarano, 2008, Polemio et alii, 2013). The numerical model was calibrated with PEST code with a correlation coefficient equal to 0,90. Preliminary results of steady flow and of groundwater salinity spatial are now available and shows it is not sustainable in the case of shallow aquifer and it can be improved in the case of deep aquifer.