Publications
Publications found: 811
New understandings of the June 24th 2017 Xinmo Landslide, Maoxian, Sichuan, China
Kaiheng Hu, Chaohua Wu, Jinbo Tang, Alessandro Pasuto, Yanji Li, Shuaixing Yan, 2018, New understandings of the June 24th 2017 Xinmo Landslide, Maoxian, Sichuan, China,
Landslides (Berl., Internet) 15 (2018): 2465–2474. doi_10.1007/s10346-018-1073-2,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10346-018-1073-2
Abstract
On June 24, 2017 (21:39 UTC, June 23rd), a catastrophic landslide occurred at Xinmo village ...
On June 24, 2017 (21:39 UTC, June 23rd), a catastrophic landslide occurred at Xinmo village of Mao County, Sichuan Province, China. Soon after the event, some research teams carried out field investigations in order to both support the emergency operations and to understand the failure mechanism and possible evolutionary scenarios. Based on further in-depth interpretation of high-resolution remote-sensing images and detailed field surveys, it is newly found that there are at least six old rockfall deposits in the source area that prove the historic activity of the landslide scarp. Seismic data of the event and morphological evidences along the slope indicate that the landslide was preceded by a significant rockfall. Mechanical calculations show that the surface force due to pore water was far less than the impact force due to the rockfall. It means that the subsequent major rock avalanche was more likely due to the impact of the rockfall on the rock slope below, which broke the rock bridges and caused drop of shear resistance along the fractures. According to these new understandings, a different triggering mechanism for the landslide is proposed.
The project EcoNAOS_ vision and practice towards an open approach in the Northern Adriatic Sea ecological observatory
Annalisa Minelli, Alessandro Oggioni, Alessandra Pugnetti, Alessandro Sarretta, Mauro Bastianini, Caterina Bergami, Fabrizio Bernardi Aubry, Elisa Camatti, Tiziano Scovacricchi, Giorgio Socal, 2018, The project EcoNAOS_ vision and practice towards an open approach in the Northern Adriatic Sea ecological observatory,
Research Ideas and Outcomes 4 (2018). doi_10.3897/rio.4.e24224,
Abstract
The Open Science approach delineates high and inspiring principles. In order to really root
them into ...
The Open Science approach delineates high and inspiring principles. In order to really root
them into the scientific community, a cultural shift must occur that can be fostered and
achieved mainly through the development of practical case studies. This is particularly
relevant in the field of ecology, a highly multidisciplinary science, where the Open Science
issue has become a matter of discussion only in very recent years. In particular, in the
context of long-term ecological research, enabling open sharing of in-situ and derived longterm
ecological data is required to advance research and education in the European and
global networks.
D4.4 – Definition of logistics for debris flow monitoring large-scale test
Schenato, L., 2018, D4.4 – Definition of logistics for debris flow monitoring large-scale test,
D4.4, 2018,
Abstract
Questo documento descrive il setup sperimentale per realizzazione dei test in larga scale del sistema ...
Questo documento descrive il setup sperimentale per realizzazione dei test in larga scale del sistema DVS per il monitoraggio di colate detritiche sviluppato nell'ambito del progetto DOMINO - WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call
D4.2 – Small-scale test bed for DPS and QDPS systems
Schenato, L., Palmieri, L., 2018, D4.2 – Small-scale test bed for DPS and QDPS systems,
D4.2, 2018,
Abstract
Questo documento descrive il test bed in piccola scala per i sensori di pressione distribuito ...
Questo documento descrive il test bed in piccola scala per i sensori di pressione distribuito e quasi distribuito sviluppati nell'ambito del progetto DOMINO - WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call
D4.1 – Small-scale test bed for DVS system
Schenato, L., 2018, D4.1 – Small-scale test bed for DVS system,
D4.1, 2018,
Abstract
Questo documento descrive il setup sperimentale in piccola scala per la caratterizzazione del sistema DVS ...
Questo documento descrive il setup sperimentale in piccola scala per la caratterizzazione del sistema DVS sviluppato nell'ambito del progetto DOMINO - WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call
D2.3 – QDPS characterization report
Luca Palmieri, Luca Schenato, 2018, D2.3 – QDPS characterization report,
D2.3, 2018,
Abstract
In questo rapporto viene descritta l'attività di caratterizzazione sperimentale del sensore quasi-distribuito per la misura ...
In questo rapporto viene descritta l'attività di caratterizzazione sperimentale del sensore quasi-distribuito per la misura di pressione su tecnologia FBG sviluppato nell'ambito del progetto DOMINO - WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call
D2.2 – The QDPS system
Luca Schenato, Luca Palmieri, 2018, D2.2 – The QDPS system,
D2.2, 2018,
Abstract
Questo rapporto descrive il sistema quasi-distributo per la misura di pressione basato su tecnologia FBG ...
Questo rapporto descrive il sistema quasi-distributo per la misura di pressione basato su tecnologia FBG e stampa additiva, sviluppato nell'ambito del progetto DOMINO - WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call
D1.6 – The DPS system
Luca Palmieri, Luca Schenato, 2018, D1.6 – The DPS system,
D1.6, 2018,
Abstract
Questo rapporto descrive il sensore distribuito in fibra ottica per la misura della pressione sviluppato ...
Questo rapporto descrive il sensore distribuito in fibra ottica per la misura della pressione sviluppato nell'ambito del progetto DOMINO - WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call
D1.5 – DVS characterization report
L. Schenato, S. Martin-Lopez, M. Gonzalez-Herraez, L. Palmieri, 2018, D1.5 – DVS characterization report,
D1.5, 2018,
Abstract
Questo report descrive la caratterizzazione sperimentale del sistema DVS sviluppato nell'ambito del progetto DOMINO - ...
Questo report descrive la caratterizzazione sperimentale del sistema DVS sviluppato nell'ambito del progetto DOMINO - WaterWorks2014 Cofunded Call
Indagini ERT a supporto della modellazione idrologica in opere arginali_ un caso in Provincia di Bolzano
J. Boaga, F. Donini, G. Bossi, S. Cola, P. Simonini, G. Cassiani, 2018, Indagini ERT a supporto della modellazione idrologica in opere arginali_ un caso in Provincia di Bolzano,
GNGTS - 37° Congresso Nazionale, pp. 620–622, Bologna, 19-21/11/2018,
Abstract
Lo studio dimostra come l'utilizzo di tecniche non invasive di prospezione geofisica possa
essere discriminante per ...
Lo studio dimostra come l'utilizzo di tecniche non invasive di prospezione geofisica possa
essere discriminante per una corretta esecuzione di un'opera di difesa idraulica. Nel caso in
analisi, e? stato trattato un sistema di difesa arginale dell'Adige nei pressi di Salorno, in Provincia
di Bolzano (Angelucci, 2016). Il tratto di argine in studio è stato storicamente sottoposto a
diversi interventi per problemi di filtrazione nel tratto occidentale in destra Adige (Archivio del
Genio Civile della Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano). Nella zona di studio la porzione di piana
alluvionale e? stata infine separata dal corso fluviale per mezzo di un argine diaframmato, al fine
di limitare i problemi di filtrazione accorsi durante alti livelli di piena. Nonostante le ingenti
opere di difesa, la zona e? tuttora soggetta a fenomeni di fontanazzi variamente distribuiti che
si verificano in occasione di importanti piene del fiume Adige (Donini, 2017). L'impiego di
prospezioni geofisiche di tipo elettrico, sondaggi meccanici e modellazioni idrologiche sono
stati quindi incentrati sull'individuazione delle problematiche che compromettono l'efficienza
dell'opera idraulica esistente (e.g. Busato et al., 2016). Per raggiungere questo obbiettivo, il
lavoro e? stato eseguito in due fasi. La prima fase riguarda_ i) l'acquisizione, l'elaborazione e
l'interpretazione di dati geofisici di tipo elettrico ERT, ii) la raccolta delle conoscenze derivanti
da sondaggi meccanici e dalle informazioni ricavate da un sistema distribuito di misura di
temperatura a fibra ottica DTS, iii) lo studio delle conoscenze geologiche e geomorfologiche,
sia in termini attuali che storici avvalendosi di mappe storiche e foto aeree (Bassetti e Borsato,
2007). La seconda fase ha permesso, avvalendoci dei risultati della prima fase, di produrre dei
modelli di flusso del dominio investigato.
Per le analisi geofisiche ci si è avvalsi di tomografie di resistività elettrica condotte con
un georesistivimetro Syscal Pro 72 canali. Le analisi ERT hanno interessato il tratto arginale,
sia in senso longitudinale che trasversale, sia la piana alluvionale occidentale interessata dai
fontanazzi, al fine di ricostruire le caratteristiche geologiche dell'area e quelle dell'argine. Si è
optato per una configurazione dipolo-dipolo skip 4 e sono state acquisite N.8 linee ERT in tempi
diversi, utilizzando configurazioni a 48 e 72 elettrodi con spaziatura variabile di 1 e 2 m. Per
tutte le acquisizioni sono state condotte le misure dirette e reciproche dei quadripoli, al fine di
poter valutare la qualità del dato acquisito. A seguito del controllo dei reciproci i dati ERT sono
stati invertiti, con soglia di errore medesima a quella del controllo dei rapporti, con i codici di
inversione Profiler e R2 (Binley, 2015). La restituzione grafica dei profili bidimensionali è stata
infine eseguita con interpolatori grafici e metodo kriging.
Una volta determinate le caratteristiche del sottosuolo si è proceduto a realizzare dei
semplificati modelli idraulici di deflusso 2D e 3D, supportati da una caratterizzazione dettagliata
del dominio basata sia sulla investigazione geofisica che sulle informazioni derivanti da sondaggi
geognostici e prove di permeabilita?. Il sito era stato infatti oggetto in precedenza, da parte
delle Autorita? Provinciali, di una serie di studi geognostici_ sondaggi, prove di permeabilita?
tipo LeFranc, installazione di piezometri ed uno stendimento interrato di fibra ottica per
l'acquisizione della distribuzione delle temperature al piede della scarpata arginale (Autorità
Nazionale del Bacino del Fiume Adige,1998). Lo studio si è perciò avvalso dei risultati degli
studi precedentemente condotti, in particolare per l'attribuzione di proprieta? idrauliche ai vari
domini individuati dalle sezioni di resistivita? elettrica, sia per l'imposizione delle condizioni al
contorno che caratterizzano quest'area in termini di idrometria e soggiacenza.
Le prospezioni geofisiche, con il vantaggio della non invasivita?, hanno unito una facile
logistica di acquisizione del dato ad una buona risoluzione spaziale dell'indagine. Questo
la rende particolarmente informative per completare le informazioni derivanti da indagini
meccaniche di tipo puntuale, specie in aree che possono presentare frequenti anisotropie
laterali come sono i lunghi tratti arginali. La semplificata modellazione idrologica ha permesso
comunque la comprensione delle cause e una preliminare quantificazione delle condizioni di
innesco del fenomeno che porta al sifonamento al di sotto della struttura arginale durante le
piene fluviali. La campagna di caratterizzazione integrata ha evidenziato come, se condotte
preliminarmente e non dopo l'esecuzione delle opere di difesa, le indagini geofisiche possano
essere determinanti per l'inquadramento delle caratteristiche del sottosuolo a supporto delle
modellazione delle dinamiche di filtrazione
Usability and communication of mobile applications for risk management_ the experience of MAppERS
Bianchizza, Chiara; Frigerio, Simone; Schenato, Luca; Del Bianco, Daniele, 2018, Usability and communication of mobile applications for risk management_ the experience of MAppERS,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 46 (2018): 101–106. doi_10.3301/ROL.2018.59,
Abstract
Prevention of natural hazards and support to risk management benefit both from volunteers' engagement and ...
Prevention of natural hazards and support to risk management benefit both from volunteers' engagement and from the deployment of new technologies. The DG-ECHO project, "Mobile Applications for Emergency Response and Support" (MAppERS, 2013-2015), has developed a mobile platform which was tested and applied in flood-prone areas. This platform consists of a mobile phone app (MP) and a related dashboard. The platform development implied design, testing and piloting. In order to make the app as user-friendly as possible, research on usability and communication elements was carried out in the preparatory design phase, which is illustrated in this paper.
Monitoraggio della galleria di San Lorenzo in rapporto ai movimenti franosi esterni nel periodo dal 01 marzo 2017 al 30 agosto 2018
Giulia Bossi
Gianluca Marcato
Luca Shenato
Giacomo Tedesco, 2018, Monitoraggio della galleria di San Lorenzo in rapporto ai movimenti franosi esterni nel periodo dal 01 marzo 2017 al 30 agosto 2018,
2018,
Abstract
ll rapporto presenta lo studio condotto nell'ambito dell'incarico conferito da ANAS nucleo di Trieste al ...
ll rapporto presenta lo studio condotto nell'ambito dell'incarico conferito da ANAS nucleo di Trieste al CNR IRPI sede di Padova, avente per oggetto il monitoraggio del quadro fessurativo della galleria di San Lorenzo -SS52- e lo studio della sua evoluzione in riferimento alla frana di Passo della Morte (lettera di affido del contratto di servizi protocollo 000472 ANAS SpA Trieste repertorio UO gare e contratti del 08/11/2017).
Relazione Finale_ 2015-2018, convenzione Protezione Civile Friuli Venezia Giulia – CNR-IRPI per lo studio dei fenomeni di dissesto in località Passo della Morte (Forni di Sotto – UD)
G. Bossi, L. Schenato, M. Mantovani, G. Tedesco, G. Marcato, 2018, Relazione Finale_ 2015-2018, convenzione Protezione Civile Friuli Venezia Giulia – CNR-IRPI per lo studio dei fenomeni di dissesto in località Passo della Morte (Forni di Sotto – UD),
2018,
Abstract
La presente relazione illustra l'attività svolta dal CNR-IRPI U.O.S. di Padova nell'ambito della collaborazione di ...
La presente relazione illustra l'attività svolta dal CNR-IRPI U.O.S. di Padova nell'ambito della collaborazione di ricerca con la Protezione Civile della Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia.
Nel periodo di indagine oggetto della presente collaborazione si è:
1. Raccolto i dati prodotti dagli strumenti di monitoraggio presenti nell'area studio, provveduto alle opportune manutenzioni
2. Aggiornato e ampliato il sito internet interattivo dove è possibile visualizzare i dati climatici e di monitoraggio
3. Analizzato i dati provenienti dal sistema di monitoraggio, identificato gli eventi significativi, caratterizzato la dinamica dei processi analizzati
4. Analizzato le forzanti idrologiche che inducono spostamenti nella Frana 1-2, correlato gli spostamenti con la velocità della frana, definito un modello numerico che permetta di stimare le velocità attese a partire dalle portate, quantificato l'efficacia un intervento di mitigazione sulla base del suddetto modello
Ultra-high-sensitivity 3D-printed FBG-based pressure sensor
Schenato, L. and Rong, Q. and Shao, Z. and Qiao, X. and Galtarossa, A. and Pasuto, A. and Palmieri, L., 2018, Ultra-high-sensitivity 3D-printed FBG-based pressure sensor,
Optical Fiber Sensors, OFS 2018, Lausanne; Switzerland, 24-28/09/2018,
Abstract
An optical fiber sensor for the measurement of pressure is presented and experimentally characterized. The ...
An optical fiber sensor for the measurement of pressure is presented and experimentally characterized. The sensor, produced by additive manufacturing, converts pressure variations into strain along a fiber Bragg grating, and reaches the remarkable sensitivity of 25 pm/mbar at 1550 nm. ? OSA 2018 ? 2018 The Author(s)
Distributed sensing in geotechnical and hydrological applications
Schenato, L., 2018, Distributed sensing in geotechnical and hydrological applications,
Optical Fiber Sensors, OFS 2018, Lausanne, 24-28/09/2018,
Abstract
Distributed Sensing is a disruptive technology in many geotechnical and geo-hydrological applications and, among the ...
Distributed Sensing is a disruptive technology in many geotechnical and geo-hydrological applications and, among the different sensing techniques, Optical Frequency Domain Reflectometry can be effectively used at different scales, in laboratory setups, physical models, and in-situ applications.
Metodologia e strumenti per la raccolta dati e l’analisi dei processi torrentizi che interessano le aree di conoide nella Regione Del Veneto
Cavalli M.; Crema S.; Viero A.; Arziliero L.; Marchi L., 2018, Metodologia e strumenti per la raccolta dati e l’analisi dei processi torrentizi che interessano le aree di conoide nella Regione Del Veneto,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 46 (2018): 167–173. doi_10.3301/ROL.2018.69,
Abstract
Il presente studio nasce dall'esigenza degli uffici della Regione del Veneto di predisporre una procedura ...
Il presente studio nasce dall'esigenza degli uffici della Regione del Veneto di predisporre una procedura finalizzata alla valutazione della pericolosità sui conoidi alluvionali classificati come zone d'attenzione geologica nei Piani di Assetto Idrogeologico dei bacini montani del territorio regionale. Al fine di individuare un procedimento oggettivo per la valutazione della pericolosità sono state identificate e proposte metodologie di raccolta dati e di analisi atte ad individuare la tipologia del processo da investigare. Nell'ambito dello studio sono stati inoltre sviluppati strumenti per condurre e facilitare la raccolta dati del sistema bacinoconoide e software liberamente disponibili (https://github.com/ HydrogeomorphologyTools) per l'identificazione lungo il reticolo idrografico delle aree di potenziale innesco, rallentamento e deposito di colate detritiche e per il calcolo della distanza di arresto, finalizzato all'assegnazione di una priorità d'indagine dei conoidi. Il presente contributo presenta inoltre i risultati delle analisi in quattro aree test situate nelle province di Vicenza, Treviso e Belluno.
Assessing landscape changes associated to anthropic disturbances by means of the application of Structure from Motion photogrammetry using historical aerial imagery
Llena M.; Cavalli M.; Vericat D.; Crema S., 2018, Assessing landscape changes associated to anthropic disturbances by means of the application of Structure from Motion photogrammetry using historical aerial imagery,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 46 (2018): 74–81. doi_10.3301/ROL.2018.55,
Abstract
In this paper we present a methodological workflow to obtain planimetric and topographic data from ...
In this paper we present a methodological workflow to obtain planimetric and topographic data from historical aerial photos using photogrammetric methods through Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) algorithms. This methodology is applied in two case studies located in the Upper Cinca River catchment (Southern Pyrenees). These sites have suffered a series of direct anthropogenic disturbances that have modified landscape topography. Specifically, topographic changes associated with the construction of a road and the extraction of materials from a pit quarry have been analysed. The resultant products extracted by the application of SfM-MVS are orthomosaics with a root mean square error (RMSE) between 0.5 and 1 m, and points clouds (topography) with a RMSE between 1 and 2 m. The topography before and after each of the impacts was compared with the objective to analyse the changes attributed to these disturbances. A simple minimum Level of Detection (minLoD) was estimated based on the RMSEs in order to distinguish potential real changes from those due to the noise ascribable to the uncertainty of the topographic data sets. The significance of both impacts is relevant in terms of topographic changes (from -20 to +15 m). The dominant topographic change (in extension) in the case of the road construction (51% of the surface) is extraction (i.e. erosion). In the case of the pit quarry, the dominant process is deposition (i.e. sedimentation; 27% of the area). The extension below the minLoD is around the 23% and 48%, respectively, indicating that the magnitude of the changes is substantially higher in the case of the road construction. In both cases the net volume is negative (-913,710 and -16,197 m3 in the case of the road and the quarry, respectively), that show the differences in terms of the extension of the processes and their magnitude in each case study. Finally, both impacts had a direct effect on landscape morphometry (e.g. changes in the slope and flow direction). The developed approach provides an opportunity to analysed and quantify landscape changes that may help to improve our understanding of the long-term evolution of the transfer of water and sediment through landscapes
Data on debris-flow volumes in northeastern Italy
Marchi L., Crema S., 2018, Data on debris-flow volumes in northeastern Italy,
2018,
Abstract
This catalog presents data for 809 debris flows that occurred in 537 basins in mountainous ...
This catalog presents data for 809 debris flows that occurred in 537 basins in mountainous areas of northeastern Italy between the mid-19th century and 2016. The region considered covers an area of approximately 22,000 km^2^. For each record, debris-flow volume, year of occurrence, drainage basin area, and the geographical coordinates of the basin outlet are reported. The sources of debris-flow volume data are classified into four classes_ historical data from the literature and unpublished written sources; post-event surveys; debris-flow hydrographs measured in instrumented catchments; topographic measurements in sediment traps.
Geomorphometric assessment of sediment connectivity_ a new tool for sediment management
Marco Cavalli, Stefano Crema, Lorenzo Marchi, 2018, Geomorphometric assessment of sediment connectivity_ a new tool for sediment management,
Sediment management in the channel networks_ from measurements to best-practices, Bolzano / Bozen, 8-9/11/2018,
Abstract
Sediment connectivity, which can be defined as the degree to which a system facilitates the ...
Sediment connectivity, which can be defined as the degree to which a system facilitates the transfer of water and sediment through itself, by means of coupling relationships between its components (Heckmann et al., 2018), has important implications for the behavior of geomorphic systems. In recent years, sediment connectivity has become a key issue in sediment transfer processes analysis and one of the building blocks of modern geomorphology. Geomorphic coupling and connectivity play a relevant role in the assessment of sediment budget in watersheds since they reflect the contribution of different processes that can have a large spatio-temporal variability. The growing availability of high-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) offers new opportunities for the characterization of spatial patterns of sediment connectivity by enabling the quantitative modeling of sediment fluxes through geomorphometric approaches. Recently, a geomorphometric index of sediment connectivity has been developed (Cavalli et al., 2013) along with related freeware software tool (Crema and Cavalli, 2018) with the aim of characterizing connectivity patterns at the catchment scale allowing to estimate the contribution of a given part of the catchment as sediment source and define sediment transfer paths. In this work, the index of connectivity is presented with a specific focus on its recent applications in different contexts. The applications demonstrate that a reliable assessment of sediment connectivity via geomorphometric approach, especially when integrated with sediment sources inventory, is particularly useful for giving management priorities. This is a key issue when dealing with sediment management and has important linkages with hazard assessment and in relation to priorities of intervention at the catchment scale.
Modelling the dynamics of a large rock landslide in the Dolomites (eastern Italian Alps) using multi-temporal DEMs
Ricarda Gatter, Marco Cavalli, Stefano Crema, Giulia Bossi, 2018, Modelling the dynamics of a large rock landslide in the Dolomites (eastern Italian Alps) using multi-temporal DEMs,
PeerJ (2018). doi_10.7717/peerj.5903,
DOI: 10.7717%2Fpeerj.5903
Abstract
Latest advances in topographic data acquisition techniques have greatly enhanced the possibility to analyse landscapes ...
Latest advances in topographic data acquisition techniques have greatly enhanced the possibility to analyse landscapes in order to understand the processes that shaped them. High-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs), such as LiDAR-derived ones, provide detailed topographic information. In particular, if multi-temporal DEMs are available, it is possible to carry out a detailed geomorphic change detection analysis. This analysis may provide information about the dynamics of large landslides and may thus, be useful for landslide risk assessments. However, LiDAR-derived DEMs are mostly available only as post-event surveys. The technique is relatively recent, and local or national authorities only started widespread surveys in the last decade. Therefore, it is of a certain interest to analyse the effectiveness of DEMs derived from technical cartography to produce reliable volumetric estimates related to large landslides. This study evaluates the use of a multi-source DEM of Difference (DoD) analysis for the investigation of a large landslide -Le Laste-, which occurred on November 12, 2014 on Mount Antelao (eastern Italian Alps). The landslide initiated as a 365,000 m3 rockslide close to the summit of the mountain and transformed into a debris avalanche during its runout. The comparison of pre- and post-event DEMs allowed for the identification and quantification of erosion and deposition areas, and for the estimation of landslide volume. A sound back-analysis of the landslide with the 3D numerical model DAN3D was based on this comparison and on seismic records of the event. These seismic records proved to be remarkably useful, as they allowed for the calibration of the simulated landslide velocity. This ensured the reliability of the model notwithstanding the topographic datasets, intrinsic uncertainties. We found that using a pre-event DEM derived from technical cartography tends to slightly overestimate the volume with respect to the use of the more accurate LiDAR-derived DEM. In recent years, the landslide risk around Mt. Antelao has been increasing alongside the ever-growing population and human activities in the area. Sediment accumulations produced by the Le Laste landslide significantly amplified the debris flow hazard by providing new sediment sources. Therefore, it is crucial to delineate the distribution of this material to enable an adequate debris flow hazard assessment. The material properties derived from the back-analysis of the Le Laste landslide can be used to simulate the runout of possible future events, and to generate reliable hazard zone maps, which are necessary for effective risk mitigation
Indices of sediment connectivity_ opportunities, challenges and limitations
Heckmann, Tobias; Cavalli, Marco; Cerdan, Olivier; Foerster, Saskia; Javaux, Mathieu; Lode, Elve; Smetanová, Anna; Vericat, Damià; Brardinoni, Francesco, 2018, Indices of sediment connectivity_ opportunities, challenges and limitations,
Earth-science reviews 187 (2018): 77–108. doi_10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.08.004,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.earscirev.2018.08.004
Abstract
Indices of connectivity are critical means for moving from qualitative to (semi-)quantitative evaluations of material ...
Indices of connectivity are critical means for moving from qualitative to (semi-)quantitative evaluations of material (e.g., water, sediment and nutrients) transfer across the building blocks of a terrestrial system. In geomorphology, compared to closely related disciplines like ecology and hydrology, the development of indices has only recently started and as such presents opportunities and challenges that merit attention. In this paper, we review existing indices of sediment connectivity and suggest potential avenues of development for meeting current basic and applied research needs. Specifically, we focus on terrestrial geomorphic systems dominated by processes that are driven by hydro-meteorological forcing, neglecting seismically triggered events, karstic systems and environments controlled by eolian processes. We begin by setting a conceptual framework that combines external forcings (drivers) and system (intrinsic) structural and functional properties relevant to sediment connectivity. This framework guides our review of response variables suitable for sediment connectivity indices. In particular, we consider three sample applications concerned with sediment connectivity in_ (i) soil studies at the plot scale, (ii) bedload transport at the reach scale, and (iii) sediment budgets at the catchment scale. In relation to the set of response variables identified, we consider data availability and issues of data acquisition for use in indices of sediment connectivity. We classify currently available indices in raster based, object or network based, and indices based on effective catchment area. Virtually all existing indices address the degree of static, structural connectivity only, with limited attention for process-based, functional connectivity counterparts. Most recent developments in indices of sediment connectivity deal, to some extent, with different styles of anthropogenic and hydro-meteorological forcings and with the temporal variability of sediment connectivity, by incorporating additional variables and parameters in existing indices. We believe that, in order to use structural connectivity as explanatory or predictive tool, indices need to be interpretable in relation to geomorphic processes, material properties, and forcing styles and magnitude-frequency spectra. Improvements in this direction can be made through studies shaped to constrain structural-functional correlations across a range of hydro-meteorological scenarios, for example employing field-based techniques such as particle tracking and sediment provenance analysis, as well as numerical simulations. We further consider existing indices in relation to spatial and temporal scales. The latter have immediate implications on the distinction and application between indices and models of sediment connectivity. In this context, we suggest that sediment connectivity over millennial or longer time scales should be dealt with models, as opposed to indices.
Integrated high-resolution dataset of high-intensity European and Mediterranean flash floods
Amponsah W.; Ayral P.-A.; Boudevillain B.; Bouvier C.; Braud I.; Brunet P.; Delrieu G.; DIdon-Lescot J.-F.; Gaume E.; Lebouc L.; Marchi L.; Marra F.; Morin E.; Nord G.; Payrastre O.; Zoccatelli D.; Borga M., 2018, Integrated high-resolution dataset of high-intensity European and Mediterranean flash floods,
Earth system science data (Print) 10 (2018): 1783–1794. doi_10.5194/essd-10-1783-2018,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fessd-10-1783-2018
Abstract
This paper describes an integrated, high-resolution dataset of hydro-meteorological variables (rainfall
and discharge) concerning a number ...
This paper describes an integrated, high-resolution dataset of hydro-meteorological variables (rainfall
and discharge) concerning a number of high-intensity flash floods that occurred in Europe and in the Mediterranean
region from 1991 to 2015. This type of dataset is rare in the scientific literature because flash floods
are typically poorly observed hydrological extremes. Valuable features of the dataset (hereinafter referred to as
the EuroMedeFF database) include (i) its coverage of varied hydro-climatic regions, ranging from Continental
Europe through the Mediterranean to Arid climates, (ii) the high space-time resolution radar rainfall estimates,
and (iii) the dense spatial sampling of the flood response, by observed hydrographs and/or flood peak estimates
from post-flood surveys. Flash floods included in the database are selected based on the limited upstream catchment
areas (up to 3000 km2), the limited storm durations (up to 2 days), and the unit peak flood magnitude.
The EuroMedeFF database comprises 49 events that occurred in France, Israel, Italy, Romania, Germany and
Slovenia, and constitutes a sample of rainfall and flood discharge extremes in different climates. The dataset
may be of help to hydrologists as well as other scientific communities because it offers benchmark data for
the identification and analysis of the hydro-meteorological causative processes, evaluation of flash flood hydrological
models and for hydro-meteorological forecast systems. The dataset also provides a template for the
analysis of the space-time variability of flash flood triggering rainfall fields and of the effects of their estimation
on the flood response modelling. The dataset is made available to the public with the following DOI_
https_//doi.org/10.6096/MISTRALS-HyMeX.1493.
New strategies for the structural mitigation of landslides considering cost-sustainability
Giulia Bossi, Gianluca Marcato, 2018, New strategies for the structural mitigation of landslides considering cost-sustainability,
INTERPRAENENT 2018 in the Pacific Rim, pp. 222–227, Toyama, Japan, 1-4/10/2018,
Abstract
In most developed countries the budget devoted to structural risk mitigation of natural hazards such ...
In most developed countries the budget devoted to structural risk mitigation of natural hazards such as floods and
landslide is reducing. On top of that, mitigation structures constructed decades ago require some maintenance that it is
seldom guaranteed since they are widespread in all the territory and inspections are infrequent. In some cases, the cost
correlated with the engineering activities could be compensated through the association of works that provide economic
return on the long term.
The case study consists of a slope instability phenomenon crossed by a National Road that connects the Veneto and
Friuli Venezia Giulia regions. Due to the risk conditions the phenomenon has been investigated and monitored for more
than 15 years. The landslide is crossed by a torrent and near the crown of the instability phenomenon some springs are
present. The opportunity to use the water removed from the slope to produce energy through a small hydropower plant
could help sustain economically the remediation project.
New Strategy for Landslide Mitigation Considering Cost Sustainability
Giulia Bossi, Gianluca Marcato, 2018, New Strategy for Landslide Mitigation Considering Cost Sustainability,
Interpraevent 2018 in the Pacific Rim, pp. 56–57, Toyama, Japan, 1-4/10/2018,
Mass Movement Displacement Monitoring fir SABO Works Maintainance
Giulia Bossi, Matteo Mantovani, Gianluca Marcato, 2018, Mass Movement Displacement Monitoring fir SABO Works Maintainance,
Interpraevent 2018 in the Pacific Rim, pp. 128–129, Toyama, Japan, 1-4/10/2018,
Soil thermal conductivity from early TRT logs using an active hybrid optic fibre system
Antonio Galgaro, Philippe Pasquier, Luca Schenato, Matteo Cultrera, Giorgia Dalla Santa, 2018, Soil thermal conductivity from early TRT logs using an active hybrid optic fibre system,
Proceedings of the IGSHPA Research Track 2018, Stockholm, Sweden, 18-20/09/2018.,
Abstract
At the Molinella test site in Italy, a monitoring well has been equipped with a ...
At the Molinella test site in Italy, a monitoring well has been equipped with a hybrid active optical fibre cable down to the depth of 100 m sealed with geothermal grouting. The cored borehole provided a full stratigraphic sequence of unconsolidated alluvial deposits. The cored material has been classified from a geotechnical point of view, and the thermal parameters of the most relevant lithologies have been directly measured. Active heating of the optical fibre cable has been provided by a constant heating power injected through copper wires contained within the cable structure. This way, not only the equivalent thermal conductivity of the entire stratigraphy but also the thermal conductivity at a spatial resolution of 1 m have been obtained. For each investigated layer, the thermal conductivity obtained from the distributed temperature measurements and the ones acquired using direct measurements are interpreted and compared.
The Boolean Stochastic Generation Method for Addressing the Effect of Marked Soil Heterogeneity in Natural and Anthropic Slopes
Bossi, Giulia, Lisa Borgatti, Guido Gottardi, Gianluca Marcato,, 2018, The Boolean Stochastic Generation Method for Addressing the Effect of Marked Soil Heterogeneity in Natural and Anthropic Slopes,
XIII IAEG Congress - Engineering Geology for a Sustainable World, San Francisco, California, September 15-23, 2018,
Abstract
Soil heterogeneity plays a crucial role in affecting the stability of natural
and artificial slopes. Many ...
Soil heterogeneity plays a crucial role in affecting the stability of natural
and artificial slopes. Many authors estimated the uncertainty linked
with soil heterogeneity using continuous functions that represent the
range of variation of soil parameters within a uniform, single layer.
However, in several geomorphological processes, the sediment deposition
follows a bimodal pattern resulting in two different types of soil
displaying markedly different rheological properties that can alternate
in thin layers. The Boolean Stochastic Generation (BoSG) method
addresses the uncertainty linked with the mechanical effect due to
marked soil heterogeneity through the stochastic generation of
numerous soil configurations. The method is called Boolean since the
material could be either matrix, with specific properties, or randomly
generated layers with another set of parameters. Analyzing the results
of the cumulated pool of configurations, it is possible to address the
range of variation of target quantities such as displacements or saturation
in the entire numerical domain or in specific locations. This could
be useful for reliability assessment but also for planning a secondary
investigation campaign since it is possible to highlight the areas where
uncertainty is higher and where new data would be useful. Moreover,
it is possible to select from the pool the configuration appearing more
congruent with monitoring data and use the BoSG technique for back
analysis. The BoSG method has been applied to study natural and
artificial slopes both with two-dimensional and tri-dimensional models,
allowing to_ estimate the reliability of slope stability assessment,
select automatically the best fit model for large landslides and target
secondary investigation campaigns where uncertainty is higher, and
evaluate the hazard of backward erosion in levees.
Monitoring the Foundation Soil of an Existing Levee Using Distributed Temperature Fiber Optic Sensors
Giulia Bossi, Luca Schenato, Alessandro Pasuto, Silvia Bersan, Fabio De Polo, Simonetta Cola, Paolo Simonini, 2018, Monitoring the Foundation Soil of an Existing Levee Using Distributed Temperature Fiber Optic Sensors,
China-Europe Conference on Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 977–980, Wien, August 13 - 16, 2018,
Abstract
Increasing reliability of levees is one of the main strategies to follow
for flood risk reduction. ...
Increasing reliability of levees is one of the main strategies to follow
for flood risk reduction. Through monitoring it is possible to assess the response
of levees to floods and to identify areas that may be subject to sand boiling. In
this work a new monitoring system based on distributed temperature fiber optic
sensors is presented. A hybrid cable that embeds optical fibers and electric wires
has been installed at the toe of a 350 m long stretch of an operational levee in
Northern Italy along with traditional sensors such as piezometers and spot temper-
ature sensors. Through the interrogation of the fiber it is possible to acquire
temperature measures every 1 m with an accuracy of 0.5 °C. Besides, by heating
the cable through the electrical wires, the transient behavior in response to the
active heating and consequent passive cooling along the fiber is assessed. Since
heat is mostly transferred by advection, this procedure enables to estimate the
presence of groundwater flow in different zones along the levee stretch. First
results show a good correspondence between areas with larger presence of sandy
levels and the fiber data. Further developments will arise when a significant flood
event will provide an intense seepage driving force within the levee foundation
to be detected by the sensors.
Monitoring topographic changes through 4D-structure-from-motion photogrammetry_ application to a debris-flow channel
Cucchiaro, Sara; Cavalli, Marco; Vericat, Damià; Vericat, Damià; Crema, Stefano; Llena, Manel; Beinat, Alberto; Marchi, Lorenzo; Cazorzi, Federico, 2018, Monitoring topographic changes through 4D-structure-from-motion photogrammetry_ application to a debris-flow channel,
Environmental earth sciences (Print) 77 (2018). doi_10.1007/s12665-018-7817-4,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7817-4
Abstract
The study of fast geomorphic changes in mountain channels and hillslopes, driven by intense geomorphic ...
The study of fast geomorphic changes in mountain channels and hillslopes, driven by intense geomorphic processes, requires frequent and detailed topographic surveys. In the last two decades, high-resolution topography (HRT) has provided new opportunities in the Earth Sciences. These have benefited from important developments in surveying techniques, methods, sensors, and platforms. Between these, the application of structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry has become a widely used method to acquire HRT and high-resolution orthomosaics at multiple temporal and spatial scales. SfM photogrammetry has revolutionized the possibility to collect multi-temporal HRT in rugged or inaccessible environments like that observed in debris-flow catchments. However, appropriate workflows incorporating survey planning, data acquisition, post-processing, and error and uncertainty assessment are required, especially when multi-temporal surveys are compared to study topographic changes through time. In this paper, we present a workflow to acquire and process HRT. The workflow was applied in a debris-flow channel of the Moscardo Torrent (Eastern Italian Alps). Due to the topographic complexity of the study area, the SfM surveys were carried out integrating photos obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle and from the ground. This integration guarantees high data density and avoids shadows. Eight photogrammetric surveys were collected between December 2015 and August 2017. In this time interval, five debris flows occurred. The surveying and data processing procedure described in the workflow permitted to summarize and integrate all the analysis steps and helped to identify and minimize potential sources of error in the multi-temporal SfM data (what we consider here 4D). Our case study demonstrates how the developed workflow presented here allows studying the geomorphic effects of debris flows and check dams functionality in mountain environments.
Indagini geologiche nel bacino idrografico del rio Kortol e dei suoi affluenti – Secondo stato di avanzamento
Bossi Giulia, Cavalli Marco, Crema Stefano, Marcato Gianluca, Marchi Lorenzo, Pasuto Alessandro, 2018, Indagini geologiche nel bacino idrografico del rio Kortol e dei suoi affluenti – Secondo stato di avanzamento,
2018,
Abstract
Il rapporto presenta lo sviluppo delle attività svolte (punti 5-8 del cronoprogramma) nell'ambito dell'incarico conferito ...
Il rapporto presenta lo sviluppo delle attività svolte (punti 5-8 del cronoprogramma) nell'ambito dell'incarico conferito dalla Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia al CNR IRPI, avente per oggetto lo sviluppo di indagini geologiche nel bacino idrografico del rio Kortol e dei suoi affluenti (decreto n. 55 del 12/09/2017 del Presidente della Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia - Commissario straordinario delegato per la realizzazione degli interventi di mitigazione del rischio idrogeologico).
Soil moisture remote-sensing applications for identification of flood-prone areas along transport infrastructure
Ahlmer A.-K.; Cavalli M.; Hansson K.; Koutsouris A.J.; Crema S.; Kalantari Z., 2018, Soil moisture remote-sensing applications for identification of flood-prone areas along transport infrastructure,
Environmental earth sciences (Print) 77 (2018). doi_10.1007/s12665-018-7704-z,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs12665-018-7704-z
Abstract
The expected increase in precipitation and temperature in Scandinavia, and especially short-time heavy precipitation, will ...
The expected increase in precipitation and temperature in Scandinavia, and especially short-time heavy precipitation, will increase the frequency of flooding. Urban areas are the most vulnerable, and specifically, the road infrastructure. The accumulation of large volumes of water and sediments on road-stream intersections gets severe consequences for the road drainage structures. This study integrates the spatial and temporal soil moisture properties into the research about flood prediction methods by a case study of two areas in Sweden, Västra Götaland and Värmland, which was affected by severe flooding in August 2014. Soil moisture data are derived from remote-sensing techniques, with a focus on the soil moisture-specific satellites ASCAT and SMOS. Furthermore, several physical catchments descriptors (PCDs) are analyzed and the result shows that larger slopes and drainage density, in general, mean a higher risk of flooding. The precipitation is the same; however, it can be concluded that more precipitation in most cases gives higher soil moisture values. The lack, or the dimensioning, of road drainage structures seems to have a large impact on the flood risk as more sediment and water can be accumulated at the road-stream intersection. The results show that the method implementing soil moisture satellite data is promising for improving the reliability of flooding.
An International Program on Silk Road Disaster Risk Reduction – a Belt and Road Initiative, 2016-2020
Lei, Y., Cui, P., Regmi, A.D., Murray, V., Pasuto, A., Titti, G., Shafique, M., Priyadarshana, T., 2018, An International Program on Silk Road Disaster Risk Reduction – a Belt and Road Initiative, 2016-2020,
Journal of Mountain Science 15 (2018): 1383–1396. doi_10.1007s11629-018-4842-4,
Abstract
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, ...
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a Chinese national strategy which calls for cooperative economic, political and cultural exchange at the global level along the ancient Silk Road. The overwhelming natural hazards located along the belt and road bring great challenges to the success of BRI. In this framework, a 5-year international program was launched to address issues related to hazards assessment and disaster risk reduction (DRR). The first workshop of this program was held in Beijing with international experts from over 15 countries. Risk conditions on Belt and Road Countries (BRCs) have been shared and science and technology advancements on DRR have been disseminated during the workshop. Under this program, six task forces have been setup to carry out collaborative research works and three prioritized study areas have been established. This workshop announced the launching of this program which involved partners from different countries including Pakistan, Nepal, Russia, Italy, United Kingdom, Sri Lanka and Tajikistan. The program adopted the objectives of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 and United Nation Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and was implemented to assess disaster risk in BRCs and to propose suitable measures for disaster control which can be appropriate both for an individual country and for specific sites. This paper deals with the outcomes of the workshop and points out opportunities for the near future international cooperation on this matter.
An integrated study to evaluate debris flow hazard in alpine environment
Tiranti D., Crema S., Cavalli M., Deangeli C., 2018, An integrated study to evaluate debris flow hazard in alpine environment,
Frontiers in Earth Sciences 6 (2018). doi_10.3389/feart.2018.00060,
DOI: 10.3389%2Ffeart.2018.00060
Abstract
Debris flows are among the most dangerous natural processes affecting the alpine environment due to ...
Debris flows are among the most dangerous natural processes affecting the alpine environment due to their magnitude (volume of transported material) and the long runout. The presence of structures and infrastructures on alluvial fans can lead to severe problems in terms of interactions between debris flows and human activities. Risk mitigation in these areas requires identifying the magnitude, triggers, and propagation of debris flows. Here, we propose an integrated methodology to characterize these phenomena. The methodology consists of three complementary procedures. Firstly, we adopt a classification method based on the propensity of the catchment bedrocks to produce clayey-grained material. The classification allows us to identify the most likely rheology of the process. Secondly, we calculate a sediment connectivity index to estimate the topographic control on the possible coupling between the sediment source areas and the catchment channel network. This step allows for the assessment of the debris supply, which is most likely available for the channelized processes. Finally, with the data obtained in the previous steps, we modeled the propagation and depositional pattern of debris flows with a 3D code based on Cellular Automata. The results of the numerical runs allowus to identify the depositional patterns and the areas potentially involved in the flow processes. This integrated methodology is applied to a test-bed catchment located in Northwestern Alps. The results indicate that this approach can be regarded as a useful tool to estimate debris flow related potential hazard scenarios in an alpine environment in an expeditious way without possessing an exhaustive knowledge of the investigated catchment, including data on historical debris flow events. ? 2018 Tiranti, Crema, Cavalli and Deangeli.
Effects of agricultural drainage systems on sediment connectivity in a small Mediterranean lowland catchment
Calsamiglia A., Garcia-Comendador J., Fortesa J., Lopez-Tarazon J.A., Crema S., Cavalli M., Calvo-Cases A., Estrany J., 2018, Effects of agricultural drainage systems on sediment connectivity in a small Mediterranean lowland catchment,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 318 (2018): 162–171. doi_10.1016/j.geomorph.2018.06.011,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2018.06.011
Abstract
Traditional drainage systems combining man-made channels and subsurface tile drains have been used since Roman ...
Traditional drainage systems combining man-made channels and subsurface tile drains have been used since Roman times to control water excess in Mediterranean lowland regions, favouring adequate soil water regime for agriculture purposes. However, mechanization of agriculture, abandonment or land use changes lead to a progressive deterioration of these drains in the last decades. The effects of these structures on hydrological and sediment dynamics have been previously analyzed in a small Mediterranean lowland catchment (Can Revull, Mallorca, Spain, 1.4 km2) by establishing an integrated sediment budget with a multi-technique approach. Moreover, the recent advances in morphometric techniques enable the completion of this analysis by the accurate identification of active areas (i.e. sources, pathway links, and sinks) and improve the understanding of (de-)coupling mechanisms of water and sediment linkages. In this study, the Borselli's index of connectivity (IC; Cavalli et al. (2013)'s version) derived from a LiDAR-based high resolution DEM (>1 pt m-2; RMSE < 0.2 m) was used to evaluate the spatial patterns of sediment connectivity of the catchment under two different scenarios_ (1) the current scenario, including an accurate representation of the 3800 m of artificial channels and levees (CS - Channelled Scenario), and (2) a hypothetical scenario in which these anthropogenic features were removed (US - Unchannelled Scenario). Design and configuration of the drainage system in Can Revull generated changes favouring lateral decoupling between different compartments, with hillslopes-floodplain and floodplain-channels relationships, showing a general decrease of IC values, and high longitudinal connectivity along the artificial channel network. Field observations corroborated these results_ structures enabled rapid drainage of the water excess also promoting low surface runoff within the field crops, proving to be an effective management practice for erosion control in agricultural Mediterranean lowland catchments. By contrast, US demonstrated that the abandonment of the current agricultural practices and the subsequent destruction of the drainage system could lead the higher soil loss rates owning to more intense/effective processes of sediment connectivity. ? 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Estimation of the susceptibility of a road network to shallow landslides with the integration of the sediment connectivity
Bordoni, Massimiliano; Persichillo, M. Giuseppina; Meisina, Claudia; Crema, Stefano; Cavalli, Marco; Bartelletti, Carlotta; Galanti, Yuri; Barsanti, Michele; Giannecchini, Roberto; D'Amato Avanzi, Giacomo, 2018, Estimation of the susceptibility of a road network to shallow landslides with the integration of the sediment connectivity,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Print) 18 (2018): 1735–1758. doi_10.5194/nhess-18-1735-2018,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fnhess-18-1735-2018
Abstract
Landslides cause severe damage to the road network of the hit zone, in terms of ...
Landslides cause severe damage to the road network of the hit zone, in terms of both direct (partial or complete destruction of a road or blockages) and indirect (traffic restriction or the cut-off of a certain area) costs. Thus, the identification of the parts of the road network that are more susceptible to landslides is fundamental to reduce the risk to the population potentially exposed and the financial expense caused by the damage. For these reasons, this paper aimed to develop and test a data-driven model for the identification of road sectors that are susceptible to being hit by shallow landslides triggered in slopes upstream from the infrastructure. This model was based on the Generalized Additive Method, where the function relating predictors and response variable is an empirically fitted smooth function that allows fitting the data in the more likely functional form, considering also non-linear relations. This work also analyzed the importance, on the estimation of the susceptibility, of considering or not the sediment connectivity, which influences the path and the travel distance of the materials mobilized by a slope failure until hitting a potential barrier such as a road. The study was carried out in a catchment of northeastern Oltrepo Pavese (northern Italy), where several shallow landslides affected roads in the last 8 years. The most significant explanatory variables were selected by a random partition of the available dataset in two parts (training and test subsets), 100 times according to a bootstrap procedure. These variables (selected 80 times by the bootstrap procedure) were used to build the final susceptibility model, the accuracy of which was estimated through a 100-fold repetition of the holdout method for regression, based on the training and test sets created through the 100 bootstrap model selection. The presented methodology allows the identification, in a robust and reliable way, of the most susceptible road sectors that could be hit by sediments delivered by landslides. The best predictive capability was obtained using a model in which the index of connectivity was also calculated according to a linear relationship, was considered. Most susceptible road traits resulted to be located below steep slopes with a limited height (lower than 50 m), where sediment connectivity is high. Different land use scenarios were considered in order to estimate possible changes in road susceptibility. Land use classes of the study area were characterized by similar connectivity features. As a consequence, variations on the susceptibility of the road network according to different scenarios of distribution of land cover were limited. The results of this research demonstrate the ability of the developed methodology in the assessment of susceptible roads. This could give the managers of infrastructure information about the criticality of the different road traits, thereby allowing attention and economic budgets to be shifted towards the most critical assets, where structural and non-structural mitigation measures could be implemented.
Monitoring rock spreading processes in the San Leo norh face (northen Apennines, Italy)
Borgatti L., Lucente C.C., Marcato G., Petronici F., Tedesco G., 2018, Monitoring rock spreading processes in the San Leo norh face (northen Apennines, Italy),
6 Congresso nazionale AIGA, pp. 83–84, curmayeur, 27-29/06/2018,
Hydrogeological modelling of the fractured aquifer in the S.Lorenzo road tunnel area (Passo della Morte, Udine)
Petronici F., Piccinini L., Marcato G., Tedesco G., Borgatti L., 2018, Hydrogeological modelling of the fractured aquifer in the S.Lorenzo road tunnel area (Passo della Morte, Udine),
6 Congresso nazionale AIGA, pp. 12–13, Courmayeur, 27-29/06/2018,
Numerical models for planning landslide risk mitigation strategies in iconic but unstable landscapes_ The case of Cinque Torri (Dolomites, Italy)
Viero, Alessia; Viero, Alessia; Kuraoka, Senro; Borgatti, Lisa; Breda, Anna; Marcato, Gianluca; Preto, Nereo; Galgaro, Antonio, 2018, Numerical models for planning landslide risk mitigation strategies in iconic but unstable landscapes_ The case of Cinque Torri (Dolomites, Italy),
Engineering geology 240 (2018): 163–174. doi_10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.03.018,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2018.03.018
Abstract
This study deals with the numerical modelling of large deep-seated instability processes affecting the Cinque ...
This study deals with the numerical modelling of large deep-seated instability processes affecting the Cinque Torri Group (Dolomites, Italy), which is a UNESCO World heritage site. The aim is to evaluate the role of intrinsic causal factors and to assess the failure mechanism proposed in previous investigations. The geological model is based on topographic, geological and geomechanical surveys, complemented with mineralogical, physical and geotechnical lab analyses for parameters determination. The numerical simulations have been carried out using a Distinct Element Method code on conceptual and site-specific slope models. A series of parametric analyses have been performed to characterize the role of the different predisposing factors potentially related with the ongoing rock spreading_ i) load of the rocky pinnacles; ii) lithology, stratigraphy and attitude of the geological units; iii) discontinuity sets in the rock mass; iv) degradation of the mechanical properties. The results of this study suggest that the shear zone initiation is controlled by stress concentration due to the loading of the dolomitic pinnacles, whereas its shape appears to be structurally controlled by the dip-slope attitude of bedding in clay-rich mudstones. The interpretation of the modelling results has provided a better understanding of the ongoing deformation process, which can help in targeting effective and low-impact landslide risk mitigation strategies in this iconic landscape.
Monitoring of subsidence in the lowland area between the Piave and Livenza rivers using A-DInSAR techniques
Mario Floris,
Alessandro Fontana,
Gabriele Fontanel,
Matteo Mantovani,
Alessandro Pasuto,
Livio Ronchi,
Giulia Bossi,
Paolo Riccardi,
Giulia Tessari,, 2018, Monitoring of subsidence in the lowland area between the Piave and Livenza rivers using A-DInSAR techniques,
6° Congresso Nazionale AIGA 2018, pp. 29–29, Courmayeur, 27-29/06/2018,
Abstract
Space-borne SAR data acquired by ERS 1/2, ENVISAT, COSMO-SkyMed and Sentinel-1 missions from 1992 to ...
Space-borne SAR data acquired by ERS 1/2, ENVISAT, COSMO-SkyMed and Sentinel-1 missions from 1992 to 2017 were processed through both PS-InSAR and SBAS techniques to evaluate the rate of subsidence affecting the lowland area between the Piave and Livenza rivers (about 250 square kilometers). The plain was formed by the interplay between the fluvial system of the rivers and lagoon and marine environments.
Velocity maps and time series of displacements were compared to ancillary data such as geological and geomorphological maps, orthophotos and satellite images collected between 1988 and 2015. Five subareas were analyzed in detail, investigating the relationships between the change in land cover and/or the spatial variation of geological and geomorphological features and the different rates of displacement.
The main aims of this study are to test DInSAR techniques as a tool for geological and geomorphological mapping and to verify if geomorphological surveys may support the detection of areas prone to subsidence.
Results show that subsidence is mainly related to the geological characteristics of the subsoil. Downlift can be generally detected where recent structures and infrastructures are present; we observed a rapid growth of displacement rate (up to 9 mm/yr) in the first 8 years after the construction of new buildings, a decrease (about 3 mm/y) in the following 10 years and a final stabilization in the last 7 years of the observation period (1992-2017). This sequence can be related to the different steps of the consolidation process. We also observed different rates of displacement affecting a well-defined sector of the town of S. Stino di Livenza, where the faster rates can be related to the presence of a minor paleo-channel filled by recent unconsolidated deposits.
Our findings show that DInSAR can be a tool for geomorphological and geological mapping through the identification of subsidence pattern caused by different geotechnical properties of the deposits, especially in urbanized zone, where direct observations are limited. The clear relationship between the difference in the rate of ground displacement and the spatial variation of geomorphological features, suggests that geomorphology can be used as an effective tool for the predicting land subsidence.
Determinazione in back-analysis dei parametri caratteristici delle terre per la modellizzazione delle frane
Titti G., Marcato G., Bossi G., 2018, Determinazione in back-analysis dei parametri caratteristici delle terre per la modellizzazione delle frane,
XIII Convegno Nazionale Git - Sezione di Geoscienze e Tecnologie Informatiche, Sarzana (SP), 11-13/06/2018,
Abstract
Il lavoro qui descritto è finalizzato allo sviluppo di un sistema a supporto alle decisioni ...
Il lavoro qui descritto è finalizzato allo sviluppo di un sistema a supporto alle decisioni per la determinazione dei parametri geotecnici in back analysis per frane. La prospettiva è la riduzione dell'intervento umano nella procedura di selezione, limitando così la componente soggettiva attraverso lo sviluppo di un sistema semi-automatico, quantitativo, che permetta di incrementare l'affidabilità dell'analisi e la riproducibilità dei risultati. Il modello è stato quindi valutato applicandolo alla frana studio nell'ambito del progetto di monitoraggio e valutazione del rischio indotto dalle frane in località Passo della Morte (UD).
New strategies for the structural mitigation of landslides considering cost-sustainability
Giulia Bossi, Gianluca Marcato, 2018, New strategies for the structural mitigation of landslides considering cost-sustainability,
6° Congresso Nazionale AIGA 2018, pp. 73–73, Courmayeur, 27-29/06/2018,
Abstract
The budget dedicated to the structural mitigation of natural hazards such as floods and landslides ...
The budget dedicated to the structural mitigation of natural hazards such as floods and landslides is being reduced in many developed countries. This phenomenon follows a fairly defined trend with large investments in the two decades post-WWII and a nearly constant decline to the present day. This is due both to a reduced availability of funding by the central authorities and to the cumulative effects of risk reduction following the implementation of structural measures that mitigated the most pressing, serious or urgent problems.
The growth of anthropic pressure in mountain environments, added to the modification of the attitude towards risk by the exposed population, is now overlapped by a situation in which funding for new large works is scarce and in which, at the same time, the countermeasures built in the post-war period reach a critical age that requires extraordinary maintenance.
A new strategy is therefore required to offset the costs for structural mitigation through the association of works that provide long-term economic returns. This would allow local authorities to self-finance risk mitigation without taking resources away from other activities that are also necessary.
For example, there is the case of a landslide covering an area of about 100,000 m2 located in the Alta Valle del Tagliamento (Udine, Italy) crossed by the SS Carnica state road that connects Cadore and Carnia. The landslide, consisting of two former distinct instability phenomena that are now interdependent, is crossed by a stream fed by permanent sources. The data collected in more than 5 years of monitoring show how the flow in the torrent is directly related to the landslide displacements. The opportunity to channel and use the water subtracted from the system to produce energy through a micro-hydroelectric plant can contribute to economically support the mitigation without burdening the budget of the local authority.
Monitoraggio strutturale di un tunnel stradale che attraversa una grande frana attiva (Passo della Morte, Forni di Sotto, UD).
Bossi G., Tedesco G., Schento L., Marcato G., 2018, Monitoraggio strutturale di un tunnel stradale che attraversa una grande frana attiva (Passo della Morte, Forni di Sotto, UD).,
8° IAGIG INCONTRO ANNUALE GIOVANI INGEGNERI GEOTECNICI, pp. 132–135, Udine, 18-19/05/2018,
Abstract
In località Passo della Morte, UD (46°23'49" N, 12°42'51" E), lungo l'Alta Valle del Tagliamento, ...
In località Passo della Morte, UD (46°23'49" N, 12°42'51" E), lungo l'Alta Valle del Tagliamento, il tracciato la Strada Statale 52 "Carnica" si sviluppa in sotterraneo per poco più di 2200 m. La presenza di una frana che viene intersecata dal tunnel, causa problemi al gestore dell'infrastruttura sin dalla sua prima costruzione, a metà anni novanta. Questa nota descrive il sistema di monitoraggio strutturale che controlla il quadro fessurativo di in una porzione della galleria, introduce il portale web che permette di accedere e visualizzare i dati in real-time ed infine delinea uno schema statico semplificato per i conci maggiormente danneggiati sulla base dei dati di monitoraggio. In conclusione si evidenzia come il sistema di monitoraggio abbia favorito la definizione della relazione tra struttura e frana e permesso di delineare gli interventi di mitigazione più appropriati e efficaci.
SedInConnect: a free tool for a usable sediment connectivity index
Stefano Crema*°, Lorenzo Marchi°, Marco Cavalli°, 2018, SedInConnect: a free tool for a usable sediment connectivity index,
TERRAENVISION 2018, Barcelona (Spain), 29/01-01/02/2018,
Abstract
Sediment connectivity characterizes the degree of linkage that controls sediment fluxes, in particular between sediment ...
Sediment connectivity characterizes the degree of linkage that controls sediment fluxes, in particular between sediment sources and downstream target areas. The assessment of sediment connectivity turns into a key issue when dealing with risk mitigation and landscape intervention priorities.
The prevailing process that characterizes a catchment is also of great importance in relation to risk assessment, with the aim of optimization of operational and non-structural intervention procedures.
In the present work, the authors present the freely available SedInConnect application, an open-source tool for the assessment of sediment connectivity. SedInConnect computes sediment connectivity index as expressed in Cavalli et al. (2013), with user-selectable ad-hoc options.
Sediment connectivity analysis has been carried out for several catchments in the alpine environment with the goal of having a fast and objective characterization of the catchment morphodynamics. The index of connectivity has proved to be a valuable indicator of the dominant process characterizing the basin dynamic (debris flow, bedload, mixed behavior). Furthermore, the comparison with other morphometric indexes commonly used to characterize catchment activity confirmed this hypothesis.
The application of the connectivity index has therefore permitted not only to characterize the catchment dominant process, but also to depict the connectivity variability inside each basin. Spatial variability is part of the outcomes of the analysis and temporal variability can be included modeling different scenarios, thus having a precious tool for research and land management purposes.
Indagini geologiche nel bacino idrografico del rio Kortol e dei suoi affluenti – Primo stato di avanzamento
L. Marchi, G. Bossi, M. Mantovani, M. Cavalli, S. Crema, G. Marcato, 2018, Indagini geologiche nel bacino idrografico del rio Kortol e dei suoi affluenti – Primo stato di avanzamento,
pp.1–36, 2018,
Abstract
Il rapporto presenta le prime attività svolte nell'ambito dell'incarico conferito dalla Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia ...
Il rapporto presenta le prime attività svolte nell'ambito dell'incarico conferito dalla Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia al CNR IRPI, avente per oggetto lo sviluppo di indagini geologiche nel bacino idrografico del rio Kortol e dei suoi affluenti (decreto n. 55 del 12/09/2017 del Presidente della Regione Autonoma Friuli Venezia Giulia - Commissario straordinario delegato per la realizzazione degli interventi di mitigazione del rischio idrogeologico).
Volcanic eruptions and connectivity index_ the Blanco River (Chile) case study
Martini L., Cavalli M., Iroumé A., Picco L., 2018, Volcanic eruptions and connectivity index_ the Blanco River (Chile) case study,
GIT 2018, Sarzana (SP), 11-13/06/2018,
Abstract
The Chaitén volcanic eruption (Chile) severely modified the geomorphological settings of the Blanco River catchment. ...
The Chaitén volcanic eruption (Chile) severely modified the geomorphological settings of the Blanco River catchment. These abrupt changes can enhance or reduce the sediment connectivity between hillslope and main channel with important consequences for the downstream village.
Linking high-resolution hydrology and geomorphometry for flash flood analysis
Stefano Crema1,4, Francesco Marra2, Marco Cavalli4, Lorenzo Marchi4, Francesco Comiti3, Marco Borga1, 2018, Linking high-resolution hydrology and geomorphometry for flash flood analysis,
GIT - Geosciences and Information Technologies 2018, Sarzana, Italy, 11-13 giugno 2018,
Abstract
Flash flood represent a major natural hazard and their investigation is usually challenging due to ...
Flash flood represent a major natural hazard and their investigation is usually challenging due to the rapid temporal evolution and severe but localized spatial dynamics. Post-event monitoring of flash floods represents a key step in order to improve the assessment of both hazard and vulnerability. In this study, we present a methodology for an improved characterization of flash flood dynamics and related instabilities phenomena, focusing on a flash flood occurred on Aug 5-6 2017 over a 100 km2 alpine catchment of northeastern Italy. The analyzed flash flood caused important damages to infrastructures and posed a particular threat to human lives due to the simultaneous evolution of slope instability phenomena such as debris flows. The examined dataset encompasses calibrated radar rainfall, the flood hydrograph recorded near the outlet of the basin, peak discharge from post-flood survey of ungauged cross sections, LiDAR terrain data and satellite/aerial imagery. The methodological framework of the hydrological analysis embraces the calibration of a rainfall-runoff model, its downscaling to ungauged catchments and its cross-validation with field surveys for an estimation of peak discharge and related geomorphic effects. The application of a morphometric index of sediment connectivity has allowed investigating the topographic potential for sediment to be routed downstream and to analyze spatial connectivity patterns at high resolution for all the sub catchments. Preliminary results portray the inner dynamics of the event as characterized by severe spatial and temporal variability and show consistency between simulated discharge and post-flood field surveys. The flood response of analyzed sub catchments shows as well important correlation with the spatial patterns of the triggering thunderstorm. Sediment connectivity pattern has proved to be an important factor controlling the severity of the response at the analyzed catchments. In particular, the integration of geomorphic analysis with input forcing severity has allowed for a more precise recognition of the most critical conditions in terms of sediment availability, sediment connectivity and storm severity. The present work paves the way for more detailed analysis (e.g., Geomorphic Change Detection) that will permit to investigate the relation between the hydrological processes leading to flash flood occurrence and related instability and sediment transfer processes.
Assessing geomorphic changes induced by a debris-flow: a case study in the Dolomites
Minute F., Cavalli M., Comiti F., 2018, Assessing geomorphic changes induced by a debris-flow: a case study in the Dolomites,
GIT 2018, Sarzana (SP), 11-13/06/2018,
Abstract
The study of landscapes and their dynamics has become fundamental to understand natural hazard mechanisms ...
The study of landscapes and their dynamics has become fundamental to understand natural hazard mechanisms and the better planning of mitigation measures to prevent damages and loss. Mountain regions present higher risk due to complex geology and morphology. South Tyrol is particularly prone to natural hazards, 256 recorded events in 2016, 62 of which classified as debris-flow. This process is characterized by high mobility, speed and energy, prerequisites that can sometimes lead to catastrophes (e.g. Sarno, 1998). A major event occurred on the August 5th, 2017 in the Braies/Prags area (Dolomites). Heavy rainfall triggered a large debris-flow in the Schade catchment, which hit the village of Ferrara/Schmieden. The event caused damages to infrastructures and buildings but no casualties. The aim of this study is to analyze the debris-flow event by using a Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) differencing approach to estimate the mobilized materials and identify the spatial patterns of erosion and deposition in the catchment. The estimation of the eroded and deposited volume was performed with the software Arc-GIS by computing a DoD (DEM of difference) which allows assessing elevation changes through time. In the study case, pre- and post-event DEMs were available (dated 2010 and 2017, respectively). The process required a sophisticated elaboration of the data. An accurate difference between two elevation surfaces is possible only if the two DEMs are completely overlapped, satisfying the principles of concurrency and orthogonality. The co-registration of the two point clouds has been carried out through the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm of the free software Cloud Compare. The values of the matrix of transformation have been derived by analyzing stable areas. The DoD was at first calculated for the entire catchment (around 4 km2) but, even if a robust approach encompassing DEMs error estimate and errors propagation into the DoD, results were not satisfying due to large differences in terms of representativeness of the two DEMs in input. The solution was the selection of a mask of the areas affected by erosion or deposition and effectively connected to the main channel network. A first net volume estimation was computed by estimating the DoD minimum level of detection considering a constant error of 20 cm for the 2017-DEM and 35 cm for the 2010-DEM. A more accurate elaboration was obtained by using a fuzzy approach, which estimates the error and propagates uncertainty into the DoD with a spatially variable approach. The resulted net balance was -115.719 ± 46.043 m3 and this value was taken as a reference by personnel in charge for watershed management for building a 100.000 m3 sediment retention basin at the catchment outlet. The results obtained from this study can be used for landscape planning including mitigation solutions and developing more robust hazard maps.
Preliminary debris-flow assessment at the regional scale_ a GIS-based approach
Cavalli M., Crema S., Trevisani S., Marchi L., 2018, Preliminary debris-flow assessment at the regional scale_ a GIS-based approach,
GIT 2018, Sarzana (SP), 11-13/06/2018,
Abstract
Debris flows are widespread phenomena in mountain catchments that often cause damage to urbanized areas ...
Debris flows are widespread phenomena in mountain catchments that often cause damage to urbanized areas and transport routes. The spatial characterization of the affected areas is a major issue in the framework of watershed management.
We developed a simple and fast semi-automated and low data-demanding procedure for regional-scale identification of debris-flow prone channels and alluvial fans. A GIS-based approach enables a preliminary mapping of potentially debris-flow affected areas and provides information for the priority ranking of channels and alluvial fans exposed to debris flows.
The methodology exploits Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) to derive geomorphometric parameters analyzed for the identification of debris-flow triggering areas and their propagation along the channel. Potential initiation sites of debris flows are identified as those exceeding a threshold of local slope versus contributing area, while channel reaches corresponding to debris flows propagation, deceleration and halting conditions are derived from thresholds of local slope. An analysis of longitudinal channel profiles, which considers the traveled distance and the local slope, is used for the computation of the debris-flow runout. The procedure takes into account the presence of hydraulic control works (i.e. check dams) along with information on erosion-resistant bedrock channels and sediment availability. This approach has been validated by means of field checks and through its extensive application in the eastern Italian Alps.
The developed methodology has been implemented in a set of freely-available software tools (https://github.com/HydrogeomorphologyTools) in order to facilitate its application and further validation in different environments.
Effects of agricultural drainage systems on sediment connectivity in a small Mediterranean lowland catchment under contrasted rainfall events
Aleix Calsamiglia (1,2), Julián García-Comendador (1,2), Josep Fortesa (1,2), José A. López-Tarazón (1,2,3),
Stefano Crema (4), Marco Cavalli (4), Adolfo Calvo-Cases (5), Joan Estrany (1,2), 2018, Effects of agricultural drainage systems on sediment connectivity in a small Mediterranean lowland catchment under contrasted rainfall events,
EGU - European Geosciences Union 2018, pp. 14985, Vienna (Austria), 8-13 aprile 2018,
Abstract
Traditional drainage systems combining man-made channels and subsurface tile drains have been used since Roman
times ...
Traditional drainage systems combining man-made channels and subsurface tile drains have been used since Roman
times to control water excess, favouring adequate soil water regime for agriculture purposes. However, mechanization
of agriculture, abandonment or land use changes lead to a progressive deterioration of these drains in the
last decades. The effects of these structures on hydrological and sediment dynamics have been previously analyzed
in a small Mediterranean lowland catchment (Can Revull, Mallorca; Spain) by establishing an integrated sediment
budget with a multi-technique approach. Moreover, the recent advances in morphometric techniques enable the
completion of this analysis by the accurate identification of active areas (i.e. sources, pathway links, and sinks) and
improve the understanding of (de-)coupling mechanisms of water and sediment linkages. In this study, an index
of connectivity (IC) derived from a LiDAR-based high resolution DTM (< 1 pt m-2; RMSE < 0.2 m) was used
to evaluate the spatial patterns of connectivity of the catchment. Design and configuration of the drainage system
in Can Revull generated changes, favouring lateral decoupling between different compartments, with hillslopesfloodplain
and floodplain-channels relationships showing a general decrease of IC values, and high longitudinal
connectivity along the artificial channel network. Field observations after a low-magnitude high-frequency event
(i.e. 23 mm in 5 h) corroborated that the drainage systems in Can Revull enabled rapid drainage of the water excess
also promoting low surface runoff within the field crops, proving to be an effective management practice for
erosion control in agricultural Mediterranean lowland catchments.. However, the occurrence of high-magnitude
rainfall events may exceed the drainage capacity of the artificial channel network, giving rise to changes in the spatial
patterns of connectivity, shifting the water pathways, triggering new sedimentary processes and considerably
increasing the effective area of the catchment. The relationships between structural and functional connectivity
according to the frequency-magnitude of the events is a challenge that will be addressed in this oral presentation.
Integrating sediment connectivity into the assessment of landslides susceptibility for road network
Bordoni M., Persichillo M. G., Cavalli M., Crema S., Meisina C., Bartelletti C., Galanti Y., Barsanti M., Giannecchini R., D'Amato Avanzi G., 2018, Integrating sediment connectivity into the assessment of landslides susceptibility for road network,
Terraenvision 2018, Barcellona (Spain), 27/01/2018-02/02/208,
Abstract
Landslides provoke significant direct and indirect economic losses to infrastructures, in particular along
road networks. Thus, ...
Landslides provoke significant direct and indirect economic losses to infrastructures, in particular along
road networks. Thus, it is fundamental identifying the route sectors that could be affected by
landslides, in order to reduce the risk level for the population and the economic cost of road damaging.
Moreover, several researches conducted in different contexts stressed that the exposure of road
networks to slope instabilities could increase because of ongoing climate change and as a consequence
of growing economy in several countries.
For these reasons, the present work aims to develop and test a data-driven model, based on Genetic
Algorithm Method (GAM), for the identification of the sectors road network sectors that are
susceptible to be affected by landslides triggered upstream the infrastructure. This work quantifies,
also, the impact of sediment connectivity on the susceptibility evaluation in the case studies. The study
area corresponds to the north-eastern area of Oltrepò Pavese (northern Italy), a zone very prone to
shallow landslides causing severe damages to the road networks.
This work shows that the effectiveness of the model in the identification of the most susceptible routes
increases including sediment connectivity in the predisposing factors. This parameter, indeed,
characterizes runout and the travel distance of a slope instability, improving the ability in identifying
the road sectors hit by landslides. The modeled susceptible roads are, then, mapped correctly by the
methodology, furnishing an important tool for land use planning and for implementing tools able to
reduce the risk for the infrastructures.
Data from https://intranet.cnr.it/people/
