Veronica Zumpano, Francesca Ardizzone, Alessia Basso, Francesco Bucci, Mauro Cardinali, Federica Fiorucci, Mario Parise, Luca Pisano, Paola Reichenbach, Michele Santangelo, Janusz Wasowski, Piernicola Lollino, 2020, Analisi spazio temporale della franosità nel Sub- Appennino Dauno. L’esempio di Motta Montecorvino,
Geologia dell'ambiente 1/2020 (2020): 181–185.,
Abstract
Il lavoro descrive le carte inventario delle frane, di tipo geomorfologico e multi-temporale, preparate per ...
Il lavoro descrive le carte inventario delle frane, di tipo geomorfologico e multi-temporale, preparate per una parte del territorio comunale di Motta Montecorvino, che ricade nel settore collinare e montuoso del Sub-Appennino Dauno (Provincia di Foggia, Puglia). Il lavoro è realizzato nell'ambito del progetto "Valutazione integrata dei fenomeni di instabilità geo-idrologica in Puglia, modelli interpretativi e definizione delle soglie di pioggia per l'innesco di frane" ed ha lo scopo di produrre una carta inventario delle frane di tipo geomorfologico per tutto il territorio Dauno e carte inventario di tipo multi-temporali per dieci centri abitati. La mappatura delle frane è realizzata attraverso l'interpretazione di più serie di fotografie aeree stereoscopiche in bianco e nero a diverse scale, per il periodo dal 1954 al 2003. La carta inventario geomorfologica di Motta Montecorvino, evidenzia un'elevata presenza di frane con dimensioni che vanno da centinaia di metri quadrati a qualche decina di ettari, mentre la carta inventario multi-temporale mostra un elevato numero di frane recenti di piccole-medie dimensioni, all'interno o in prossimità dei corpi di frane preesistenti e di maggiori dimensioni.
R. Sarro(1), R. M. Mateos(1), P. Reichenbach(2), H. Aguilera(3), A. Riquelme(4), L. E. Hernández-Gutiérrez(5), A. Martín(1), A. Barra(6), L. Solari(6), O. Monserrat(6), M. Alvioli(2), José A. Fernández-Merodo(1), J. López-Vinielles(1, 7), G.Herrera(1), 2020, Geotechnics for rockfall assessment in the volcanic island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain),
2020,
Abstract
The island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) is characterized by a large variability of ...
The island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) is characterized by a large variability of volcanic rocks, reflecting its volcanic evolution resulting from the built-up process of an intraplate oceanic island. The geological map provided by Geological Survey of Spain at 1_25.000 scale shows more than 109 different lithologies and it is too complex for environmental and engineering purposes. This work presents a simplified geotechnical map with a small number of classes grouping up units with similar geotechnical behaviours. The original lithologies were grouped using about 350 representative rock samples, collected in the seven major islands of the Archipelago. The samples were characterized by laboratory tests and in situ analysis. The geotechnical map was used to model and evaluate rockfall hazard in the entire island of Gran Canaria, where rockfalls are an important threat with a high social, economic impact. The rockfall map was validated with 128 rockfall events, occurred during the period 2010-2016, along the GC-200 road (34 Km), located in the NW sector of Gran Canaria. About 96% of the events occurred along sections of the road where the number of expected trajectories is high or moderate.
R. Sarro(1), R. M. Mateos(1), P. Reichenbach(2), H. Aguilera(3), A. Riquelme(4), L. E. Hernández-Gutiérrez(5), A. Martín(1), A. Barra(6), L. Solari(6), O. Monserrat(6), M. Alvioli(2), José A. Fernández-Merodo(1), J. López-Vinielles(1,7), G.Herrera(1), 2020, Geotechnics for rockfall assessment in the volcanic island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain),
Journal of maps (2020). doi_10.1080/17445647.2020.1806125,
DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2020.1806125
Abstract
The island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) is characterized by a large variability of ...
The island of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain) is characterized by a large variability of volcanic rocks, reflecting its volcanic evolution resulting from the built-up process of an intraplate oceanic island. The geological map provided by Geological Survey of Spain at 1_25.000 scale shows more than 109 different lithologies and it is too complex for environmental and engineering purposes. This work presents a simplified geotechnical map with a small number of classes grouping up units with similar geotechnical behaviours. The original lithologies were grouped using about 350 representative rock samples, collected in the seven major islands of the Archipelago. The samples were characterized by laboratory tests and in situ analysis. The geotechnical map was used to model and evaluate rockfall hazard in the entire island of Gran Canaria, where rockfalls are an important threat with a high social, economic impact. The rockfall map was validated with 128 rockfall events, occurred during the period 2010-2016, along the GC-200 road (34 Km), located in the NW sector of Gran Canaria. About 96% of the events occurred along sections of the road where the number of expected trajectories is high or moderate.
Luca Schenato, Gianluca Marcato, 2020, Rapporto tecnico sulla tecnologia di interrogazione individuata motivata da un’analisi degli aspetti positivi e negativi delle diverse tecnologie disponibili,
D1.1, 2020,
Abstract
Rapporto tecnico sulla tecnologia di interrogazione di ancoraggi compositi individuata motivata da un'analisi degli aspetti ...
Rapporto tecnico sulla tecnologia di interrogazione di ancoraggi compositi individuata motivata da un'analisi degli aspetti positivi e negativi delle diverse tecnologie disponibili
Franz, T., Wahbi, A., Zhang, J., Vreugdenhil, M., Heng, L., Dercon, G., Strauss, P., Brocca, L., Wagner, W., 2020, Practical Data Products From Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensing for Hydrological Applications,
Frontiers (Los Angel. Calif.) (2020): 2–9. doi_10.3389/frwa.2020.00009,
DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2020.00009
Abstract
The Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensor (CRNS) technique for estimating landscape average soil water content (SWC) is ...
The Cosmic-Ray Neutron Sensor (CRNS) technique for estimating landscape average soil water content (SWC) is now a decade old and includes many practical methods for implementing measurements, such as identification of detection area and depth and determining crop biomass water equivalent. However, in order to maximize the societal relevance of CRNS SWC data, practical value-added products need to be developed that can estimate both water flux (i.e., rainfall, deep percolation, evapotranspiration) and root zone SWC changes. In particular, simple methods that can be used to estimate daily values at landscape average scales are needed by decision makers and stakeholders interested in utilizing this technique. Moreover, landscape average values are necessary for better comparisons with remote sensing products. In this work we utilize three well-established algorithms to enhance the usability of the CRNS data. The algorithms aim to_ (1) temporally smooth the neutron intensity and SWC time series, (2) estimate a daily rainfall product using the Soil Moisture 2 Rain (SM2RAIN) algorithm, and (3) estimate daily root zone SWC using an exponential filter algorithm. The algorithms are tested on the CRNS site at the Hydrological Open Air Laboratory experiment in Petzenkirchen, Austria over a 3 years period. Independent observations of rainfall and point SWC data are used to calibrate the algorithms. With respect to the neutron filter, we found the Savitzky-Golay (SG) had the best results in preserving the amplitude and timing of the SWC response to rainfall as compared to the Moving Average (MA), which shifted the SWC peak by 2-4 h. With respect to daily rainfall using the SM2RAIN algorithm, we found the MA and SG filters had similar results for a range of temporal windows (3-13 h) with cumulative errors of <9% against the observations. With respect to daily root zone SWC, we found all filters behaved well (Kling-Gupta-Efficiency criteria > 0.9). A methodological framework is presented that summarizes the different processes, required data, algorithms, and products.
Ciabatta, Luca; Camici, Stefania; Massari, Christian; Filippucci, Paolo; Hahn, Sebastian; Wagner, Wolfgang; Brocca, Luca, 2020, Soil moisture and precipitation_ The SM2RAIN algorithm for rainfall retrieval from satellite soil moisture,
, pp. 1013–1027, 2020,
Abstract
The standard approach for measuring instantaneous rainfall rates from
space is based on the inversion of ...
The standard approach for measuring instantaneous rainfall rates from
space is based on the inversion of the atmospheric signals reflected or radiated by
atmospheric hydrometeors, i.e., a "top-down" approach. Recently, a new "bottomup"
approach has been proposed that exploits satellite soil moisture observations for
obtaining accumulated rainfall estimates. The approach, referred to as SM2RAIN, is
based on the inversion of the hydrological water balance. In this chapter, after a short
description of the SM2RAIN algorithm and its application to satellite soil moisture
data, the two most recent satellite rainfall products obtained by the application of
SM2RAIN to ESA-CCI (European Space Agency - Climate Change Initiative) and
ASCAT (Advanced SCATterometer) soil moisture products are illustrated. Then, we
have investigated the use of SM2RAIN-derived rainfall products, in comparison
with "top-down" precipitation products, for improving flood forecasting over
600 basins in Europe. Finally, the limitations of the SM2RAIN algorithm and the
future research and technological developments to address such limitations are
provided.
Morbidelli R.; Garcia-Marin A.P.; Mamun A.A.; Atiqur R.M.; Ayuso-Munoz J.L.; Taouti M.B.; Baranowski P.; Bellocchi G.; Sanguesa-Pool C.; Bennett B.; Oyunmunkh B.; Bonaccorso B.; Brocca L.; Caloiero T.; Caporali E.; Caracciolo D.; Casas-Castillo M.C.; G.Catalini C.; Chettih M.; Kamal Chowdhury A.F.M.; Chowdhury R.; Corradini C.; Custo J.; Dari J.; Diodato N.; Doesken N.; Dumitrescu A.; Estevez J.; Flammini A.; Fowler H.J.; Freni G.; Fusto F.; Garcia-Barron L.; Manea A.; Goenster-Jordan S.; Hinson S.; Kanecka-Geszke E.; Kar K.K.; Kasperska-Wolowicz W.; Krabbi M.; Krzyszczak J.; Llabres-Brustenga A.; Ledesma J.L.J.; Liu T.; Lompi M.; Marsico L.; Mascaro G.; Moramarco T.; Newman N.; Orzan A.; Pampaloni M.; Pizarro-Tapia R.; Puentes Torres A.; Rashid M.M.; Rodriguez-Sola R.; Manzor M.S.; Siwek K.; Sousa A.; Timbadiya P.V.; Filippos T.; Vilcea M.G.; Viterbo F.; Yoo C.; Zeri M.; Zittis G.; Saltalippi C., 2020, The history of rainfall data time-resolution in a wide variety of geographical areas,
Journal of hydrology (Amst.) 590 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125258,
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125258
Abstract
Collected rainfall records by gauges lead to key forcings in most hydrological studies. Depending on ...
Collected rainfall records by gauges lead to key forcings in most hydrological studies. Depending on sensor type and recording systems, such data are characterized by different time-resolutions (or temporal aggregations), t. We present an historical analysis of the time-evolution of t based on a large database of rain gauge networks operative in many study areas. Globally, t data were collected for 25,423 rain gauge stations across 32 geographic areas, with larger contributions from Australia, USA, Italy and Spain. For very old networks early recordings were manual with coarse time-resolution, typically daily or sometimes monthly. With a few exceptions, mechanical recordings on paper rolls began in the first half of the 20th century, typically with t of 1 h or 30 min. Digital registrations started only during the last three decades of the 20th century. This short period limits investigations that require long time-series of sub-daily rainfall data, e.g, analyses of the effects of climate change on short-duration (sub-hourly) heavy rainfall. In addition, in the areas with rainfall data characterized for many years by coarse time-resolutions, annual maximum rainfall depths of short duration can be potentially underestimated and their use would produce errors in the results of successive applications. Currently, only 50% of the stations provide useful data at any time-resolution, that practically means t = 1 min. However, a significant reduction of these issues can be obtained through the information content of the present database. Finally, we suggest an integration of the database by including additional rain gauge networks to enhance its usefulness particularly in a comparative analysis of the effects of climate change on extreme rainfalls of short duration available in different locations.
Caloiero T.; Coscarelli R., 2020, Analysis of the characteristics of dry and wet spells in a Mediterranean region,
Environmental processes (Print) 7 (2020): 691–701. doi_10.1007/s40710-020-00454-3,
DOI: 10.1007/s40710-020-00454-3
Abstract
Climate change could increase the risk of future hydrological extremes over large regional areas and ...
Climate change could increase the risk of future hydrological extremes over large regional areas and trigger further pressure on water resource availability. In this study, the overall characteristics of dry and wet spells during a 56-year period (1951-2006) were analysed in the Calabria region (southern Italy), considering both yearly and seasonal scales. In particular, the mean and maximum lengths of dry/wet spells, the number of dry and wet spells with different lengths, and the contribution of dry/wet spells with different lengths to the total number of dry/wet days have been investigated. The results showed similar behaviour of both dry and wet spells in the spatial distribution of the mean lengths, with a difference between the two opposite sides (Ionian and Tyrrhenian) of the region. In fact, mean values ranging between 6 and 8 days, and higher than 8 days have been detected on the Tyrrhenian and on the Ionian side, respectively. The results regarding the maximum values of the lengths show much higher values of dry spells than the wet ones, and different temporal distributions throughout the year. In particular, with respect to dry spells, in autumn the maximum lengths reached values higher than 200 days, while the longest wet spells have been identified in winter, with a maximum value of 44 consecutive days with rain. The outcomes of this study can be useful for both water resources (with respect to the dry sequences) and risk reduction (regarding the wet spells) management.
Massimiliano Alvioli, 2020, Administrative boundaries and urban areas in Italy_ a perspective from scaling laws,
Landscape and urban planning 204 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103906,
DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103906
Abstract
Delineating boundaries of urban areas is no easy task, due to the inherent complexity of ...
Delineating boundaries of urban areas is no easy task, due to the inherent complexity of the problem, heterogeneity of relevant data and little consensus on how to properly measure the results. Any such delineation must eventually be cast onto administrative boundaries, an essential requirement for real-world applications. In the effort of relating administrative and alternative boundaries, we investigated in Italy the validity of general scaling laws, such as the area-population relation, and proposed a practical application. Relying on open data for population, settlements and road networks, we showed the extent to which scaling relations hold for different boundaries for urban areas, and how they compare to each other. We considered, beside Italian municipalities, urban areas based on the idea of "natural cities", obtained using head/tail breaks of areas related to human mobility as an explicit indicator of existence of a city. Area-population data for administrative boundaries can be reconciled with scaling relations valid for both the world's cities data and with those obtained from natural cities, provided an effective area is adopted in place of polygon planimetric area of municipalities. We eventually proposed an aggregation of administrative units using the empirical scaling relation as an objective function for accepting or rejecting pairwise fusion of boundaries. We suggest considering such a method, along with expert considerations, as an additional tool for real-world urban planning as seen from the very general perspective of seemingly abstract scaling laws.
Caloiero, T.; Caroletti, G. N.; Coscarelli, R., 2020, TRMM-based rainfall temporal analysis over Italy,
SN Applied Sciences 2 (2020). doi_10.1007/s42452-020-3075-7,
DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-3075-7
Abstract
Rainfall is an irregular phenomenon showing large spatial variability. Unfortunately, spatially distributed data are not ...
Rainfall is an irregular phenomenon showing large spatial variability. Unfortunately, spatially distributed data are not always available, because rain gauge networks are not continuously dense and adequately distributed, and they provide only point measurements. In this work, the temporal variability of rainfall in Italy has been investigated using the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission monthly product for the period 1998-2018. Within this aim, more than 650 grid points falling within the Italian territory have been selected. In order to evaluate the presence of trends and their significance, the monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall series were analysed at each grid point with the Mann-Kendall nonparametric test and the Theil-Sen estimator. The broad extension of the area under investigation allowed a better understanding of rainfall trend patterns over space. At annual scale, results evidenced few relevant trends, either positive or negative, involving central Italy (negative trend) and southern Italy (positive trend). A similar trend behaviour has been identified, at seasonal scale, in autumn, with a clear spatial difference between the north and the south of Italy, in winter for the negative trend and in spring for the positive one. In summer, only few grid points in central Italy showed a significant increasing trend.
Limoni Pier Paolo, Polemio Maurizio, Zuffianò Livia Emanuela, 2020, ATTIVITÀ DI MONITORAGGIO IDROGEOLOGICO PERIODICO DELLE ACQUE SOTTERRANEE IN CONTRADA MARTUCCI, COMUNE DI CONVERSANO (BARI) IV Rapporto di Progresso,
2020,
Abstract
La società "Progetto Gestione Bacino Bari Cinque s.r.l." ha affidato all'Istituto di Ricerca per la ...
La società "Progetto Gestione Bacino Bari Cinque s.r.l." ha affidato all'Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica del CNR (CNR-IRPI) - Sede Secondaria di Bari, le "Attività di monitoraggio idrogeologico periodico delle acque sotterranee in Contrada Martucci, Comune di Conversano (Bari)", per l'impianto per il trattamento e lo smaltimento di rifiuti solidi urbani posto nella suddetta contrada. Il presente Rapporto di Progresso descrive le attività svolte in sito, sia ai fini del campionamento delle acque sotterranee che delle misure piezometriche, attività intercorse nel quinto e sesto trimestre di riferimento, e raccoglie le misure e le determinazioni acquisite in sito dei parametri chimico-fisici non stabili nonché delle misure piezometriche.
Luca Schenato; Andrea Galtarossa; Alessandro Pasuto; Luca Palmieri, 2020, Distributed optical fiber pressure sensors,
Optical fiber technology (Online) 58 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102239,
DOI: 10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102239
Abstract
The measurement of pressure by using distributed optical fiber sensors has represented a challenge for ...
The measurement of pressure by using distributed optical fiber sensors has represented a challenge for many years. While single-point optical fiber pressure sensors have reached a solid level of technology maturity, showing to be very good candidates in replacing conventional electrical sensors due to their numerous advantages, distributed sensors are still a matter of an intense research activity aimed at determining the most proper and robust pressure-sensitivity enhancement mechanism. This paper reviews early and recent works on distributed pressure sensors, classifying the sensors according to the sensing mechanism. For each type of mechanism, the issues and potentials are analyzed and discussed.
Luca Schenato, Gianluca Marcato, 2020, Rapporto tecnico sulla metodologia di integrazione,
D1.3, 2020,
Abstract
Rapporto tecnico sulla metodologia di integrazione di cavi in fibra ottica per il monitoraggio strutturale ...
Rapporto tecnico sulla metodologia di integrazione di cavi in fibra ottica per il monitoraggio strutturale di ancoraggi compositi
Guoqiang Jia 1, Massimiliano Alvioli 2, Stefano Gariano 2, Fausto Guzzetti 2, Qiuhong Tang 1, and Ivan Marchesini 2, 2020, A Global Landslide Non-Susceptibility Map_ variation and applicability,
EGU2020 European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2020, online, 4-8/05/2020,
Abstract
Areas non susceptible to landslides are regions where landslides are not expected, or where susceptibility ...
Areas non susceptible to landslides are regions where landslides are not expected, or where susceptibility is negligible. Thus they can provide new insights into landslide hazard assessment and land use management and can be targeted as areas for urban planning and dwelling. Non-susceptible landslide areas can be determined with substantially less information as compared with landslide susceptibility. Previous works in Italy and the Mediterranean region and in the USA showed that only morphometric information is needed to distinguish non-susceptible landslide areas. We used 90-m digital terrain data (SRTM DEM V4.1) to calculate global slope and relief maps, and applied globally the quantile non-linear (QNL) model previously obtained in Italy. We define the output map a global landslide non-susceptibility map (GLNSM). The QNL model is a relationship between terrain relief and slope based on an Italian landslide inventory dataset with high completeness and accuracy. Results indicate that 82.89% of the landmasses are non-susceptible areas across the globe, which is more than the percentage of non-mountainous areas (73.6% based on GEO-GNOME). We further considered GLNSM in relation to global climate, elevation, geology, land use, precipitation and seismicity classifications. High percentage (more than 85.0%) of non-susceptible areas are detected in the tropical and arid, flat (low than 500 m), sedimentary, artificial and high vegetated, less rainy (less than 400 mm per year) and seismicity inactive (less than 0.4) regions. Our results of GLNSM was also validated with some well-represented regional landslide inventory datasets, for which we used four national (Austria, China, Ireland and USA) datasets and nine regional (Arizona, Missouri, Oregon, Utah and Washington in USA, Guangdong and Yunnan in China, and Koshi river region in Nepal) datasets. Applicability of GLNSM reveals that 0.7% of non-susceptible areas are covered by artificial structures, about three times of that in susceptible areas (i.e., not non-susceptible areas), while population density of non-susceptible areas are about twice of that in susceptible areas. About 90.5% of population resides in the non-susceptible areas.
Michele Calvello 1, Graziella Devoli 2, Katy Freeborough 3, Stefano Luigi Gariano 4, Fausto Guzzetti 5, Helen J. Reeves 3, Manfred Stähli 6, and the LEWS2020 workshop participants, 2020, LEWS2020 workshop on regional Landslide Early Warning Systems – experiences, progresses and needs,
EGU2020 European Geoscienes Union General Assembly 2020, online, 4-8/05/2020,
Abstract
In January 2020, the Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica of the Italian National ...
In January 2020, the Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica of the Italian National Research Council, the British Geological Survey, the Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate, the Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research, and the University of Salerno - Italy have organised a 3-day workshop on regional Landslide Early Warning Systems (LEWS). The workshop, held in Perugia, Italy, follows a previous meeting held in Oslo, Norway, in October 2016. The main aims of the initiative are_ to collect experiences from worldwide invited experts involved in the design, the development, the operation or the analysis of LEWS, and to exchange knowledge, experiences, challenges and best practices.
The first day of the workshop is dedicated to presentations from identified participants on specific topics relevant for the optimal design, implementation, and operation of global, national and regional LEWS. This is followed by a long discussion session, aimed at addressing many of the issues that are relevant for regional LEWS, including system performance, warning communication and involvement of the stakeholders. The second day is organized around four round tables on the following four topics_ (i) data; (ii) landslide forecast models; (iii) warning models; (iv) scope, management structure, stakeholder involvement, and communication. The third day is focused on summarizing and formalizing the main issues discussed in an open document to be later shared with colleagues interested in LEWS.
The final purpose of the workshop is to establish and consolidate a community of experts in LEWS and to build relationships with other communities (e.g., meteorologists, climate scientists, communications scientists). This will help to level up the quality of both theory and practice, and to define standards in early warnings in order to provide timely advisories and to initiate emergency responses to landslides (particularly rainfall-induced) avoiding or reducing life and economic losses. The main outcomes of the workshop, the most debated issues, and the key recommendations included in the open document will be presented and shared.
Caloiero T.; Coscarelli R.; Ferrari E., 2020, Assessment of seasonal and annual rainfall trend in Calabria (southern Italy) with the ITA method,
Journal of hydroinformatics (Print) 22 (2020): 738–748. doi_10.2166/hydro.2019.138,
DOI: 10.2166/hydro.2019.138
Abstract
In this paper, an investigation on the temporal variability of seasonal and annual rainfall in ...
In this paper, an investigation on the temporal variability of seasonal and annual rainfall in the Calabria region (southern Italy) has been carried out using a homogeneous and gap-filled monthly rainfall dataset of 129 rain gauges in the period 1951-2006. In particular, possible trends have been assessed by means of the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) technique, which allows to identify trend in the low, medium and high values of a series. Moreover, the results obtained with the ITA have been compared with the ones obtained with the Mann-Kendall test. These analyses have been performed in five Rainfall Zones (RZs) of the study area, characterised by different climatic conditions. As a result, both the methods evidenced a negative trend of the annual rainfall in the entire study area. At seasonal scale, this negative tendency has been confirmed in autumn and winter even though with some differences among the several RZs.
Sirangelo B.; Caloiero T.; Coscarelli R.; Ferrari E.; Fusto F., 2020, Combining stochastic models of air temperature and vapour pressure for the analysis of the bioclimatic comfort through the Humidex,
Scientific reports (Nature Publishing Group) 10 (2020). doi_10.1038/s41598-020-68297-4,
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68297-4
Abstract
Several studies evidenced the importance of the knowledge of the bioclimatic comfort for improving people's ...
Several studies evidenced the importance of the knowledge of the bioclimatic comfort for improving people's quality of life. Temperature and relative humidity are the main variables related to climatic comfort/discomfort, influencing the environmental stress in the human body. In this study, a stochastic approach is proposed for characterizing the bioclimatic conditions through the Humidex values in six sites of Calabria (southern Italy), a region often hit by heat waves in summer months. The stochastic approach is essential, because the available time series of temperature and relative humidity are not long enough and present several missing values. The model allowed the characterization of sequences of extreme values of the Humidex. Results showed different behaviours between inner and coastal stations. For example, a sequence of 20 consecutive days with maximum daily Humidex values greater than 35 has a return period ranging from 10 to 20 years for the inner stations, while it exceeds 100 years for the coastal ones. The maximum yearly Humidex values for the inner stations have a larger range (40-50) than the coastal ones (38-45), reaching higher occurrence probabilities of serious danger conditions. Besides, the different influence of temperature and relative humidity on the Humidex behaviour has been evidenced.
Luca Schenato, Gianluca Marcato, 2020, Rapporto tecnico sulle caratteristiche del cavo da integrare nel rinforzo passivo, alla luce dei dati di letteratura ed esperienze precedenti e delle specifiche del sistema di interrogazione,
D1.2, 2020,
Abstract
Rapporto tecnico sulle caratteristiche del cavo in fibra ottica per il sensing dello strain da ...
Rapporto tecnico sulle caratteristiche del cavo in fibra ottica per il sensing dello strain da integrare nell'ancoraggio geotecnico, alla luce dei dati di letteratura ed esperienze precedenti e delle specifiche del sistema di interrogazione
Stefano Luigi Gariano, Samuele Segoni, Luca Piciullo, 2020, Advances in Rainfall Thresholds for Landslide Triggering in Italy,
Applied Geology. Approaches to Future Resource Management, edited by Marina De Maio, Ashwani Kumar Tiwari, pp. 247–263. Basel_ Springer Nature Switzerland, 2020,
Abstract
We reviewed the Italian scientific literature published in the period 2008-2018 on the topic of ...
We reviewed the Italian scientific literature published in the period 2008-2018 on the topic of rainfall thresholds for the landslide triggering, with the aim of analyzing the most significant advances and the main open issues. In the international literature, Italy occupies a relevant position from both a quantitative and a qualitative viewpoint_ 65 out of the 163 thresholds published worldwide in the considered period are defined in Italy. The main improvements can be ascribed to rigorous cataloguing of landslides; definition of standard and objective methods for thresholds analysis; quantitative validation of the results and evaluation of the performance of related warning systems; attempts to improve the spatial resolution of the forecasts. However, some shortcomings still limit the research on landslide rainfall thresholds and some open issues recently emerged as priorities to be further investigated_ the effects of climatic and environmental changes on the thresholds; their implementation into hazard management procedures and early warning systems; the adoption of combined approaches to account for the hydrological conditions of the slopes; the quantification of diverse uncertainties. This review disseminates the best practices among scientists and stakeholders involved in landslide hazard management, and it draws a national framework of procedures for defining reliable rainfall thresholds, in particular for early warning purposes.
Arziliero L., Bettella M., Cavalli M., Tornielli V., 2020, L’applicazione di analisi morfometriche speditive sulle colate rapide della Val Lapisina (Treviso),
Analisi e attività di mitigazione dei processi geo-idrologici in Italia, pp. 97–104, Roma, 29/11/2019,
Abstract
Il presente contributo intende esporre un caso studio per la definizione di aree a maggior ...
Il presente contributo intende esporre un caso studio per la definizione di aree a maggior probabilità di coinvolgimento da parte di fenomeni di colata rapida lungo il versante detritico posto in sinistra idrografica della Val Lapisina in comune di Vittorio Veneto (TV). Vengono presi in considerazione gli effetti delle colate avvenute nel recente passato e oggetto di segnalazione agli enti competenti nonché le caratteristiche delle stesse osservate durante i sopralluoghi. A questo riguardo è corretto informare che i dati storici disponibili sono in realtà limitati in quanto essi non contemplano la totalità dei fenomeni accaduti nel corso degli anni ma solamente la frazione di questi che ha in qualche maniera coinvolto bersagli significativi, in questo caso rappresentati dalle infrastrutture viarie (SS n. 51 di Alemagna, linea ferroviaria VE-BL, parte basale dell'Autostrada A27), con conseguente attenzione per la pubblica incolumità da parte degli enti pubblici e dei gestori delle stesse. L'analisi per una gestione delle priorità d'intervento che viene esposta, si basa sull'integrazione dei metodi classici con un innovativo approccio metodologico speditivo di tipo geomorfometrico. Il metodo applicato consente di individuare, con pochi dati e una definizione adatta allo scopo, le aree del versante in cui è più probabile l'innesco di colate detritiche, fenomeni che si manifestano
specificatamente in occasione di precipitazioni piovose abbondanti e concentrate in aree relativamente confinate.
Gruber, A.; De Lannoy, G.; Albergel, C.; Al-Yaari, A.; Brocca, L.; Calvet, J. C.; Colliander, A.; Cosh, M.; Crow, W.; Dorigo, W.; Draper, C.; Hirschi, M.; Kerr, Y.; Konings, A.; Lahoz, W.; McColl, K.; Montzka, C.; Muñoz-Sabater, J.; Peng, J.; Reichle, R.; Richaume, P.; Rüdiger, C.; Scanlon, T.; van der Schalie, R.; Wigneron, J. P.; Wagner, W., 2020, Validation practices for satellite soil moisture retrievals_ What are (the) errors?,
Remote sensing of environment 244 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.rse.2020.111806,
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2020.111806
Abstract
This paper presents a community effort to develop good practice guidelines for the validation of ...
This paper presents a community effort to develop good practice guidelines for the validation of global coarse-scale satellite soil moisture products. We provide theoretical background, a review of state-of-the-art methodologies for estimating errors in soil moisture data sets, practical recommendations on data pre-processing and presentation of statistical results, and a recommended validation protocol that is supplemented with an example validation exercise focused on microwave-based surface soil moisture products. We conclude by identifying research gaps that should be addressed in the near future.
Massari, Christian; Brocca, Luca; Pellarin, Thierry; Abramowitz, Gab; Filippucci, Paolo; Ciabatta, Luca; Maggioni, Viviana; Kerr, Yann; Prieto, Diego Fernandez, 2020, A daily 25km short-latency rainfall product for data-scarce regions based on the integration of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission rainfall and multiple-satellite soil moisture products,
Hydrology and earth system sciences 24 (2020): 2687–2710. doi_10.5194/hess-24-2687-2020,
DOI: 10.5194/hess-24-2687-2020
Abstract
Rain gauges are unevenly spaced around the world with extremely low gauge density over developing ...
Rain gauges are unevenly spaced around the world with extremely low gauge density over developing countries. For instance, in some regions in Africa the gauge density is often less than one station per 10 000 km(2). The availability of rainfall data provided by gauges is also not always guaranteed in near real time or with a timeliness suited for agricultural and water resource management applications, as gauges are also subject to malfunctions and regulations imposed by national authorities. A potential alternative is satellite-based rainfall estimates, yet comparisons with in situ data suggest they are often not optimal.
Marco Cavalli, Stefano Crema, Lorenzo Marchi, Carlo Gregoretti, Velio Coviello, Andreas Schimmel, Francesco Comiti, Alessandro Pasuto, 2020, Relazione Tecnica (revisione 01) – Accordo di collaborazione tecnico-scientifica ex art. 15 della l.241,
2020,
Abstract
Il presente rapporto presenta le attività della dell'Accordo di collaborazione tecnico-scientifica (nel seguito_ Accordo) tra ...
Il presente rapporto presenta le attività della dell'Accordo di collaborazione tecnico-scientifica (nel seguito_ Accordo) tra l'Agenzia Regionale per la Prevenzione e Protezione Ambientale del Veneto (ARPAV), il Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (CNR IRPI), l'Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento TESAF (UNIPD) e la Libera Università di Bolzano (UNIBZ) nell'ambito della definizione delle soglie di preallarme e allarme e delle logiche di funzionamento del Sistema di monitoraggio e allarme di Cancia.
Sulla base di quanto previsto dall'Art. 1 dell'Accordo, il presente documento descrive le attività condotte e presenta i risultati ottenuti relativamente a_
I. Definizione di soglie pluviometriche di preallarme;
II. Definizione di soglie di allarme legate ai sensori di livello;
III. Definizione di soglie di allarme legate ai geofoni;
IV. Definizione di logiche di funzionamento del Sistema e periodo di attivazione;
V. Valutazione e implementazione del criterio volumetrico.
Come previsto nell'Art. 2 dell'Accordo, il CNR IRPI ha svolto il ruolo di coordinatore delle attività tecniche effettuate in collaborazione con UNIPD e UNIBZ e ha analizzato i dati pregressi raccolti dal Sistema di allerta e monitoraggio di Cancia, nonché i dati idrologici storici ARPAV della zona per la definizione delle soglie pluviometriche di preallarme del Sistema.
UNIPD ha analizzato i dati pregressi raccolti dal Sistema relativi ai sensori di livello ed ai cavi a strappo per la definizione delle soglie di allarme legate ai sensori di livello.
Le analisi condotte da UNIBZ hanno riguardato i dati sismici raccolti del Sistema per la definizione soglie di allarme legate ai segnali forniti dai geofoni e l'implementazione di un criterio volumetrico per la definizione delle logiche di funzionamento del Sistema tale da discriminare, attraverso i sensori a disposizione, le colate di magnitudo ridotta, destinate a fermarsi nella parte alta del bacino, da quelle in grado di raggiungere le due piazze di deposito di Cancia.
CNR IRPI, UNIPD e UNIBZ hanno lavorato congiuntamente, ed in stretta collaborazione con ARPAV, alla definizione di logiche di funzionamento del sistema basate su differenti scenari, periodo di attivazione e alternative di gestione in caso di malfunzionamento di uno o più sensori.
Cucchiaro S.; Maset E.; Cavalli M.; Crema S.; Marchi L.; Beinat A.; Cazorzi F., 2020, How does co-registration affect geomorphic change estimates in multi-temporal surveys?,
GIScience and remote sensing 57 (2020): 611–632. doi_10.1080/15481603.2020.1763048,
DOI: 10.1080/15481603.2020.1763048
Abstract
High-Resolution Topography (HRT) data sets are becoming increasingly available, improving our ability and opportunities to ...
High-Resolution Topography (HRT) data sets are becoming increasingly available, improving our ability and opportunities to monitor geomorphic changes through multi-temporal Digital Terrain Models (DTMs). The use of repeated topographic surveys enables inferring the sediment dynamics of hazardous geomorphic processes such as floods, debris flows, and landslides, and allows us to derive important information on the risks often associated with these processes. The topographic surveying platforms, georeferencing systems, and processing tools have seen important developments in the last two decades, in particular Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) technology used in Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) and Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS). Moreover, HRT data, produced through these techniques, changed a lot in terms of point cloud density, accuracy and precision over time. Therefore, old "legacy" data sets and recent surveys can often show comparison problems, especially when multi-temporal data are not homogeneous in terms of quality and uncertainties. In this context, data co-registration should be used to guarantee the coherence among multi-temporal surveys, minimizing, on stable areas, the distance between corresponding points acquired at different epochs. Although several studies highlight that this process is fundamental to properly compare multi-temporal DTMs, it is often not addressed in LiDAR post-processing workflows. In this paper we focus on the alignment of multi-temporal surveys in a topographically complex and rugged environment as the Moscardo debris-flow catchment (Eastern Italian Alps), testing various co-registration methods to align multi-temporal ALS point clouds (i.e. years 2003, 2009 and 2013) and the derived DTMs. In particular, we tested the pairwise registration with manual correspondences, the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm and a mathematical model that allows aligning simultaneously a generic number of point clouds, the so-called Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA), also in its GPA-ICP variant. Then, to correct the possible small inaccuracies generated from the gridding interpolation process, a custom-developed DTM co-registration tool (GRD-CoReg) was used to align gridded data. Both alignment phases (i.e. at point cloud and DTM level) proved to be fundamental and allowed us to obtain proper and reliable DTMs of Difference (DoDs), useful to quantify the debris mobilized and to detect the spatial and temporal patterns of catchment-scale erosion and deposition. The consistency of DoDs data was verified through the comparison between the erosion estimate of DoDs and the volumes of debris-flow events measured by the monitoring station close to the Moscardo torrent catchment outlet. The GPA-ICP algorithm followed by the GRD-CoReg tool proved to be the most effective solution for improving DoDs results with a decrease of systematic trend due to vertical and horizontal uncertainties between surveys, especially at steep slopes. The net volume difference (i.e. the sediment output from the catchment) of the 2003-2013 period changed from 3,237,896 m to 135,902 m in DoDs obtained from not co-registered and co-registered DTMs. The volume of debris flows measured at the catchment outlet during the same time interval amounts to 169,660 m. The comparison with debris-flow volume measures at the monitoring station shows, therefore, that the DTMs obtained from the co-registration processes generate more reliable DoDs than those obtained from the raw DTMs (without the alignment).
G. Margaritelli1,2 , I. Cacho2, A. Català2, M. Barra3, L. G. Bellucci4, C. Lubritto5, R. Rettori6 &
F. Lirer3, 2020, Persistent warm Mediterranean surface waters during the Roman period,
Scientific reports (Nature Publishing Group) 10 (2020). doi_10.1038/s41598-020-67281-2,
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67281-2
Abstract
Reconstruction of last millennia Sea Surface Temperature (SST) evolution is challenging due to the
difficulty retrieving ...
Reconstruction of last millennia Sea Surface Temperature (SST) evolution is challenging due to the
difficulty retrieving good resolution marine records and to the several uncertainties in the available
proxy tools. In this regard, the Roman Period (1 CE to 500 CE) was particularly relevant in the sociocultural
development of the Mediterranean region while its climatic characteristics remain uncertain.
Here we present a new SST reconstruction from the Sicily Channel based in Mg/Ca ratios measured
on the planktonic foraminifer Globigerinoides ruber. This new record is framed in the context of other
previously published Mediterranean SST records from the Alboran Sea, Minorca Basin and Aegean
Sea and also compared to a north Hemisphere temperature reconstruction. The most solid image that
emerges of this trans-Mediterranean comparison is the persistent regional occurrence of a distinct
warm phase during the Roman Period. This record comparison consistently shows the Roman as the
warmest period of the last 2 kyr, about 2 °C warmer than average values for the late centuries for the
Sicily and Western Mediterranean regions. After the Roman Period a general cooling trend developed
in the region with several minor oscillations. We hypothesis the potential link between this Roman
Climatic Optimum and the expansion and subsequent decline of the Roman Empire.
Merlone A., Nigrelli G, Sanna F., 2020, Alpine Indicators of Climate Change,
AWE international July 2020 (2020): 22–27.,
Abstract
Miniature temperature data loggers, metrological traceability of measurements, thermal properties of rocks. An open-air laboratory ...
Miniature temperature data loggers, metrological traceability of measurements, thermal properties of rocks. An open-air laboratory to study one of the most important triggering factors of rockfalls in the European Alps_ temperature; permafrost and a metrology lab at 3000m.
De Giorgio Giorgio, Limoni Pie rPaolo, Polemio Maurizio, Zuffianò Livia Emanuela, 2020, Attività di monitoraggio idrogeologico periodico delle acque sotterranee in Contrada Martucci, Comune di Conversano (Bari). Rapporto di sintesi sulle conoscenze in merito al flusso delle acque di falda,
2020,
Abstract
La società "Progetto Gestione Bacino Bari Cinque s.r.l." ha affidato all'Istituto di Ricerca per la ...
La società "Progetto Gestione Bacino Bari Cinque s.r.l." ha affidato all'Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica del CNR (CNR-IRPI) - Sede Secondaria di Bari, le "Attività di monitoraggio idrogeologico periodico delle acque sotterranee in Contrada Martucci, Comune di Conversano ( Bari)", per l'impianto per il trattamento e lo smaltimento di rifiuti solidi urbani posto nella suddetta contrada. Il presente Rapporto di Progresso descrive le conoscenze pregresse, frutto di alcuni anni di attività, in merito alle condizioni di flusso delle acque sotterranee nell'area di studio.
M.Cignetti D.Godone F.Zucca D.Bertolo D.Giordan, 2020, Impact of Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation on urban areas and large infrastructures in the Italian Western Alps,
Science of the total environment 740 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140360,
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140360
Abstract
Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DsGSDs) are huge ground-deformation slow evolving phenomena, highly widespread in alpine ...
Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DsGSDs) are huge ground-deformation slow evolving phenomena, highly widespread in alpine territory. Their long-lasting evolution, with continuous deformation rate, may represents a natural hazard, able to endanger various anthropic structures and infrastructures. Until today, the development of technical and regulatory tools, aimed to effectively manage the interactions between DsGSDs and anthropic elements, has been generally lightly considered in risk management and land use planning. The definition of the type and severity of impacts on the anthropic elements, becomes increasingly important in terms of urban planning and risk management, and deserve an update in the current adopted procedures.
Focusing on the Western Italian Alps, we implemented an interdisciplinary analysis, based on multi-source data, by means of geoinformatics, remote sensing and archive consultation approaches. Intersecting DsGSDs available information with the urbanized territory in a Geographic Information System environment, we obtained, despite the high data heterogeneity, an overall framework of the existing interactions. Specifically, we defined the interactions between these large phenomena and buildings, roads and rail networks, and linear infrastructures, as penstocks, waterworks or dams, also highlighing the state of activity of the inventoried phenomena. Moreover, we analysed the degree of the DsGSD impacts on the anthropic elements, detecting and classifying all the documented damages within the Italian Western Alps territory. The obtained results highlight the need for an innovative approach in DsGSDs risk assessment, both in terms of the definition of their behavior over time and of their impacts on the anthropic elements, for a more effective land use planning and a proper handling of these phenomena in the legislation framework.
Mortara G. (1, 2), Chiarle M. (1, 2), Deline P. (2, 3), 2020, 14 e 19 novembre 1920_ Le grandi valanghe di roccia e ghiaccio della Brenva (Monte Bianco),
2020,
Abstract
Nel pomeriggio del 14 novembre 1920 una consistente massa di roccia e ghiaccio si stacca ...
Nel pomeriggio del 14 novembre 1920 una consistente massa di roccia e ghiaccio si stacca alla base del fianco Sud-Est del Grand Pilier d'Angle, circa 200 m al di sopra della superficie del ripidissimo scivolo ghiacciato che collega il Col de Peuterey, al Ghiacciaio della Brenva (Monte Bianco). Sollevando una densa nuvola di polvere bianca, la frana-valanga avanza velocissima (oltre 100 km/h) e piomba sulla lingua d'ablazione, saltando dall'alto gradino della "Pierre à Moulin". Nell'ultimo tratto della sua corsa, la frana si suddivide in due lobi che tracimano dalle morene laterali del ghiacciaio, a destra verso il Pian del Peuterey, a sinistra verso le Case della Brenva.
N.Colombo ab C.Ferronato cd L. Vittori Antisari d L.Marziali e F.Salerno e S. Fratianni b M. E. D'Amico a A. Ribolini f D. Godone g S. Sartini h L. Paro i U. Morra di Cella j M. Freppaz a, 2020, A rock-glacier – pond system (NW Italian Alps): Soil and sediment properties, geochemistry, and trace-metal bioavailability,
Catena (Cremling.) 194 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.catena.2020.104700,
DOI: 10.1016/j.catena.2020.104700
Abstract
Rock-glacier sediment transfer and ice melting can impact surface waters located downstream. However, there is ...
Rock-glacier sediment transfer and ice melting can impact surface waters located downstream. However, there is a lack of knowledge on the influence of rock-glacier dynamics on the geochemical, hydrochemical, and ecological characteristics of adjacent impounded surface waters. In the Col d'Olen area (Long-Term Ecological Research site, NW Italian Alps), an intact rock glacier terminates into a pond and solute-enriched waters originating from the rock glacier flow into the pond through a subsurface hydrological window. In this study, we performed geophysical and ground surface temperature measurements. Moreover, we sampled soils and sediments in different compartments of the investigated rock-glacier - pond system and we further sampled benthic invertebrates in the pond. Cold ground thermal regime, ground-ice presence, and coarse debris cover on the rock glacier together with its lithology (serpentinites) influence the rock-glacier geochemistry and ecology with respect to surrounding areas. Pond geochemistry is affected by transfer of trace-metal-enriched fine-grained debris and meltwaters from the rock glacier. Enhanced bioavailability of serpentinite-associated trace metals was proved, with concentrations of Ni and Cr in benthic invertebrates up to 384 and 110 mg kg-1 d.w., respectively, potentially exerting toxic effects on pond biota. The advancing movement of the rock glacier not only has delivered sediments to the pond, but it has progressively filled the valley depression where the pond is located, creating a dam that could have modified the level of impounded water. This process likely constituted a sediment trap in which serpentinitic rock-glacier sediments could be deposited at the pond bottom, with related geochemical and ecological implications. This study illustrates the importance of rock glaciers in influencing the characteristics of downstream freshwater bodies and highlights the need to improve our knowledge about climate-change-related impacts of rock-glacier dynamics on alpine headwaters.
Baroni C. (1), Bondesan A. (2), Carturan L. (3), Chiarle M. (4), 2020, I ghiacciai e il riscaldamento globale,
2020,
Abstract
Con il coordinamento del Comitato Glaciologico Italiano (CGI), alla fine dell'estate 2019 si è completata ...
Con il coordinamento del Comitato Glaciologico Italiano (CGI), alla fine dell'estate 2019 si è completata la campagna per il monitoraggio dei ghiacciai italiani. I risultati, qui anticipati per la prima volta, sono in corso di elaborazione per la pubblicazione sulla rivista del CGI
Marco Mancini, Gianluca Vignaroli, Francesco Bucci, Mauro Cardinali, Gian Paolo Cavinato, Cristina Di Salvo, Silvia Giallini, Massimiliano Moscatelli, Federica Polpetta, Maria Luisa Putignano, Michele Santangelo, Pietro Sirianni, 2020, New stratigraphic constraints for the Quaternary source-to-sink history of the Amatrice Basin (central Apennines, Italy),
Geological journal (Chichester Engl., Online) 55 (2020): 4226–4251. doi_10.1002/gj.3672,
DOI: 10.1002/gj.3672
Abstract
New stratigraphic constraints have been detailed for the Amatrice Basin, an intermountain morpho-structural depression of ...
New stratigraphic constraints have been detailed for the Amatrice Basin, an intermountain morpho-structural depression of the central Apennines (Italy) hosting up to 60-m-thick Quaternary continental deposits. Through the results coming from a 1_5,000 scale field survey and from facies analyses, we documented the geometry, thickness, and extent of the post-orogenic continental deposits filling this basin. The Quaternary deposits form a complex architecture of purely aggradational and aggradational/degradational terraces with a dominant component of conglomerates and gravels, at the bottom, and subordinate sands, at the top. The Quaternary deposits overlie an up to 1-km-thick succession of flysch sediments that accumulated in the western Laga Basin during the Miocene syn-orogenic phases in central Apennines. The collected data are used to constrain the style and mechanisms of both syn-orogenic (i.e., subsidence and terrigenous sedimentation in foredeep environment) and post-orogenic (i.e., uplift, erosion, and continental sedimentation) phases documented for the central Apennines. In particular, the post-orogenic history of the Amatrice Basin, if compared with those of surrounding intermountain basins of the central Apennines, includes limited basin subsidence, reduced thickness of the post-orogenic covers and progressive deepening of the drainage network during the Quaternary. The results shed light on the source-to-sink history of the Amatrice Basin, which results from a long-lived interaction between regional-scale factors (climate changes, chain uplift, and extensional tectonic regime) that influenced the activity of the hydrodynamic pattern and the amount of intrabasinal sedimentation during the Quaternary.
Pontus Lurcock1*, Fabio Florindo1,2, Sergio Bonomo3, Antonio Cascella4, Federico Di Rita5, Luciana Ferraro6, Donatella Domenica Insinga6, Donatella Magri5, Giulia Margaritelli7, Nicola Pelosi6, Paola Petrosino8, Mattia Vallefuoco6, Claudia Cosentino9 & Fabrizio Lirer6, 2020, A 4,500-year record of palaeomagnetic secular variation and relative palaeointensity from the Tyrrhenian Sea,
Geological Society, London, special publications (Online) (2020). doi_10.1144/SP497-2019-255,
DOI: 10.1144/SP497-2019-255
Abstract
A marine sediment core from the western Mediterranean provides a newhigh-resolution 4,500-year record of palaeomagnetic ...
A marine sediment core from the western Mediterranean provides a newhigh-resolution 4,500-year record of palaeomagnetic secular variation and relativepalaeointensity. In 2013, the 7.1-metre C5 core was recovered from the TyrrhenianSea as part of the NextData climate data project. The coring site, 15 km offshorefrom the Volturno river mouth, is well-located to record combined marine andterrestrial palaeoclimatic influences, and the fine-grained, rapidly deposited sedimentsare effective palaeomagnetic recorders. We investigate the palaeomagnetic field direction and strength recorded in the core, which provide a valuable high-resolution recordof Holocene geomagnetic variation in the area. Using rock magnetic techniques,we constrain the magnetic mineralogy of the studied sediments and confirm theirsuitability for palaeomagnetic analysis. Palaeomagnetic declination and inclinationrecords were determined by stepwise alternating-field demagnetization, and relativepalaeointensity estimates were obtained based on normalization to anhysterestic andisothermal remanent magnetization and to magnetic susceptibility. The age of the coreis well-constrained with a tephro- and biostratigraphic age model, and its magneticrecords are compared with relevant core and model data for the region, demonstratingthat our record is compatible with previous results from the area. An automated curvematching approach is applied to assess the compatibility of our data with the existingsecular variation path for the Mediterranean area.
Massimiliano Alvioli(1), Ivan Marchesini(1), Laura Melelli(2), Peter Guth(3), 2020, Geomorphometry 2020 – Conference proceedings,
P.le Aldo Moro, 7 00185 Roma_ CNR edizioni, 2020,
Abstract
Geomorphometry is the science of quantitative land surface analysis. It gathers various mathematical, statistical and ...
Geomorphometry is the science of quantitative land surface analysis. It gathers various mathematical, statistical and image processing techniques to quantify morphological, hydrological, ecological and other aspects of a land surface. Common synonyms for geomorphometry are geomorphological analysis, terrain morphometry or terrain analysis and land surface analysis. The typical input to geomorphometric analysis is a square-grid representation of the land surface_ a digital elevation (or land surface) model.
Schenato, Luca; Pasuto, Alessandro; Galtarossa, Andrea; Palmieri, Luca, 2020, An Optical Fiber Distributed Pressure Sensing Cable with Pa-Sensitivity and Enhanced Spatial Resolution,
IEEE sensors journal 20 (2020): 5900–5908. doi_10.1109/JSEN.2020.2972057,
DOI: 10.1109/JSEN.2020.2972057
Abstract
In this paper, a high-sensitive, high-spatial resolution distributed pressure sensing cable employing standard single-mode fibers ...
In this paper, a high-sensitive, high-spatial resolution distributed pressure sensing cable employing standard single-mode fibers is presented and implemented. If measured with a distributed strain sensing interrogator with 1 ?varepsilon resolution, the pressure resolution and accuracy demonstrated with this prototype are approximately 5 Pa and 10 hPa, respectively, with an intrinsic maximum spatial resolution of 8.5 cm. In terms of Rayleigh spectral shift, the sensitivity is about-30 GHz/kPa. Above all, the interrogation of the cable does not require an interrogator with such high spatial resolution, and the design is compliant with any optical fiber distributed strain sensing technique, such as Brillouin-and Rayleigh-based ones.
Rosa Maria Cavalli, 2020, Local, Daily, and Total Bio-Optical Models of Coastal Waters of Manfredonia Gulf Applied to Simulated Data of CHRIS, Landsat TM, MIVIS, MODIS, and PRISMA Sensors for Evaluating the Error,
Remote sensing (Basel) 12(9) (2020): 1–28. doi_10.3390/rs12091428,
DOI: 10.3390/rs12091428
Abstract
The spatial-temporal resolution of remote data covers coastal water variability, but this approach offers a ...
The spatial-temporal resolution of remote data covers coastal water variability, but this approach offers a lower accuracy than in situ observations. Two of the major error sources occur due to the parameterization of bio-optical models and spectral capability of the remote data. These errors were evaluated by exploiting data acquired in the coastal waters of Manfredonia Gulf. Chlorophyll-a concentrations, absorption of the colored dissolved organic material at 440 nm (aCDOM440nm), and tripton concentrations measured in situ varied between 0.09-1.76 mgm-3, 0.00-0.41 m-1, and 1.97-8.90 gm-3. In accordance with the position and time of in situ surveys, 36 local models, four daily models, and one total bio-optical model were parameterized and validated using in situ data before applying to Compact High-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (CHRIS) mode 1, CHRIS mode 2, Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer (MIVIS), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Precursore Iperspettrale della Missione Applicativa (PRISMA) simulated data. Concentrations retrieved from PRISMA data using local models highlighted the smallest errors. Because tripton abundance is great and tripton absorptions were better resolved than those of chlorophyll-a and colored dissolved organic material (CDOM), tripton concentrations were adequately retrieved from all data using total models, while only local models adequately retrieved chlorophyll-a concentrations and aCDOM440nm from CHRIS mode 1, CHRIS mode 2, MIVIS, and MODIS data. Therefore, the application of local models shows smaller errors than those of daily and total models; however, the capability to resolve the absorption of water constituents and analyze their concentration range can dictate the model choice. Consequently, the integration of more models allows us to overcome the limitations of the data and sensors
Galena Jordanova (1), Stefano Luigi Gariano (2), Massimo Melillo (2), Silvia Peruccacci (2), Maria Teresa Brunetti (2), Mateja Jemec Aufli? (3), 2020, Determination of Empirical Rainfall Thresholds for Shallow Landslides in Slovenia Using an Automatic Tool,
Water (Basel) 12 (2020): 1–16. doi_10.3390/w12051449,
DOI: 10.3390/w12051449
Abstract
Rainfall-triggered shallow landslides represent a major threat to people and infrastructure worldwide. Predicting the possibility ...
Rainfall-triggered shallow landslides represent a major threat to people and infrastructure worldwide. Predicting the possibility of a landslide occurrence accurately means understanding the trigger mechanisms adequately. Rainfall is the main cause of slope failures in Slovenia, and rainfall thresholds are among the most-used tools to predict the possible occurrence of rainfall-triggered landslides. The recent validation of the prototype landslide early system in Slovenia highlighted the need to define new reliable rainfall thresholds. In this study, several empirical thresholds are determined using an automatic tool. The thresholds are represented by a power law curve that links the cumulated event rainfall (E, in mm) with the duration of the rainfall event (D, in h). By eliminating all subjective criteria thanks to the automated calculation, thresholds at diverse non-exceedance probabilities are defined and validated, and the uncertainties associated with their parameters are estimated. Additional thresholds are also calculated for two different environmental classifications. The first classification is based on mean annual rainfall (MAR) with the national territory divided into three classes. The area with the highest MAR has the highest thresholds, which indicates a likely adaptation of the landscape to higher amounts of rainfall. The second classification is based on four lithological units. Two-thirds of the considered landslides occur in the unit of any type of clastic sedimentary rocks, which proves an influence of the lithology on the occurrence of shallow landslides. Sedimentary rocks that are prone to weathering have the lowest thresholds, while magmatic and metamorphic rocks have the highest thresholds. Thresholds obtained for both classifications are far less reliable due to the low number of empirical points and can only be used as indicators of rainfall conditions for each of the classes. Finally, the new national thresholds for Slovenia are also compared with other regional, national, and global thresholds. The thresholds can be used to define probabilistic schemes aiming at the operative prediction of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in Slovenia, in the framework of the Slovenian prototype early warning system.
Francesco Brozzetti, 1,2
Alessandro Cesare Mondini, 3
Cristina Pauselli, 2,4
Paolo Mancinelli, 4,5
Daniele Cirillo, 1,2
Fausto Guzzetti, 3
Giusy Lavecchia, 1,2, 2020, Mainshock Anticipated by Intra-Sequence Ground Deformations_ Insights from Multiscale Field and SAR Interferometric Measurements,
Geosciences (Basel) (2020). doi_10.3390/geosciences10050186,
DOI: 10.3390/geosciences10050186
Abstract
The 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence was characterized by two main events_ 24 August, Mw ...
The 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence was characterized by two main events_ 24 August, Mw 6, and 30 October, Mw 6.5. We carried out high-resolution field sampling and DInSAR analysis of the coseismic and intra-sequence ground deformations along the Mt Vettore-Mt Bove causative fault (VBF). We found that during the intra-sequence period (24 August-30 October), the ground experienced some deformations whose final patterns seemed to be retraced and amplified by the following mainshock. We interpreted that (i) immediately after the 24 August earthquake, the deformation observed in the southern VBF expanded northwards and westwards over a Length of Deforming Ground (LDG) ranging between 28.7 and 36.3 km, and (ii) it extended to the whole portion of the hanging wall that was later affected by mainshock coseismic deformation. Assuming the LDG to be an indicator for an expected (=coseismic) surface rupture length and using known scaling functions, we obtained 6.4 <= Mw <= 6.7 for a possible incoming earthquake, which is consistent with the mainshock magnitude. We suggest that the evolution of the ground deformations after a significant seismic event might provide insights on the occurrence of new earthquakes with magnitudes comparable to or larger than the former.
Capozzoli, L.; De Martino, G.; Polemio, M.; Rizzo, E., 2020, Geophysical Techniques for Monitoring Settlement Phenomena Occurring in Reinforced Concrete Buildings,
Surveys in geophysics 41 (2020): 575–604. doi_10.1007/s10712-019-09554-8,
DOI: 10.1007/s10712-019-09554-8
Abstract
Geophysical investigations could provide a valid tool for the identification of possible causes of settlement ...
Geophysical investigations could provide a valid tool for the identification of possible causes of settlement phenomena that affect civil buildings. They provide a non-invasive method of obtaining high-resolution information about the subsoil, saving time and money. However, uncertainties related to the accurate interpretation of the acquired data could potentially reduce the value of these methods. For this reason, the integration of non-invasive tests with direct measurements to support geophysical data interpretation is strongly recommended. This is a fundamental step in the process of defining a sufficiently reliable geological model to explain the cause of failure. Among the various geophysical techniques, electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar offer significant advantages for monitoring the status of the conservation of civil engineering structures and infrastructures. This paper presents the most recent and beneficial advances of the use of electric and electromagnetic geophysical methods in the field of civil engineering, with particular attention to their applications for monitoring subsidence and settlement phenomena. Finally, the possibilities of the joint use of resistivity and electromagnetic methods for studying the causes of the structural decay that affects two precast buildings are monitored and discussed. The results demonstrate the capability of combining non-destructive geophysical techniques with direct data, for evaluating the safety of building constructions and solving geotechnical problems.
Gianluca Vignaroli, Marco Mancini, Mauro Brilli, Francesco Bucci, Mauro Cardinali, Francesca Giustini, Mario Voltaggio, Tsai-Luen Yu, Chuan-Chou Shen, 2020, Spatial-temporal evolution of extensional faulting and fluid circulation in the Amatrice Basin (central Apennines, Italy) during the Pleistocene,
Frontiers in Earth Sciences (2020). doi_10.3389/feart.2020.00130,
DOI: 10.3389/feart.2020.00130
Abstract
In extensional continental settings, crustal-scale normal faults can accommodate deformation and subsidence at their hanging ...
In extensional continental settings, crustal-scale normal faults can accommodate deformation and subsidence at their hanging wall via activation and deactivation of subsidiary tectonic structures. Geological data obtained from subsidiary structures are required to infer the position of the tectonic deformation during the spatial-temporal evolution of the growth-fault system, with significant implications for structures belonging to seismogenic settings. Here, we describe a subsidiary tectonic structure (the Amatrice Fault System) accommodating Quaternary extensional deformation in the Amatrice Basin (central Apennines, Italy), which is an intermountain morpho-structural depression involved by the 2016-2017 seismic sequence. Structurally, the Amatrice Fault System defines a ~10 km-long tectonic feature running through the Amatrice Basin, and consists of NNW-SSE-striking and E-W-striking fault segments that interact and link over time. Cross-cutting fault relationships are used to reconstruct a kinematic scenario of fault growth and propagation under an ENE-WSW-directed crustal stretching, consistent with the paleostress regime governing the Quaternary activity of the central Apennines. The analysis of stable carbon and oxygen isotopes on syn-kinematic carbonate mineralizations (calcite veins and calcite fibers on fault surfaces) indicates a meteoric water circulation during the development of the growing fault structure, characterized by variable contributions of organic carbon (soil CO2), and suggesting surface rupture and hydrodynamic interconnection with the vadose zone during faulting. Geochronological U-Th dating on the same mineralizations indicates Middle-Late Pleistocene ages for tectonic activity of the Amatrice Fault System, with the younger age being 108±10 ka. Our results shed light on the long-term tectonics in the Amatrice Basin, in which the Amatrice Fault System records fault growth, hydrodynamic regime and structural permeability network developed under possible coseismic conditions during the Pleistocene. Activation and deactivation of minor tectonic structures, such as the Amatrice Fault System, can provide insights on the localization of tectonic deformation at the hanging wall of a master fault, with implication on the releasing seismogenic potential in active tectonic domains similar to the central Apennines.
Martini L.; Faes L.; Picco L.; Iroume A.; Lingua E.; Garbarino M.; Cavalli M., 2020, Assessing the effect of fire severity on sediment connectivity in central Chile,
Science of the total environment 728 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139006,
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139006
Abstract
Chilean territory is recurrently affected by severe wildfires, which drastically reduce the forest cover and ...
Chilean territory is recurrently affected by severe wildfires, which drastically reduce the forest cover and promote runoff, soil erosion and slope instabilities. To understand how the geomorphic system responds to wildfires in terms of sediment dynamics, the assessment of sediment connectivity, i.e. the property describing the relationships between compartments of a geomorphic system, is crucial. This study aims to quantify the spatial linkages between fire severity and sediment connectivity to identify common patterns and driving factors. The compound use of field data and open-source satellite imagery helped to apply the Relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (RdNBR) and the Index of Connectivity (IC) in the context of two consecutive wildfires, occurred in 2002 and 2015, in the Rio Toro catchment (Chile). The fire severity assessment showed that the 2002 event affected 90% of the catchment, with high severity areas representing around 70%. The 2015 wildfire instead, affected 76% of the catchment with moderate severity around 42%. Accordingly, as result of the sudden reduction in forest cover in severely affected areas, the IC changed after both wildfires with an overall increase of 1.07 and 0.54, respectively. However, only for the second disturbance, it was possible to observe a clear relationship between the RdNBR and the IC variations. The different degree of vegetation cover heterogeneity between the two pre-wildfire scenarios contributed to different fire severity and IC variability between the two disturbances. The use of open-source satellite data and the development of a weighting factor (W), to be used in IC and able to capture the land cover change driven by the wildfires, could make the application of this approach straightforward, promoting its reproducibility in other catchments for land management and risk mitigation purposes.
Lorenzo Marchi, Massimo Arattano, Marco Cavalli, Federico Cazorzi, Stefano Crema, Sara Cucchiaro, 2020, Debris-flow data collected in the Moscardo Torrent (eastern Italian Alps) between 1990 and 2019,
EGU General Assembly 2020, Vienna (Austria), 4-8 May 2020,
Mattia Zaramella, Lorenzo Marchi, Francesco Marra, Francesco Comiti, Stefano Crema, Mattia Marchio, and Marco Borga, 2020, Role of stationary convective bands and antecedent conditions on the flood response to the Vaia storm (October 27-30, 2018) in the Eastern Italian Alps,
EGU General Assembly 2020, Vienna (Austria), 4-8 May 2020,
Andrea Brenna, Nicola Surian, Marco Borga, Massimiliano Ghinassi, Lorenzo Marchi, 2020, Recognition and Occurrence of Different Sediment-Water Flows Triggered by High-Magnitude Hydrological Events in Mountain Catchments,
EGU General Assembly 2020, 4-8 May 2020,
GIULIO IOVINE - con la collaborazione di C. BRUNO, D. DISTILO (1), C. GRECO (2), V. LUPIANO, V. RAGO, 2020, RELAZIONE DI SOPRALLUOGO – SITO DI_ FRANCICA (KM 292).,
2020,
Abstract
report di sopralluogo su sito minacciato da dissesto lungo linea ferroviaria, per suggerimento di indagini ...
report di sopralluogo su sito minacciato da dissesto lungo linea ferroviaria, per suggerimento di indagini e azioni di mitigazione
GIULIO IOVINE - con la collaborazione di C. BRUNO, C. GRECO (1), V. LUPIANO, V. RAGO, 2020, RELAZIONE DI SOPRALLUOGO – SITI DI_ CELLE DI BULGHERIA (KM 80), CELLE DI BULGHERIA (KM 82), PISCIOTTA (KM 70).,
2020,
Abstract
report di sopralluogo su siti minacciati da dissesto per impostare studi e monitoraggio per la ...
report di sopralluogo su siti minacciati da dissesto per impostare studi e monitoraggio per la mitigazione
Bucci, Francesco; Novellino, Rocco; Guglielmi, Paola; Tavarnelli, Enrico, 2020, Growth and dissection of a fold and thrust belt_ the geological record of the High Agri Valley, Italy,
Journal of maps 16 (2020): 245–256. doi_10.1080/17445647.2020.1737254,
DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2020.1737254
Abstract
We present a 130 km(2) wide geological map for the NE side of the fault-bounded ...
We present a 130 km(2) wide geological map for the NE side of the fault-bounded High Agri Valley Southern Italy, that formed in the Quaternary in response to extensional tectonics dissecting the folds and thrusts of the Lucanian Apennine. To prepare the map, at 1_25,000 scale, we integrated information obtained through field surveys and the review of pre-existing geological data. Our work describes a number of significant map-scale structures, which can be related to well-constrained tectonic episodes. The new geological map provides important constraints that can be used to distinguish ancient structures from those that were active during the Quaternary, allowing a more detailed reconstruction of the processes that operate during the development of a post-orogenic trough. We expect that the new map will be used for different types of geological investigations, including studies of inversion tectonics, active tectonics, geosite mapping, 3D modelling of geological structures.
M Zaramella, L Marchi, F Cazorzi, S Crema, M Cavalli, M Borga, 2020, Extreme Rainfall and Flooding from the Vaia Storm of October 27-30, 2018 in North-Eastern Italy,
PROCESSI IDROLOGICI ED EROSIVI NEI SISTEMI AGRARI ED AMBIENTALI - Giornata di studi in ricordo del Prof. Ing. Marcello Niedda, edited by Mario Pirastru, Filippo Giadrossich, pp. 37–40, 2020,
Abstract
This work investigates rainfall and flood response for the
event that affected the eastern Italian Alps ...
This work investigates rainfall and flood response for the
event that affected the eastern Italian Alps on 27-30 October 2018
(the so-called "Vaia" storm). The event was characterized by
extreme cumulated precipitation (up to 850 mm in three days) and
wind, causing severe floods, landslides, loss of lives, extended
damages to forests, interruption of traffic and electricity supply, as
well as other infrastructural damages. The event was heavily influenced
by the regional orography and was characterized by a welldefined
rainfall hiatus which permits the identification of two consecutive
precipitation phases. The paper describes the main hydrometeorological
features of the event, reporting on the rainfall forcing
and on the results from a post-flood survey campaign which
allowed to provide estimates of peak discharges in the Piave River
basin, an area heavily impacted by the flood.
Reyes-Carmona C.; Barra A.; Galve J.P.; Monserrat O.; Perez-Pena J.V.; Mateos R.M.; Notti D.; Ruano P.; Millares A.; Lopez-Vinielles J.; Azanon J.M., 2020, Sentinel-1 DInSAR for monitoring active landslides in critical infrastructures_ The case of the rules reservoir (Southern Spain),
Remote sensing (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/rs12050809,
DOI: 10.3390/rs12050809
Abstract
Landslides in reservoir contexts are a well-recognised hazard that may lead to dangerous situations regarding ...
Landslides in reservoir contexts are a well-recognised hazard that may lead to dangerous situations regarding infrastructures and people's safety. Satellite-based radar interferometry is proving to be a reliable method to monitor the activity of landslides in such contexts. Here, we present a DInSAR (Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) analysis of Sentinel-1 images that exemplifies the usefulness of the technique to recognize and monitor landslides in the Rules Reservoir (Southern Spain). The integration of DInSAR results with a comprehensive geomorphological study allowed us to understand the typology, evolution and triggering factors of three active landslides_ Lorenzo-1, Rules Viaduct and El Arrecife. We could distinguish between rotational and translational landslides and, thus, we evaluated the potential hazards related to these typologies, i.e., retrogression (Lorenzo-1 and Rules Viaduct landslides) or catastrophic slope failure (El Arrecife Landslide), respectively. We also observed how changes in the water level of the reservoir influence the landslide's behaviour. Additionally, we were able to monitor the stability of the Rules Dam as well as detect the deformation of a highway viaduct that crosses a branch of the reservoir. Overall, we consider that other techniques must be applied to continue monitoring the movements, especially in the El Arrecife Landslide, in order to avoid future structural damages and fatalities.
H. Beck, N. Vergopolan, M. Pan, V. Levizzani, A. J. J. M. van Dijk, G. P. Weedon, L. Brocca, F. Pappenberger, G. J. Huffman, and E. F. Wood,, 2020, Global-Scale Evaluation of 22 Precipitation Datasets Using Gauge Observations and Hydrological Modeling,
Satellite Precipitation Measurement, edited by V. Levizzani, C. Kidd, D. B. Kirschbaum, C. D. Kummerow, K. Nakamura, F. J. Turk, pp. 625–653. Cham, Heidelberg, New York, Dordrecht, London_ Springer, 2020,
Abstract
We undertook a comprehensive evaluation of 22 gridded (quasi-)global (sub-)daily precipitation (P) datasets for the ...
We undertook a comprehensive evaluation of 22 gridded (quasi-)global (sub-)daily precipitation (P) datasets for the period 2000-2016. Thirteen non-gauge-corrected P datasets were evaluated using daily P gauge observations from 76,086 gauges worldwide. Another nine gauge-corrected datasets were evaluated using hydrological modeling, by calibrating the conceptual model HBV against streamflow records for each of 9053 small to medium-sized (<50,000 km2) catchments worldwide, and comparing the resulting performance. Marked differences in spatio-temporal patterns and accuracy were found among the datasets. Among the uncorrected P datasets, the satellite- and reanalysis-based MSWEP-ng V1.2 and V2.0 datasets generally showed the best temporal correlations with the gauge observations, followed by the reanalyses (ERA-Interim, JRA-55, and NCEP-CFSR) and the satellite- and reanalysis-based CHIRP V2.0 dataset, the estimates based primarily on passive microwave remote sensing of rainfall (CMORPH V1.0, GSMaP V5/6, and TMPA 3B42RT V7) or near-surface soil moisture (SM2RAIN-ASCAT), and finally, estimates based primarily on thermal infrared imagery (GridSat V1.0, PERSIANN, and PERSIANN-CCS). Two of the three reanalyses (ERA-Interim and JRA-55) unexpectedly obtained lower trend errors than the satellite datasets. Among the corrected P datasets, the ones directly incorporating daily gauge data (CPC Unified and MSWEP V1.2 and V2.0) generally provided the best calibration scores, although the good performance of the fully gauge-based CPC Unified is unlikely to translate to sparsely or ungauged regions. Next best results were obtained with P estimates directly incorporating temporally coarser gauge data (CHIRPS V2.0, GPCP-1DD V1.2, TMPA 3B42 V7, and WFDEI-CRU), which in turn outperformed the one indirectly incorporating gauge data through another multi-source dataset (PERSIANN-CDR V1R1). Our results highlight large differences in estimation accuracy, and hence, the importance of P dataset selection in both research and operational applications. The good performance of MSWEP emphasizes that careful data merging can exploit the complementary strengths of gauge-, satellite- and reanalysis-based P estimates.
