M. Borga, I. Ruin, J.D.Creutin, C. Lutoff, A. Scolobig, L. Marchi, E. Gaume, 2015, Hydrological and societal response to flood producing rainstorms_ the potential of forensic methods,
Vienna Catchment Science Symposium, Vienna (Austria), 18.04.2015,
Abstract
...
Marcato G., Bossi G., Schenato L., 2015, Monitoraggio della galleria “San Lorenzo” in rapporto ai movimenti franosi esterni Relazione Finale – contratti 000335 del 10.09.14,
2015,
Abstract
Il presente documento rappresenta la relazione finale inerente l'incarico che ANAS Compartimento della Viabilità per ...
Il presente documento rappresenta la relazione finale inerente l'incarico che ANAS Compartimento della Viabilità per il Friuli Venezia Giulia CIG Z740FFF1AD ha affidato al CNR-IRPI UOS di Padova.
Nella galleria Stradale "San Lorenzo" è stato installato un sistema di monitoraggio che permette di misurare le deformazioni di alcune crepe presenti nei conci 26-27-28-29. Le fessurazioni sono da mettere in relazione alla presenza di un ammasso franoso che insiste sulla struttura.
La disponibilità dei dati di monitoraggio permette di identificare dei trend di deformazioni in risposta alle forzanti meteorologiche; ciò può portare a una migliore definizione della dinamica del fenomeno franoso e degli effetti indotti sull'opera dalle deformazioni. In quest'ottica il monitoraggio assume una validità strategica in quanto può permettere di definire eventuali interventi di mitigazione.
Cavalli M., Crema S., Viero A., Marchi L., 2015, Attività di studio sulle conoidi con sviluppo di una metodologia di raccolta dati e loro applicazione su aree test – Relazione finale,
2015,
Abstract
Il presente studio, svolto dall'Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI) del Consiglio Nazionale ...
Il presente studio, svolto dall'Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (IRPI) del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) su incarico della Regione Veneto, ha per oggetto lo sviluppo di una metodologia per la raccolta dati dei processi torrentizi che interessano le aree di conoide e la relativa applicazione in tre aree test situate nelle province di Vicenza, Treviso e Belluno.
In accordo con quanto previsto dall'Art. 4 della convenzione tra la Regione del Veneto e il CNR IRPI, il presente documento descrive le attività condotte e presenta i risultati ottenuti.
Marcato G., Bossi G., Schenato L., 2015, Monitoraggio della galleria “San Lorenzo” in rapporto ai movimenti franosi esterni Relazione Finale – contratti 000404 del 16.07.15,
2015,
Abstract
Il presente documento rappresenta la relazione finale inerente l'incarico che ANAS Compartimento della Viabilità per ...
Il presente documento rappresenta la relazione finale inerente l'incarico che ANAS Compartimento della Viabilità per il Friuli Venezia Giulia ha affidato al CNR-IRPI UOS di Padova.
Il monitoraggio effettuato da IRPI CNR UOS di Padova per conto della Direzione Regionale della Protezione Civile ha messo in risalto come parte del versante sud del Monte Tinisa e del Clap di Lavres siano in movimento. Anas dopo aver ricostruito un tratto di galleria tra il 2005 e il 2008, dal 2014 ha implementato un sistema di monitoraggio in continuo delle lesioni sui conci 27,28,29 della galleria stradale San Lorenzo, costituito da 24 fessurimetri e 4 clinometri. Scopo di tale impianto di monitoraggio è di fornire dati per individuare eventuali correlazioni tra l'attività delle deformazioni e fattori perturbativi quali le precipitazioni e le acque circolanti nell'ammasso roccioso. Il sistema può integrarsi al monitoraggio della Protezione Civile in atto per il controllo dei fenomeni franosi dell'area.
Andrea Maria Deganutti, Pia Rosella Tecca, Giuseppe Nigro, 2015, Numerical modelling of a debris-flow fan in Eastern Italian Alps,
Alluvial fans 2015, Christchurch, New Zealand, 30/11-8/12/2015,
Abstract
The knowledge of flow rheology, the accurate prediction of runout distances, and velocities, can ...
The knowledge of flow rheology, the accurate prediction of runout distances, and velocities, can reduce the casualties and property damage produced by debris flows, providing a means to delineate hazard areas, to estimate hazard intensities for input into risk studies and parameters for the design of control works.
The application of models which describe the propagation and deposition of debris flow for the hazard delineation and estimation, requires detailed topography, hydrological and rheological data that are not always available
In the Tolmezzo area, Eastern Italian Alps, a wide, complex shaped debris flow fan is built by a torrent and its several tributaries. the material transported by these events invaded a very busy national road
We compared the results of simulations carried on with two different single-phase, non Newtonian models, the two-dimensional FLO-2D and IDRA2D DF, in order to test the reliability to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the design debris flow. Data from field topographic surveys and from the rain gauges of the valley are used in order to build a trustworthy numerical model for deposition simulation.
FLO-2D model creates a more accurate representation of the hazard area in terms of flooded area, but the results in terms of runout distances and deposits thickness are similar to the open-source IDRA2D DF results. Parameters obtained through back-analysis with both models can be applied to predict hazard in other areas characterized by similar geology, morphology and climate.
Lazzarini S., Brardinoni F., Draganits E., Cavalli M., 2015, Contrasting mass-wasting activity in two debris flow-dominated catchments of the Venosta Valley,
European Geosciences Union - General Assembly 2015, Vienna, 12 - 17 Aprile 2015,
Abstract
Debris flows are the most common mass movements within alpine mountainous catchments and main responsible
process ...
Debris flows are the most common mass movements within alpine mountainous catchments and main responsible
process for sediment delivery from headwaters to streams. Often the delivered unsorted material accumulates as
debris-flow lobes on the large debris-flow fans occurring at the outlet of secondary valleys or where the slope
becomes less steep. These mass-wasting events are remarkable hazardous process concerning infrastructure and
people, especially if villages are located on such fans. Therefore monitoring and analysis of the debris-flow
activity is essential in order to mitigate the risk.
This study presents the results of a multi-temporal analysis of the debris flow activity and the evolution of
the colluvial sediment sources over the last 70 years. Two high-altitude watersheds, close to each other in the
Venosta valley (Eastern Italian Alps), were geomorphologically characterized and the transport regimes were
identified. The larger basin is Cengles Creek (10.7 km2) and the smaller watershed is Plaies Creek (3.6 km2).
The analysis has been carried out using historical aerial photos and digital analogues as well as through geomorphological,
sedimentological and hydrological fieldwork. Our results consist of the identification of different
geomorphological features and debris-flow activity patterns within the two basins.
The Cengles basin is characterized by a diffuse layer of permafrost, a hanging valley floor where alluvial
processes predominate and considerable vegetation. Within this catchment the debris-flow activity has been quite
stable over the last seven decades, with peak activities related to exceptional events, for example in 1999. On the
other hand, the Plaies watershed possesses diffuse steep slopes, virtually no vegetation and a large glacier at its
headwaters; also there the mass-wasting activity shows a stable trend with an only exceptional peak, linked to the
occurrence of a large event in August 2012.
The processes in the catchment area combines zones with colluvial transport regimes with areas in which
fluvial transport prevails, whereas Plaies is essentially dominated by mass-wasting processes strongly controlled
by the dynamics of the overhanging Ortler Glacier. Further, Cengles is a supply-limited system, since there the
occurrence of debris flows is strongly controlled by in-channel sediment evacuation and recharge cycles that
interact with the overcoming of variable hydrometeorological thresholds. In contrast, Plaies is a transport-limited
resulting from the almost unlimited availability of loose, mainly glacigenic material that can be mobilized. The
debris-flow activity in Plaies is strongly controlled by a combination of hydrometeorological forcing and glacier
dynamics.
This work is part of SedAlp (www.sedalp.eu), a project funded through the Alpine Space Programme.
De Luca A., Cucchiaro S., Blasone G., Cavalli M., Cazorzi F., 2015, Data fusion of aerial and terrestrial LiDAR datasets for sediment transport modelling,
European Geosciences Union - General Assembly 2015, Vienna, 12 - 17 Aprile 2015,
Abstract
Availability of high-resolution morphometric survey datasets is not an issue any longer, especially after the
wide ...
Availability of high-resolution morphometric survey datasets is not an issue any longer, especially after the
wide adoption of laser scanning technology to collect data. Nevertheless, this abundance of data is not always
matched by the techniques and the procedures used to process it and to turn it into information useful for decision
makers. The work we present here was aimed at exploiting high-resolution morphometric data collected using
two different technologies, i.e. Aerial Laser Scanner (ALS) and Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS). The two datasets
were combined to generate a series of Digital Elevation Models (DTMs) that were in turn used to assess the effects
of the construction of a new check dam on sediment transport modelling in a small Italian mountain catchment
(Rio Moscardo).
The fusion of the two datasets allowed the generation of three DTMs. The first DTM (scenario 1, from
ALS data only) describes the morphology before the check dam construction. The second DTM (scenario 2, from
ALS and TLS data) describes the morphology right after the check dam construction, therefore without upstream
debris deposition. The third DTM (scenario 3, from ALS and TLS, modified) describes the morphology a few
years after the dam construction, with consistent upstream debris deposition. The three DTMs were used as a
basis for the calculation of a spatial sediment Connectivity Index (IC), to assess how different portions of the
catchment are connected to the catchment outlet (target) in terms of debris flow delivery. The modelling results
clearly show that in scenario 2 the check dam acts as an effective sink for the debris, almost disconnecting the
catchment portion upstream to the dam (15% of the catchment area) from the catchment outlet. In scenario 3,
where due to debris deposition the slope of the area just upslope to the dam has strongly decreased, the IC values
of the catchment portion upstream to the dam revert to the ones shown in scenario 1, where strong connection to
the outlet was detected.
Brardinoni F., Scotti R., Cavalli M., Mair V., 2015, Connectivity and colluvial sediment dynamics in the Saldur River basin, Eastern Italian Alps,
European Geosciences Union - General Assembly 2015, Vienna, 12 - 17 Aprile 2015,
Abstract
We present an integrated approach that aims to_ (i) document the spatial distribution of mass-wasting ...
We present an integrated approach that aims to_ (i) document the spatial distribution of mass-wasting activity
and sediment production in the Saldur River basin (97 km2); (ii) detect causal linkages between mass-wasting
intensity and the potential spatial distribution of discontinuous permafrost; (iii) identify source-to-sink colluvial
sedimentary pathways as modulated by the spatial organization of active and relict glacial and periglacial
depositional landforms; and (iv) test the reliability of a geomorphometry-based index of sediment connectivity. In
so doing we compare spatial patterns of process-based and structural geomorphic connectivity.
To these ends, we map rock glaciers, protalus ramparts and moraines, and compile a field- and air photobased
multi-temporal (1959-1969-1982-1997-2000-2006-2008-2011) inventory of colluvial sediment sources. We
then combine these data with two historical datasets of debris flow and landslide events (both implemented and
maintained by the Autonomous Province of Bolzano) and analyse mass-wasting spatial distribution and intensity
in relation to proximity to glacier fronts, intact and relict periglacial landforms, and a permafrost index map (i.e.
PermaNET; http_//www.permanet-alpinespace.eu/).
This work is part of SedAlp (www.sedalp.eu), a project funded through the Alpine Space Programme.
Cavalli M., Borselli L., Crema S., Marchi L., Vigiak O., 2015, The use of Digital Elevation Models for sediment connectivity assessment_ state of the art and perspectives,
European Geosciences Union - General Assembly 2015, Vienna, 12 - 17 Aprile 2015,
Abstract
Geomorphic coupling, i.e. linkages between geomorphic system components, and sediment connectivity, i.e. the
degree of linkage ...
Geomorphic coupling, i.e. linkages between geomorphic system components, and sediment connectivity, i.e. the
degree of linkage that controls sediment fluxes throughout landscape, have important implications for the behavior
of geomorphic systems and have become key issues in the study of sediment transfer processes.
The detailed characterization of the topographic surface plays a fundamental role for studying sediment dynamics
in a catchment. Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) can both improve geomorphological interpretation (e.g.
individuation of sediment source areas) and enable the quantitative modeling of sediment fluxes and connectivity.
In particular, the availability of LiDAR-derived high-resolution Digital Terrain Models (DTMs), exploited using
geomorphometric analysis, extends the applicability and potentialities of topography-based modeling approaches.
Indeed, geomorphometry allows to derive detailed characterization of drainage pattern and surface roughness,
which are two of the most important parameters in the study of sediment delivery.
Since the late 1990s, some GIS-based approaches mainly based on stream-power have been developed for modeling
the topographic potential for erosion and deposition and evaluating the impedance to sediment conveyance.
But it is in the more recent years that an increasing interest for the quantitative characterization of the linkage
between landscape units can be observed in literature. The development of geomorphometric indices, such as the
sediment connectivity index (IC) by Borselli et al. (2008) and the version of IC proposed by Cavalli et al. (2013),
and related freeware applications, has certainly contributed to this increased interest.
In this work, the state of the art on the use of DEMs for sediment connectivity assessment, with a specific focus
on the sediment connectivity index and following applications, will be presented. Future perspectives will be also
discussed.
References
Borselli L., Cassi P., Torri D., 2008. Prolegomena to sediment and flow connectivity in the landscape_ a GIS and
field numerical assessment. Catena, 75(3), 268-277. doi_10.1016/j.catena.2008.07.006
Cavalli M., Trevisani S., Comiti F., Marchi L., 2013. Geomorphometric assessment of spatial sediment connectivity
in small Alpine catchments. Geomorphology 188,31-41. doi_10.1016/j.geomorph.2012.05.007
Bossi G.; Cavalli M.; Crema S.; Frigerio S.; Quan Luna B.; Mantovani M.; Marcato G.; Schenato L.; Pasuto A., 2015, Multi-temporal LiDAR-DTMs as a tool for modelling a complex landslide_ A case study in the Rotolon catchment (eastern Italian Alps),
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Print) 15 (2015): 715–722. doi_10.5194/nhess-15-715-2015,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fnhess-15-715-2015
Abstract
The geomorphological change detection through the comparison of repeated topographic surveys is a recent approach ...
The geomorphological change detection through the comparison of repeated topographic surveys is a recent approach that benefits greatly from the latest developments in topographical data acquisition techniques. Among them, airborne LiDAR makes the monitoring of geomorphological changes a more reliable and accurate approach for natural hazard and risk management. In this study, two LiDAR digital terrain models (DTMs) (2 m resolution) were acquired just before and after a complex 340 000 m3 landslide event (4 November 2010) that generated a debris flow in the channel of the Rotolon catchment (eastern Italian Alps). The analysis of these data was used to set up the initial condition for the application of a dynamic model.
The comparison between the pre- and post-event DTMs allowed us to identify erosion and depositional areas and the volume of the landslide. The knowledge of the phenomenon dynamics was the base of a sound back analysis of the event with the 3-D numerical model DAN3D. This particular code was selected for its capability to modify the rheology and the parameters of the moving mass during run-out, as actually observed along the path of the 2010 debris flow.
Nowadays some portions of Mt. Rotolon flank are still moving and show signs of detachment. The same soil parameters used in the back-analysis model could be used to simulate the run-out for possible future landslides, allowing us to generate reliable risk scenarios useful for awareness of civil defense and strategy of emergency plans.
Schenato L., Palmieri L., Marcato G., Galtarossa A., Pasuto A., 2015, Fiber Optic Sensor with improved sensitivity for acoustic detection of rockfalls,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 34 (2015): 66–69. doi_10.3301/IJG.2015.39,
DOI: 10.3301%2FIJG.2015.39
Abstract
This short note summarizes the activity about the development and optimization of a fiber optic ...
This short note summarizes the activity about the development and optimization of a fiber optic sensor for ultrasonic acoustic sensing to the aim of rockfall detection. The sensor is described and its viability to rockfall is discussed and experimentally validated. An improved design of the sensor, with double responsivity, is also proposed.
Schenato L., Marcato G., Ahlstedt M., Dwivedi S., Janse Van Vuuren D., Pasuto A., 2015, Crack Monitoring in a Road Tunnel by Plastic Optical Fibre Sensing,
2015 Fotonica AEIT Italian Conference on Photonics Technologies, pp. 1–4, Turin, 6-8 May 2015,
Abstract
In this work, a low cost optical fibre sensing system for concrete cracks assessment inside ...
In this work, a low cost optical fibre sensing system for concrete cracks assessment inside a road tunnel is presented. A plastic optical fibre, with large dynamic strain range is used for sensing cracks. The system exploits a commercially available interrogator capable of estimating integral deformation of the cable via a phase measurement of a RF modulated optical signal.
Lucía A., Comiti F. Borga M., Cavalli M., Marchi L., 2015, Dynamics of large wood during a flash flood in two mountain catchments,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Online) 15 (2015): 1741–1755. doi_10.5194/nhess-15-1741-2015,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fnhess-15-1741-2015
Abstract
Understanding and modelling the dynamics of
large wood (LW) in rivers during flood events has spurred
a ...
Understanding and modelling the dynamics of
large wood (LW) in rivers during flood events has spurred
a great deal of research in recent years. However, few studies
have documented the effect of high-magnitude flash floods
on LW recruitment, transport and deposition. On 25 October
2011, the Magra river basin (north-western Italy) was
hit by an intense rainstorm, with hourly rainfall rates up to
130mmh/1 and event rain accumulations up to 540mm in
8 h. Such large rainfall intensities originated flash floods in
the main river channels and in several tributaries, causing
severe damages and loss of lives. Numerous bridges were
partly or fully clogged by LW jams. A post-flood survey was
carried out along the channels of two catchments that were
severely and similarly affected by this event, the Gravegnola
(34.3 km2) and Pogliaschina (25.1 km2). The analysis highlighted
a very relevant channel widening in many channel
reaches, which was more marked in the Gravegnola basin
due to highly erodible material forming the slopes adjacent
to the fluvial corridor. Large wood recruitment rates were
very high, up to 1270 m3 km-1, and most of it (70-80 %) was
eroded from the floodplains as a consequence of channelwidening
processes, while the rest came from hillslopes processes.
Overall, drainage area and channel slope are the most
relevant controlling variables in explaining the reach-scale
variability of LW recruitment, whereas LW deposition appears
to be more complex, as correlation analysis did not evidence
any statistically significant relationship with the tested
controlling variables. Indeed, in-channel LW displacement
during the flood has been mostly limited by the presence of
bridges, given the relatively large width attained by channels
after the event.
Cavalli M., Crema S., Viero A., Marchi L., 2015, Attività di studio sulle conoidi con sviluppo di una metodologia di raccolta dati e loro applicazione su aree test.,
2015,
Abstract
In accordo con quanto previsto dall'Art. 4 della convenzione tra la Regione del Veneto e ...
In accordo con quanto previsto dall'Art. 4 della convenzione tra la Regione del Veneto e il Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica per "attività di studio sulle conoidi con sviluppo di una metodologia di raccolta dati e loro applicazione su aree test", il presente documento descrive lo stato di avanzamento delle attività.
Il presente rapporto si compone di quattro sezioni_ la sezione 2 introduce le principali classificazioni dei processi torrentizi e descrive i principali approcci per il loro riconoscimento, la sezione 3 descrive e integra la procedura regionale per il riconoscimento della tipologia dei processi attesi ed alla successiva valutazione del grado di pericolosità dei conoidi alluvionali, nella sezione 3 vengono descritte la scheda finalizzata alla raccolta dei dati e delle informazioni necessarie del sistema bacino-conoide per l'applicazione della procedura sviluppata e una prima struttura di database geografico dei conoidi ed, infine, la sezione 4 riporta i risultati ottenuti nell'area test in Provincia di Vicenza.
Brardinoni F., Cavalli M., Heckmann T., Liebault F., Rimbock A., 2015, Guidelines for assessing sediment dynamics in Alpine basins and channel reaches,
2015,
Abstract
The management of Alpine catchments requires the knowledge of sediment
dynamics; it is related to natural ...
The management of Alpine catchments requires the knowledge of sediment
dynamics; it is related to natural hazards and environmental quality, it may
contribute to the infilling of reservoirs, and it is useful for both investigating
the need for and assessing the effectiveness of erosion-control measures.
In natural catchments, and even more so in those affected by human
impacts, sediment transfer is spatially and temporally discontinuous. The
SedAlp project addresses issues of sediment continuity and Work Package
4 (WP4), specifically, aims at evaluating sediment transfer spatially (i.e.,
location of sediment sources, sinks, and pathways) and quantitatively at
the catchment scale. This report collates SedAlp studies related to this
topic, explains the respective methodology, and gives recommendations.
While it does not present an approach to compare catchments with respect
to their sediment dynamics, it outlines a conceptual and methodological
framework that can be a useful basis towards such purposes.
Lenzi M.A., Picco L., Moretto J., Ravazzolo D., Macconi P., Mazzorana B., Vianello A., Cesca M., Brardinoni F., Perina E., Cavalli M., Bodrato G., Del Vesco R., Tresso F., Piégay H., Roux C., Vaudor L., Rusjan S., Kogoj M., D?ebo, E., Bezak, N., Klösch M., Aigner J., Habersack H., Blamauer B., Bizjak A., Papez J., 2015, Sediment management,
2015,
Abstract
This report provides the results of Work Package 7 (WP7). WP7 focuses on the integration ...
This report provides the results of Work Package 7 (WP7). WP7 focuses on the integration of
methodological approaches across scales and provides guidelines for policy development in
the context of sediment and large wood management.
Two guidelines with methodological explanations and good practice examples are provided
as expected output of this WP. The contents of the first guideline are the estimation of
sediment budget and scenarios determination to be used for flood mitigation in Alpine
basins. The identification of morphological impacts related to hydropower plants and gravel
extraction is dealt with in the second guideline.
Sediment budget analysis consists in the evaluation of fluxes, sources and sinks from
different processes. Different factors influence sediment and wood transport and need to be
carefully evaluated within specific spatial and temporal scales. Correct approaches and tools
to estimate sediment and wood budget that consider the river reach of interest, with its
specific basin and channel processes in order to evaluate the availability of transportable
material are focused on in the first guideline.
Sediment mobility ranges from bedload (mountain and foothill reaches) to
hyperconcentrated and debris flows (mountain reaches). Wood, is instead mainly delivered
by floating, bank erosion processes and landslides. Different scenarios concerning the
interaction with structures, sediment continuity, torrent-control strategies for sediment
erosion and debris flows in relation to an efficient structure design are dealt with in the
second part of the first guideline. In addition, sediment retention management and policy
are discussed to highlight recent trends in the regulatory instruments.
Dams represent one of the most significant human interventions in the hydrological cycle.
Dams and reservoirs are built and operated for several purposes such as power generation,
flood protection, drinking water or agricultural water supply, recreation, fishing, and others.
The construction of a dam results in discontinuities to the river continuum; their presence
can strongly interact with the sediment continuity from the upper parts of the basin to the
area downstream of dams.
While the 20th century focused on dam construction, the 21st will focus on sustaining the
function of existing infrastructure as it becomes increasingly affected by sedimentation. The
objective of sediment management is to manipulate the river-reservoir system to achieve
sediment balance while retaining as much beneficial storage as possible, and minimizing
environmental impacts and socioeconomic costs.
Procedures for the identification of morphological impacts related to hydropower plants and
gravel extraction are provided in the second guideline. The first part of the guideline is
focused on reservoir sediment management plans and proposals for management
improvement. Indicators for the evaluation of fluviomorphological impacts due to sediment
removal or sediment supply reduction are presented in the second part of this guideline.
Finally, recommendations and implications for policy, practitioners and for research are
provided for both guidelines.
Coccon, Francesca; Zucchetta, Matteo; Bossi, Giulia; Borrotti, Matteo; Torricelli, Patrizia; Franzoi, Piero, 2015, A Land-Use Perspective for Birdstrike Risk Assessment_ The Attraction Risk Index.,
PloS one 10 (2015): e0128363. doi_10.1371/journal.pone.0128363,
DOI: 10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0128363
Abstract
Collisions between aircraft and birds, birdstrikes, pose a serious threat to aviation safety. The occurrence ...
Collisions between aircraft and birds, birdstrikes, pose a serious threat to aviation safety. The occurrence of these events is influenced by land-uses in the surroundings of airports. Airports located in the same region might have different trends for birdstrike risk, due to differences in the surrounding habitats. Here we developed a quantitative tool that assesses the risk of birdstrike based on the habitats within a 13-km buffer from the airport. For this purpose, we developed Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) with binomial distribution to estimate the contribution of habitats to wildlife use of the study area, depending on season. These GLMs predictions were combined to the flight altitude of birds within the 13-km buffer, the airport traffic pattern and the severity indices associated with impacts. Our approach was developed at Venice Marco Polo International airport (VCE), located in northeast Italy and then tested at Treviso Antonio Canova International airport (TSF), which is 20 km inland. Results from the two airports revealed that both the surrounding habitats and the season had a significant influence to the pattern of risk. With regard to VCE, agricultural fields, wetlands and urban areas contributed most to the presence of birds in the study area. Furthermore, the key role of distance of land-uses from the airport on the probability of presence of birds was highlighted. The reliability of developed risk index was demonstrated since at VCE it was significantly correlated with bird strike rate. This study emphasizes the importance of the territory near airports and the wildlife use of its habitats, as factors in need of consideration for birdstrike risk assessment procedures. Information on the contribution of habitats in attracting birds, depending on season, can be used by airport managers and local authorities to plan specific interventions in the study area in order to lower the risk.
L. Marchi
M. Cavalli
S. Trevisani, 2015, Hypsometric analysis of headwater rock basins in the Dolomites (Eastern Alps) using high-resolution topography,
Geografiska annaler. Series A, Physical Geography (Print) 97 (2015): 317–335. doi_10.1111/geoa.12067,
DOI: 10.1111%2Fgeoa.12067
Abstract
Hypsometric curves and integrals are effective
tools for rapid quantitative assessments of topography. High-resolution
digital terrain models ...
Hypsometric curves and integrals are effective
tools for rapid quantitative assessments of topography. High-resolution
digital terrain models derived from airborne
LiDAR data have been analysed to study the hypsometry of
small headwater rock basins (drainage areas up to 0.13 km2)
in three study areas in the Dolomites (Eastern Alps) that have
similar lithologies and climatic conditions. Hypsometric
curves in the studied rocky headwaters display a variety of
shapes and present remarkable differences between neighbouring
basins. Hypsometric integrals show generally high
values in the three study areas (>0.42, mean values between
0.51 and 0.65). The extent of the scree slopes located at the
foot of rock basins in the three study areas is larger in the
area with lower hypsometric integrals and indicates consistency
between the development of basin erosion, which is
shown by the hypsometric integral, and debris yield, represented
by the extent of scree slope. No clear relations were
observed between the hypsometric integrals and basin area
and shape. When extending the analysis to larger basins,
which encompass rocky headwaters and downslope soilmantled
slopes, a negative correlation is found between the
hypsometric integral and catchment area, suggesting that the
scale independency of the hypsometric integral occurs essentially
in headwater rock basins. Geomorphometric indices
(residual relief and surface roughness) have contributed to
interpreting the variability of surface morphology, which is
related to the geo-structural complexity of the catchments.
Bossi G., Borgatti L., Mantovani M., Marcato G., Gottardi G., Pasuto A., 2015, Lithological variability of the Mortisa landslide body_ assessing geomorphological evolution and numerical modelling through a stochastic approach,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 30 (2015): 54–57. doi_10.33.01/ROL.2015.3,
DOI: 10.33.01%2FROL.2015.3
Abstract
The Mortisa landslide is located in the urban area of Cortina d'Ampezzo, north-east Italy. The ...
The Mortisa landslide is located in the urban area of Cortina d'Ampezzo, north-east Italy. The landslide unit consists of three mudslides; the affected area is 3500 m long, stretching from 1750 to 1300 m a.s.l. The landslide has been investigated since 1998 as its track crosses a national route and some buildings have been severely damaged by the movements.
Through radiocarbon dating it was possible to reconstruct the dynamic of the events that led to the formation of the present-day Mortisa slope. The landslide body is composed by interdigitated layers of gravel in a silty clay matrix originated from subsequent earth and debris flows events since the Lateglacial.
To assess the stability conditions of the Mortisa landslide via numerical modelling it is crucial to consider the mechanical influence of the gravel lenses in the dynamic of the whole landslide body. However, their position is almost unknown inside the clay matrix with just some certain positions, where stratigraphic data are available. Therefore, in order to calibrate the model on the monitoring data through back analysis, a new procedure has been implemented. A new code permits to generate stochastically several soil configurations which are automatically elaborated by the commercial software FLAC. The results are organized and filtered based on the monitoring data, hence it is possible to select the model that fits the data best. In this way it it possible to obtain a sound back-analysis model of the Mortisa landslide, to be used in order to design countermeasure works and mitigate the risk associated with the phenomenon.
E. I. Nikolopoulos, M. Borga, F. Marra, S. Crema, and L. Marchi, 2015, Debris flows in the eastern Italian Alps_ seasonality and atmospheric circulation patterns,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Online) 15 (2015): 647–656. doi_10.5194/nhess-15-647-2015,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fnhess-15-647-2015
Abstract
The work examines the seasonality and large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns associated with debris-flow occurrence in ...
The work examines the seasonality and large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns associated with debris-flow occurrence in the Trentino-Alto Adige region (eastern Italian Alps). Analysis is based on classification algorithms applied to a uniquely dense archive of debris flows and hourly rain gauge precipitation series covering the period 2000-2009. Results highlight the seasonal and synoptic forcing patterns linked to debris flows in the study area. Summer and fall season account for 92% of the debris flows in the record, while atmospheric circulation characterized by zonal west, mixed and meridional south and southeast (SE-S) patterns account for 80%. Both seasonal and circulation patterns exhibit geographical preference. In the case of seasonality, there is a strong north-south separation of summer-fall dominance, while spatial distribution of dominant circulation patterns exhibits clustering, with both zonal west and mixed patterns prevailing in the northwest and central east part of the region, while the southern part relates to meridional south and southeast pattern. Seasonal and synoptic pattern dependence is pronounced also on the debris-flow-triggering rainfall properties. Examination of rainfall intensity-duration thresholds derived for different data classes (according to season and synoptic pattern) revealed a distinct variability in estimated thresholds. These findings imply a certain control on debris-flow events and can therefore be used to improve existing alert systems.
Crema Stefano, Schenato Luca, Goldin Beatrice, Marchi Lorenzo, Cavalli Marco, 2015, Toward the development of a stand-alone application for the assessment of sediment connectivity,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 34 (2015): 58–61. doi_10.3301/ROL.2015.37,
DOI: 10.3301%2FROL.2015.37
Abstract
The role of sediment connectivity in controlling sediment fluxes, in particular between sediment sources and ...
The role of sediment connectivity in controlling sediment fluxes, in particular between sediment sources and downstream areas, is a key issue in the study of sediment transfer processes. In mountain catchments, in which the degree of hillslope-channel coupling and decoupling is controlled by the rugged morphology and the distribution of sediment sources, the assessment of connectivity patterns is especially useful for
giving watershed management priorities. In this work, the authors present the ongoing development and the first-stage testing phase of a free, open source and stand-alone application for the computation of the Index of Connectivity (IC), as expressed in Cavalli et al. (2013). The tool is intended to have a wide variety of users, both from the scientific
community and from the authorities involved in the environmental planning. Due to its open source nature, the tool can be modified and/or integrated according to the users requirements. Being also a stand-alone, easy-to-use application, the tool can help management authorities in the quantitative estimation of sediment connectivity in the framework of hazard and risk assessment. First results of the testing phase are encouraging since the modelled connectivity appears suitable to detect the
potential for the sediment to reach specific targets areas such as the main channel network.
Arattano M.1, Bertoldi G.4, Cavalli M.2, Comiti F.3, D'Agostino V.4, Theule, J.3, 2015, Comparison of methods and procedures for debris-flow volume estimation,
Engineering Geology for Society and Territory, pp. 115–119, Torino, Settembre 2014,
Abstract
The estimation of debris-flow volume is a fundamental task for the design of any hazard ...
The estimation of debris-flow volume is a fundamental task for the design of any hazard mitigation intervention in a mountain channel. The estimation may be carried out before the occurrence of a debris flow through methodologies aimed at assessing the debris potential in the basin. It can be carried out through instrumentation deployed along the torrent (stage sensors, geophones, etc.). Finally, volume estimation may be performed after the occurrence of the phenomenon, surveying the deposits left in the channel, in a possible retention basin or on the fan. The surveys can be carried out through a conventional topographic survey, through a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), by photogrammetric techniques, etc.. Each method delivers approximated results, due to different reasons. A systematic comparison of the results of these different estimation procedures, carried out simultaneously in the same catchment, might help to better understand their advantages and limitations, to improve their output and to validate and standardize the respective methodologies. An European Territorial Cooperation project, named SedAlp, has been recently funded by the Alpine Space programme. An important focus of the project is on methods and data collection on sediment transport. In this context, one of the activities that is taking place in a pilot area consists in the comparison of the different methods and procedures for debris-flow volume estimation.
Devoto, Stefano; Mantovani, Matteo; Pasuto, Alessandro; Piacentini, Daniela; Soldati, Mauro, 2015, Long-term monitoring to support landslide inventory maps_ The case of the north-western coast of the island of Malta,
, pp. 1307–1310. CH-6330 Cham (ZG): Springer International Publishing, 2015,
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to show the results of 8 years of research ...
The aim of this paper is to show the results of 8 years of research activities carried on the north-western coast of the Island of Malta, with particular reference to the outputs of monitoring and interferometric analysis as a support for the implementation of a landslide inventory. The study area is characterized by the presence of limestones overlapping clayey terrains, thus favoring the presence of large rock spreading phenomena, which often evolve into block slides. Field surveys resulted in approximately 86 landslides, distributed between the coastline and structural cliffs which flank limestone plateaus. In order to support geomorphological investigations, a GPS (Global Position System) monitoring network was deployed over two coastal sites. Slow rates of surface deformations varying from few millimeters per year to some centimeters per year were recorded. Since the extension of the GPS network over the entire north-western coast and for such a high number of landslides is not feasible in terms of cost-benefit relations, we applied PSI (Persistent Scatterers Interferometry) to validate the geomorphological map. DinSAR data analysis confirmed the displacement rates measured by the GPS monitoring network and provided useful information about the style of activity of a large number of landslides affecting the north-western coastline of Malta. The outcomes supported the satisfactory capabilities of an integrated approach, which coupled conventional geomorphological procedures with monitoring techniques to bring out an exhaustive landslide inventory, even for slow or very slow mass movements, essential for related hazard assessment.
Brunetti M.T., Peruccacci S., Antronico L., Bartolini D., Deganutti A.M., Gariano S.L., Iovine G., Luciani S., Luino F., Melillo M., Palladino M.R., Parise M., Rossi M., Turconi L., Vennari C., Vessia G., Viero A., Guzzetti F., 2015, Catalogue of Rainfall Events with Shallow Landslides and New Rainfall Thresholds in Italy,
Engineering Geology for Society and Territory, pp. 1575–1579, 2015,
Blasone G., Cavalli M., Cazorzi F., 2015, Debris-Flow Monitoring and Geomorphic Change Detection Combining Laser Scanning and Fast Photogrammetric Surveys in the Moscardo Catchment (Eastern Italian Alps),
Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 3 River Basins, Reservoir Sedimentation and Water Resources, edited by Lollino G., Arattano M., Rinaldi M., Giustolisi O., Marechal J., Grant, G. E., pp. 51–54, 2015,
Abstract
Monitoring debris-flow prone catchments and collecting field data is of extreme importance
for improving the knowledge ...
Monitoring debris-flow prone catchments and collecting field data is of extreme importance
for improving the knowledge and therefore the management of such hazardous phenomena.
High-resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) have recently established as an important
tool for the study of geo-hydrological and geomorphological processes. Monitoring surface
changes over time allows to analyze sediment dynamics from several points of view, ranging
from the accounting of volumetric changes to numerical modeling, to the correlation of
morphometric indexes with different components of geo-hydrological processes. The present
study examines the Moscardo Torrent, a small alpine stream in the Eastern Italian Alps which
is characterized by a high occurrence of debris flows. The original monitoring instrumentation,
which made it possible to record hydrographs of 15 debris-flow events in the years 1989-
1998, was renewed, allowing to record three debris flows in the years 2011-2012. Surface
morphology of three areas exposed to debris-flow dynamics was surveyed across the recorded
debris-flow events by means of Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), and 0.2 m DEMs of
Differences (DoDs) were calculated. During the third TLS campaign, close-range digital
photogrammetric images were acquired in order to directly compare 3D surface representation
with the high-resolution DEMs derived by TLS.
Lucia A., Comiti F., Borga M., Cavalli M., Marchi L., 2015, Large Wood Recruitment and Transport During a Severe Flash Flood in North-Western Italy,
Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 3 River Basins, Reservoir Sedimentation and Water Resources, edited by Lollino G., Arattano M., Rinaldi M., Giustolisi O., Marechal J., Grant, G. E., pp. 159–162, 2015,
Abstract
On October 25th 2011, the Magra river basin (North-western Italy) was hit by an extreme
meteorological ...
On October 25th 2011, the Magra river basin (North-western Italy) was hit by an extreme
meteorological event, with hourly rainfall rates up to 130 mm h-1 and event rain
accumulations up to 540 mm. Such large rainfall intensities originated flash floods in the
main river channels and in some of the tributaries, causing severe damages and loss of lives.
Numerous bridges were partly or fully clogged by large wood (LW) jams. A post-flood survey
was carried out along the channels of two catchments that were severely and similarly affected
by this event_ Gravegnola (34.3 km2) and Pogliaschina (25.1 km2). The results obtained show
an important change in the morphology of the channels, which width increased on average 10
and 3 times respectively in the two catchments. Large wood recruitment rates are very high, up
to 1,270 m3/km, and most of it (70-80 %) is eroded from the floodplains, while the rest come
from the slopes. Despite the variability observed, large wood dynamics seems to be related to
the channel morphology. The lessons learned from this event may be useful for a management
of mountain catchments which should explicitly take into account the crucial role of LW
during extreme events, especially for its interaction with bridges.
Lucia A., Antonello A., Campana D., Cavalli M., Crema S., Franceschi S., Marchese E., Niedrist M., Schneiderbauer S., Comiti F., 2015, Monitoring and modeling Large Wood recruitment and transport in a Mountain basin of North-Eastern Italy,
IAEG XII CONGRESS, pp. 155–158, Torino, 15-19 Settembre 2014,
Abstract
An integrated investigation based on field surveys and GIS modeling is being carried out in ...
An integrated investigation based on field surveys and GIS modeling is being carried out in the Rienz basin (630 km2, Eastern Italian Alps), to predict large wood (LW) recruitment and transport during large flood events. Mobility and transport distance of LW elements of different size is being monitored through repeated surveys of tagged logs in different reaches of the main Rienz River and in one of its tributaries, the Brunst Creek (11.3 km2). Preliminary results show both mobility and displacement length seem to be highly influence by channel morphology characteristics rather than by hydraulic variables. Potential LW deriving from unstable slopes connected to the channel network is predicted using the SHALSTAB model coupled to a GIS-based connectivity index. Connected LW volumes from the slopes, summed to LW erodible within the river corridors, are then routed through the stream network applying simple Boolean transport conditions.
Schenato L., Marcato G., Bossi G., Pasuto A., Dwivedi S., Janse Van Vuuren D., Ahlstedt M., 2015, Low Cost Sensing System For Long-Term Monitoring of Cracks in Concrete Structures,
The 24th International Conference on Plastic Optical Fibers, pp. 189–193, Nuremberg, 22-24 Sept. 2015,
Abstract
Plastic optical fibre sensing of active cracks in a concrete tunnel is presented in this ...
Plastic optical fibre sensing of active cracks in a concrete tunnel is presented in this work. The characteristics features of plastic optical fibres in sensing applications, such as large deformation range, ruggedness and easiness of handling are exploited to enable an optical fibre sensing system for long-term crack monitoring, with the aim of assessing the deterioration of the structure. The strain exerted on the fibre is interrogated by means of a low cost commercially available interrogator capable of measuring the cumulated deformation induced on the plastic optical fibre by the crack opening. Practical issues, like fibre anchoring, temperature compensation and system network integration are addressed and data collected on the field are presented.
Bossi, Giulia, Giacomo Tedesco, Luca Schenato, Gianluca Marcato,, 2014, Four Years Monitoring Experience of Displacements induced by a Large Landslide in a Tunnel Serving a National Road,
XII IAEG Congress - Engineering Geology for a Sustainable World, San Francisco, California, USA, September 15-23, 2018,
Abstract
n Passo della Morte, UD (46° 23%39;49 "N, 12° 42%39;51" E), in
North East Italy, the ...
n Passo della Morte, UD (46° 23%39;49 "N, 12° 42%39;51" E), in
North East Italy, the National Route SS52 across a mountain ridge
through a 2200 m long tunnel. However, the presence of a 24*106
m3 block-slide that is intersected by the tunnel, causes problems to
the infrastructure management since its first stages of construction
(1992-2008). This work describes the Structural Health Monitoring
system that controls since 2014 the crack pattern of the portion of
the gallery mainly affected by landslide's slip surface activity. The monitoring
system within the tunnel encompasses 4 bi-axial clinometers,
24 crackmeters, and a low-cost plastic optical fiber sensor plastic.
Along, two thin plate weirs allow to measure the discharge of the
internal drainage system of the tunnel while outside, on the surface,
GNS benchmarks, in-place inclinometers and piezometers gather realtime
data on the landslide dynamic. On the base of the four years
monitoring experience, a simplified static scheme that accounts for
the evolution of the crack with respect of the landslide displacements
and allows defining a damage prognosis (DP) for the tunnel, is presented.
The results will be used for the design of the most appropriate
and effective mitigation measures to reduce the progression of
damage within the tunnel. Meanwhile, the monitoring system acts like
a non-structural mitigation measure assessing in real-time the structural
status of the tunnel, supporting the infrastructure management in
assessing each day the safety for road transit and giving indications
for the drafting of maintenance protocols.
Borselli L., Vigiak O., Cavalli M., Ortiz Rodrigues A. J., 2014, Using connectivity to assess soil erosion and mass movement processes in the landscape_ applications and discussion of a new paradigm.,
CONNECTEUR - Scientific Kickoff Meeting (COST Action ES 1306), Wageningen (Olanda), 24-26 agosto 2014,
Abstract
Hydrologic and sedimentological connectivity concepts recently appeared as novel paradigms (Bracken and Croke, 2007) and ...
Hydrologic and sedimentological connectivity concepts recently appeared as novel paradigms (Bracken and Croke, 2007) and tools to assess soil erosion at various scales. The landscape flow connectivity index IC (Borselli et al. 2007, 2008) is based on the ratio of hydrological distance to streams with the potential upstream runoff occurrence, hence it allows mapping surface runoff connectivity and erosion across the landscape. After its first introduction, several studies applied the IC algorithm in very different geographic regions and territorial scale_ 150 km2 watershed in Tuscany (Italy; Borselli et al. 2007, 2008); 20 small catchments (5 to 350 ha) in Murcia (Spain; Sougnez et al. 2011); 400 km2 watershed in Basilicata (South Italy; Borselli et al. 2011); 3300 km2 watershed in Victoria (Australia; Vigiak et al. 2012); 6 and 8 km2 watersheds in the Italian Alps (Cavalli et al., 2013); 74 ha catchment in Spanish Pre-Pyrenees (López-Vicente et al. 2013). Meanwhile, the IC index has been adapted for application to different erosion processes, i.e. hillslope erosion (Vigiak et al. 2012; López-Vicente et al. 2013), sediment remobilization by shallow landslides (Borselli et al. 2011), and debris flow (Cavalli et al 2013). Validation of IC index applications in spatially distributed erosion models has been conducted with field observations at hillslope scale, calibration against sediment yield estimates at several monitoring stations. These scientific results highlight the promising potential application of IC concept for erosion and shallow mass movement modelling . In this session, the IC model with a set of its proposed variants will be described. Future work perspectives, including potential developments of IC approach as an alternative method to classical soil erosion modelling, will be discussed.
Cavalli Marco, 2014, Analisi della connettività del sedimento in ambito montano,
Convegno - Val Maira_ tre progetti per un'unica valle, San Damiano (CN), 16-17 ottobre 2014,
Abstract
Analisi della connettività del sedimento in ambito montano ...
Analisi della connettività del sedimento in ambito montano
Marcato, G., Bossi, G., Schenato, L.,, 2014, Cross fertilization in Geoscience_ the contribution of ICT to enhance resilience by web-assisted geohazard monitoring for road infrastructures.,
International Conference, Analysis and Management of Changing Risks for Natural Hazards, Padova, 18-19 November 2014,
Abstract
Non-structural mitigation measures, such as monitoring systems, are broadly used for risk reduction as their ...
Non-structural mitigation measures, such as monitoring systems, are broadly used for risk reduction as their impact on the environment and on the vulnerable elements is quite low. However the need for a proper framework to organize, analyse and share data increases when the amount of information gathered from the monitoring network scales. To this aim ICT (Information and Communication Technology) becomes crucial to handle data, automatically identify failures of the system and to enable advance data analysis by a clear and user friendly representation of the monitoring data. In this framework, we implemented an integrated system in a road tunnel located in Passo della Morte (UD) that serves a National Road. A section of 300 m of the tunnel intersect a 24 million m3 rock slide and the slow but unremitting movements of the landslide induce tension cracks inside the tunnel near the sliding surface. To mitigate the hazard of sudden collapse of small portions of the crown of the structure and to monitor the whole phenomenon a system consisting of 8 clinometers and 24 crackmeters has been deployed. Every element of the monitoring system is now accessible through a user friendly web-based platform which allows researchers and the infrastructure manager to analyse data in real time. Moreover, the data is gathered and aggregated automatically by the system, that provides also alert if communication is lost. An optical fiber sensing system is going to be deployed in the following months_ it will provide measures measurements of cumulative strain in large areas of the tunnel ceiling. Redundancy, scalability and integration of different types of sensors in the monitoring system, along with proper data handling, are the keys for an improved overall robustness of complex monitoring system. Ultimately, in the Passo della Morte road tunnel context or, in general, when fundamental infrastructures need to cross hazardous areas, resilience may come from real-time constant monitoring, and the associated in-depth knowledge of the phenomenon that such a monitoring definitely provides.
Ciurean, R.L, Chen, L., Hussin, H., van Westen, C., Glade, T., Frigerio, S., Pasuto, A.,, 2014, Quantitative vulnerability assessment of buildings to debris-flows in Fella River Basin using run-out modeling and damage data from the 29th of August 2003 event.,
Analysis and Management of Changing Risks for Natural Hazards, Padova (Italy), 18-19 novembre 2014,
Abstract
Extreme rainfall events trigger floods and debris flows with considerable consequences in mountain regions worldwide. ...
Extreme rainfall events trigger floods and debris flows with considerable consequences in mountain regions worldwide. The reduction of possible human and material losses is dependent on the assessment of risks as well as design and implementation of effective reduction strategies. These in turn rely not only on the analysis of the magnitude and frequency of the harmful events but also on the comprehensive evaluation of exposed elements and their vulnerability. Vulnerability is defined as the degree of loss to a given element or set of elements at risk resulting from the occurrence of a hazard of a given magnitude in a given area, expressed as a percentage of loss (between 0_ no damage, to 1_ total damage) (Varnes, 1984). Although, conceptual frameworks for quantitative vulnerability estimations have been developed (Papathoma-Köhle et al., 2011), including more recent studies on uncertainty analysis (Eidsvig et al., 2014, Totschnig and Fuchs, 2013, Kaynia et al., 2008), there is still a great need for advancing methodologies in areas where they are essential for risk mitigation investments and improved decision-making. This study aims to develop a set of vulnerability curves for buildings impacted by debris flows in the Fella River Basin (Eastern Italian Alps). The area experienced a major rainfall event in August 2003 which triggered more than a thousand debris flows resulting in significant economic losses and two casualties. Two methodological approaches are applied for the estimation of process intensities_ one based on dynamic run-out modeling (regional scale), and another based on interpretation of aerial and photographic documentation (local scale). The results are compared with damage values estimated shortly after the event, as well as vulnerability curves from the literature. Asset characteristics are collected through field work and desktop mapping, and population distribution and value for each building is calculated based on census and real estate data. The obtained vulnerability curves together with population distribution and building monetary value are subsequently used in an exposure and risk analysis at regional scale in Fella River Basin.
Ghinoi, A., Freddi, R., Pasuto, A., Soldati, M., 2014, Geomorphological analysis of the historic landslide of Sottrù (Badia Valley, Italy) reactivated on December 13, 2012.,
Analysis and Management of Changing Risks for Natural Hazards, Padova, 18-19 novembre 2014,
Abstract
The Sottrù landslide, located in the Upper Badia Valley (Dolomites, Italy), is a historic
landslide that ...
The Sottrù landslide, located in the Upper Badia Valley (Dolomites, Italy), is a historic
landslide that reactivated in December 2012, destroying a few houses, cutting two roads and
almost damming the Gadera torrent. The previous known event dates back to June 1821,
which took place after persistent rainfall and snow melting. What strikes the most is that the
2012 event occurred during an unusual season for landslides in the study area, while its
spatial extent appears to be quite similar to that of the 1821 event. During summer 2014, a
detailed geomorphological survey has been performed, aiming at identifying the instability
causes, mapping the landslide in detail and investigating the hydrological and
hydrogeological characteristics of the slope, within a wider geomorphological framework,
comprehensive of the surrounding slopes. The survey, integrated with the analysis and
comparison of pre- and post-2012-event morphological features and with the analysis of local
meteorological time series, has led to a preliminary interpretation of the movement type and
style of activity and to define the role of sub-surface drainage in the sliding process. Possible
triggering mechanisms have been investigated.
GENEVOIS R., TECCA P.R., 2014, Debris flow hazard evaluation and mitigation measures in Cortina d’Ampezzo (North-Eastern Italy).,
IIIth International Conference Debris Flows_ Disasters, Risk, Forecast, Protection, pp. 69–73, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, rUSSIA, 22-26 September 2014,
Abstract
An active debris flow scree seriously threatens the urbanized area of Fiames, near Cortina d'Ampezzo ...
An active debris flow scree seriously threatens the urbanized area of Fiames, near Cortina d'Ampezzo (Dolomites, Italy) and the state road; events up to 30.000 m3 occurred with an almost yearly frequency. Following a 25.000 m3 magnitude debris flow that temporarily dammed the river, a retention basin with a storage capacity of about 15000 m3, was built upstream the state road in 1997. In this study, the effectiveness of the debris basin has been evaluated and new mitigation measures are proposed, regarding to the magnitude of the design debris flow (30000 m3) and the associated hazard and risk.
Lorenzo Marchi, Marco Cavalli, Beatrice Goldin, 2014, Final report – contribution of CNR IRPI,
2014,
Arattano M.1, Bertoldi G.4, Cavalli M.2, Comiti F.3, D'Agostino V.4, Theule, J.3, 2014, Comparison of methods and procedures for debris-flow volume estimation,
xii iaeg iNTERNATIONAL cONGRESS, TORINO, Settembre 2014,
Abstract
The estimation of debris-flow magnitude (i.e. volume) is a fundamental task for the design of ...
The estimation of debris-flow magnitude (i.e. volume) is a fundamental task for the design of any hazard mitigation intervention in a mountain channel. The esti-mation may be carried out before the occurrence of a debris flow through methodologies aimed at assessing the debris potential in the basin. It can be carried out through instrumentation deployed along the torrent (radar sensors, ultrasonic sensors, geophones, etc.). Finally, volume estimation may be performed after the occurrence of the phenomenon, surveying the deposits left by the debris flow in the channel, in a possible retention basin or on the fan. The surveys can be carried out through a conventional topographic survey, through a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), by photogrammetric techniques, etc.. Each of them delivers approximated results, due to different reasons. A systematic comparison of the results of these different estimation procedures, carried out simultaneously in the same catchment, might help to better understand their advantages and limitations, to improve their output and to validate and standardize the respective methodologies. An European Territorial Cooperation project, named "Sediment management in Alpine basins_ integrating sediment continuum, risk mitigation and hydropower" (SedAlp), has been recently funded by the Alpine Space programme. An important focus of Sedalp project is on methods and data collection on sediment transport. In this context, one of the activities that is taking place in the pilot area of the Gadria basin (Eastern Italian Alps), consists in the comparison of the different methods and procedures for debris-flow volume esti-mation.
Garcia, C., Blahut, J., Angignard, M., Pasuto, A.,, 2014, The Importance of the Lessons Learnt from Past Disasters for Risk Assessment.,
Mountain Risks_ from Prediction to Management and Governance, pp. 275–284. Dordrecht_ Springer Science+Business Media, 2014,
Frigerio, Simone; Schenato, Luca; Bossi, Giulia; Cavalli, Marco; Crema, Stefano; Mantovani, Matteo; Marcato, Gianluca; Pasuto, Alessandro, 2014, Landslide monitoring with an integrated platform_ Methodology, design and case study,
Rendiconti online Società Geologica Italiana 30 (2014): 24–27. doi_10.3301/ROL.2014.06,
DOI: 10.3301%2FROL.2014.06
Schenato L., Palmieri L., Autizi E., Galtarossa A., Pasuto A., 2014, Improving the sensitivity of an interferometric fiber optic sensor for acoustic detection in rockfalls,
Optical Sensors, 2014, Barcelona (SP), July 2014,
Abstract
Optimization of an interferometric fiber optic sensor for ultrasonic acoustic detection in rockfall monitoring is ...
Optimization of an interferometric fiber optic sensor for ultrasonic acoustic detection in rockfall monitoring is addressed. The optimized sensor employs a polyimide coated fiber and improved design with an almost doubled acoustic sensitivity.
Pasuto A., 2014, Deep-seated Gravitation Slope Deformations and large-volume landslides_ hazard implications and monitoring experiences,
International Workshop on Large-scale Landslides, Tainan (Taiwan), 1st October 2014,
Bersan S., Schenato L., Rajendran A., Palmieri L., Cola S., Pasuto A., Simonini P., 2014, Application of a high resolution Distributed Temperature Sensor in a physical model reproducing subsurface water flow,
20th IMEKO TC4 Symposium on Measurements of Electrical Quantities_ Research on Electrical and Electronic Measurement for the Economic Upturn, pp. 216–220, Benevento, 15-17 Sept 2014,
Abstract
A distributed temperature optical fibre sensors system with a sub-centimetre spatial resolution has been incorporated ...
A distributed temperature optical fibre sensors system with a sub-centimetre spatial resolution has been incorporated in a sand-box model. Its function is monitoring the temperature field induced in the sand by a horizontal water flow with inflowing water maintained at a constant temperature higher than the room temperature. The setup has been designed to investigate the variations of the temperature field induced by internal erosion in a dike. The paper presents preliminary results concerning heat transfer in the intact sample, before internal erosion is triggered. The results show that, with the sensing system adopted, temperature mapping in a soil sample can be obtained with such a richness of detail which is not comparable with that achieved adopting a system of pointwise sensors.
Simone Frigerio, , Luca Schenato, Giulia Bossi, Marco Cavalli, Matteo Mantovani, Gianluca Marcato, Alessandro Pasuto, 2014, A web-based platform for automatic and continuous landslide monitoring_ The Rotolon (Eastern Italian Alps) case study,
Computers & geosciences 63 (2014): 96–105. doi_10.1016/j.cageo.2013.10.015,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2013.10.015
Abstract
In the Small Dolomites group (Eastern Italian Alps), the Rotolon catchment is affected by a ...
In the Small Dolomites group (Eastern Italian Alps), the Rotolon catchment is affected by a landslide that historically threatened the nearby village of Recoaro Terme. After the last re-activation on November 2010, the need to deploy devices to monitor deformations on the unstable slope became of paramount importance. This paper deals with the methodology, the techniques and the integrated services adopted for the design and the realization of a web-based platform for automatic and continuous monitoring of the Rotolon landslide. The choice of a web environment simplifies data collection, while a remote control permits technical maintenance and calibration on instruments and sensors in the field. Data management is straightforward on a single server, with the dataset being continuously updated. There is a user-friendly web interface which allows a practical up-to-date solution for decision-makers. This web-based monitoring platform represents the first step in the implementation of a complete early warning system.
Stefano Crema, Luca Schenato, Beatrice Goldin, Lorenzo Marchi, Marco Cavalli, 2014, A free tool integrating GIS features and workflows to evaluate sediment connectivity in alpine catchments,
EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna (Austria), 27 April - 2 May 2014,
Abstract
The increased interest in sediment connectivity has brought the geomorphologists' community to focus on sediment
fluxes ...
The increased interest in sediment connectivity has brought the geomorphologists' community to focus on sediment
fluxes as a key process (Cavalli et al., 2013; Heckmann and Schwanghart, 2013). The challenge of dealing
with erosion-related processes in alpine catchments is of primary relevance for different fields of investigations
and applications, including, but not limited to natural hazards, hydraulic structures design, ecology and stream
restoration.
The present work focuses on the development of a free tool for sediment connectivity assessment as described in
Cavalli et al. (2013), introducing some novel improvements.
The choice of going for a free software is motivated by the need of widening the access and improving participation
beyond the restrictions on algorithms customization, typical of commercial software.
A couple of features further enhance the tool_
o being completely free and adopting a user-friendly interface, its target audience includes researchers and
stakeholders (e.g., local managers and civil protection authorities in charge of planning the priorities of
intervention in the territory),
o being written in Python programming language, it can benefit from optimized algorithms for high-resolution
DEMs (Digital Elevation Models) handling and for propagation workflows implementation; these two factors
make the tool computationally competitive with the most recent commercial GIS products.
The overall goal of this tool is supporting the analysis of sediment connectivity, facing the challenge of widening,
as much as possible, the users' community among scientists and stakeholders. This aspect is crucial, as future
improvement of this tool will benefit of feedbacks from users in order to improve the quantitative assessment of
sediment connectivity as a major input information for the optimal management of mountain areas.
Cola S., Gabrieli F., Marcato G., Pasuto A., Simonini P, 2014, Monitoring of the Tessina landslide in the Italian Alps to improve prediction criteria,
IS GEOHAZARDS_ SCIENCE, ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT, 20-21 November 2014 Kathmandu, Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal, 20-21 november 2014,
V. Juliette Cortes; Simone Frigerio; Luca Schenato; Simone Sterlacchini; Thom Bogaard; Alessandro Pasuto, 2014, Validation of data collected by volunteers exploiting an inspection form in a mobile application,
EGU General Assembly 2014, Vienna, 27 April - 02 May 2014,
Abstract
Citizen science typically involves trained volunteers on monitoring and management activities to support
researchers and risk ...
Citizen science typically involves trained volunteers on monitoring and management activities to support
researchers and risk managers on their understanding of the territory and hazard-related processes. From the
technical perspective, survey tools are systematically tested and adapted according to quality requirements
and management needs. Moreover, there is an explosive growth in the usage of mobile applications to guide
participants and to collect citizen-information. However, the usability of such applications should have more
attention in order to collect useful information for decision-making and to address the diversity of citizen
volunteers that may get involved. This study aims at the inspection of the functional status of hydraulic structures
with trained-citizens. To that end, we are testing a prototype mobile application in the framework of prevention
activities promoted by the civil protection and technical services of the Friuli-Venezia-Giulia. Methods include an
exercise of data collection and a learning session to guide participants on how to inspect the structures and use the
mobile application. In order to validate data collected by volunteers, some participants carry out the inspection
without attending the learning session. Then, we get an indication about the usability of the prototype mobile
application while looking among other aspects at the effectiveness, memorability and user satisfaction. Finally,
we use the evaluation of data collected, general perceptions and potential problems discovered during this study
to provide recommendations in order to improve the survey protocols.
Zabuski, Leslaw; Marcato, Gianluca, 2014, Analysis of the deformation processes on the slopes with taking into account discontinuous character of the massif | Analiza procesów deformacji zboczy z uwzgl?dnieniem niecia?g?ego charakteru masywu,
Przeglad Geologiczny 62 (2014): 308–316.,
Abstract
Principles of the rock massif modelling of the slopes as a discontinuous medium and examples ...
Principles of the rock massif modelling of the slopes as a discontinuous medium and examples of the numerical simulations of the deformation processes in such a medium are presented in the paper. The massif is modelled as a set of blocks, contacting themselves along the joints, so called "interfaces" . Four examples of the deformation processes on the slopes using distinct element model and numerical code UDEC are described. The first example concerns the group of the rock blocks in Sudety Mts. The second presents the principles and the results of the slope deformation analysis in Camian Alps in Italy, whereas in the third one the analysis of the landslide deformations of the rock wall in diabase quarry is presented. Fourth example concerns the analysis ofthe soil embankment. The possibilities, advantages and disadvantages of the discontinuous approach in jointed rock and soil media modelling are discussed. Popularisation of the discontinuous approach is suggested.
Haydar Y. Hussin, Roxana Ciurean, Simone Frigerio, Gianluca Marcato, Chiara Calligaris, Paola Reichenbach, Cees van Westen, and Thomas Glade, 2014, Assessing the Effect of Mitigation Measures on Landslide Hazard Using 2D Numerical Runout Modelling,
3 World Landslide Forum, Beijing, China, June 2~6, 2014,
Abstract
Landslidemitigationmeasures are used to reduce the risk affectingmountain communities. The quantitative estimation of the change ...
Landslidemitigationmeasures are used to reduce the risk affectingmountain communities. The quantitative estimation of the change or reduction in risk, after implementing mitigation measures, requires modeling of past events and the forward prediction of possible future occurences. However, the forward-prediction of landslide hazard is subjected to uncertainties due to the lack of nowledge on some key aspects like the possible source volume that can be triggered andmodel parameters that determine the landslide runout. In this study, a back-analysis of a debris flow event was carried out using MassMov2D to create a set of parameter ranges for forward-predicting runouts with mitigationmeasures.Weapproached the issue of uncertainty by systematically sampling parameters from wide ranges and running hundreds of different runout scenarios. Simulations from back-analysiswere comparedwith the forward-predicted models to determine changes in the spread and intensity of debris flows affecting elements at risk (e.g. houses and roads). This study is a first step towards a quantitative risk assessment (QRA) being carried out within the EC FP-7 funded CHANGES network (Grant Agreement No. 263953).
M. Righini1, N. Surian, F. Comiti, L. Marchi, 2014, Geomorphic response to extreme flood events in alluvial rivers,
International Conference "Analysis and Management of Changing Risks for Natural Hazards", Padova (Italy), 18-19.11.2014,
Abstract
Extreme floods represent one of the major natural hazard that affect highly populated countries, such ...
Extreme floods represent one of the major natural hazard that affect highly populated countries, such as Italy. Besides hydraulic hazard, geomorphological hazard due to channel dynamics should be taken into account, specifically in alluvial rivers. Channel dynamics (i.e. channel lateral mobility, changes in bed elevation and intense sediment transport) can cause severe damages to human properties and infrastructures. The main purposes of this work are to provide a quantitative assessment of geomorphic effects due to extreme events (recurrence interval > 100 years) and the development and application of new tools to asses and predict fluvial dynamics and related geomorphological hazard in Italian rivers in different physiographic and climatic settings. The research mainly focuses on (i) the evaluation of the main controlling factors affecting the geomorphic response to extreme floods (ii) the identification of relationships between controlling factors and channel changes and (iii) the development of conceptual and empirical models to be tested to a wider data set. The methodological approach is based on integration of field surveys with remote sensing, GIS and statistical analyses. In this work the analysis carried out in the Teglia and Geriola rivers, tributaries of the Magra River is illustrated. The Magra catchment (Upper Tuscany, Italy) was affected by an extreme flood on 25th October 2011. Planimetric morphological changes (i.e. changes in channel width) and their spatial distribution were investigated in detail using two sets of aerial photos. Width ratios (width after/width before the flood) were calculated for cross sections spacing of 10 m and then correlated with different controlling factors (e.g. width of the floodplain, channel slope, and unit stream power). In the Teglia River the width ratio ranged from 1.2 (i.e. change in channel width from 26 m to 32 m) to 14 (i.e. from 5 m to 67 m). The width ratio ranged from 1 to 23.8 (i.e. from 4 m to 83 m) in the Geriola River. Preliminary results of statistical analysis provide a good relationship between the width of the floodplain and the geomorphic response to extreme flood of alluvial rivers, especially at reach scale. At smaller scales other aspects (i.e. the presence of artificial structures or terraces) have to be considered in order to explain channel response to the flood event. Future steps of this research include (i) analysis of other extreme events and different type of streams; (ii) development and testing of a conceptual/empirical model to improve our capability of predicting channel dynamics during extreme events.
Brardinoni F, Cavalli M., 2014, Landslide and debris-flow activity in periglacial mountain settings, Eastern Italian Alps,
GSA Annual Meeting, Vancouver, BC (Canada), 19-22 ottobre 2014,
