Pubblicazioni

Publications found: 7385

Catasto delle frane di alta quota nelle Alpi italiane

Nigrelli G., Luino F., Turconi L., Guerini M., Paranunzio R., Giardino M., Chiarle M., 2021, Catasto delle frane di alta quota nelle Alpi italiane, 2021,

Abstract
Il webgis Catasto delle frane di alta quota nelle Alpi italiane attualmente contiene le informazioni ...
Il webgis Catasto delle frane di alta quota nelle Alpi italiane attualmente contiene le informazioni relative a 508 processi di instabilità naturale (frane, colate detritiche, instabilità glaciale), avvenuti nelle Alpi italiane ad una quota superiore ai 1500 m, durante il periodo 2000-2020. La piattaforma che abbiamo utilizzato per rendere fruibile online il catasto è molto semplice e si basa su un'architettura webgis, cioè un sistema informativo geografico consultabile via web.
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EUFF 2.0 (European Flood Fatalities database) 1980-2020

Petrucci, O., Aceto, L., Bianchi, C., Brázdil, R., Diakakis, M., Inbar, M., Kahraman, A., K?l?ç, O., Krahn, A., Kreibich, H., Kotroni, V., de Brito, M.M., Llasat, M.C., Llasat-Botija, M., Macdonald, N., Mercuri, M., Papagiannaki, K., Pereira, S., ?eho?, J., Rossello Geli, J., Salvati, P., Vinet, F., Zêzere, J.L., 2021, EUFF 2.0 (European Flood Fatalities database) 1980-2020, 2021,

Abstract
Banca dati delle vittime da piena dal 1980 al 2020 in 12 aree Europee (Cyprus; ...
Banca dati delle vittime da piena dal 1980 al 2020 in 12 aree Europee (Cyprus; Czech Republic; Germany; Greece; Israel; Italy; Portugal; Turkey; United Kingdom; the Spanish regions of Balearic Islands and Catalonia, and the Mediterranean regions of South France).
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Bruzzano river mouth damage due to meteorological events

Canale, Caterina; Barbaro, Giuseppe; Foti, Giandomenico; Petrucci, Olga; Besio, Giovanni; Barillà, Giuseppina Chiara, 2021, Bruzzano river mouth damage due to meteorological events, International journal of river basin management (2021). doi_10.1080/15715124.2021.1901725,

DOI: 10.1080%2F15715124.2021.1901725

Abstract
The Italian territory, due to its geomorphological and climatic characteristics, is particularly prone to hydrogeological ...
The Italian territory, due to its geomorphological and climatic characteristics, is particularly prone to hydrogeological instability phenomena such as flash floods, river floods, sea storms and coastal erosion. These phenomena are particularly relevant due to the considerable Italian coastline, of about 8300 km in length, and to the presence of many rivers. The most critical aspects of these phenomena are observed in the case of concurrent events. The paper describes an event of hydrogeological instability which occurred in 2015 in Bruzzano Zeffirio, a town in southern Ionian Calabria. The event consisted of both a flood, which caused the flooding of the Bruzzano river, a torrential river, and a sea storm. The joint action of both phenomena may have also caused the collapse of the highway bridge and of the railway bridge, both located near the river mouth. The paper analyses the possible correlations between this event and the geomorphological and climatic characteristics of the study area. It represents a pilot study on the conditions that favour the contemporaneity between floods and sea storms and can be extended to other territories with the same characteristics. Also, this study can be used by a local administrator to plan and manage these territories.
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Extreme events and aging of defence works challenge the definition of residual scenarios for debris-flow hazard assessment_ the case of the Rotiano Creek (Province of Trento, Italy)

Sebastiano Piccolroaz, Gabriele Bertoldi, Marco Borga, Andrea Casonato, Lorenzo Marchi, Tamara Michelini, Giorgio Rosatti, Ruggero Valentinotti, 2021, Extreme events and aging of defence works challenge the definition of residual scenarios for debris-flow hazard assessment_ the case of the Rotiano Creek (Province of Trento, Italy), Interpraevent 2021 Norway, pp. 255–257, Virtual Congress, 31/5/2021 - 2/6/2021,

Abstract
Between October 27th and 30th, 2018 the Eastern Alps were hit by a severe storm ...
Between October 27th and 30th, 2018 the Eastern Alps were hit by a severe storm named Vaia. The storm brought strong wind and heavy rainfall, both culminated on Monday 29th. In Italy, the windstorm caused the loss of 8 million m3 of standing trees (Motta et al., 2018), and the rainfall triggered floods and related geomorphic processes, such as bank erosion, sediment/vegetation transport, and debris flows. In the Province of Trento (275 mm of rainfall on average in 3 days measured by 97 ground stations, corresponding to a median 48-h return period of 115 years), more than 300 events of such type were reported during those days, counting only the most important (Piccolroaz and Michelini, 2018). One of the most violent was the extreme debris flow of the Rotiano Creek, which caused the collapse of check dams and struck the village of Dimaro. The extraordinary magnitude of the debris flow occurred along the Rotiano Creek in October 2018 put the attention on how paroxysmal scenarios, due to concurrent severe meteo-hydrological factors and possible failure of existing hydraulic defence works, should be considered in debris-flow hazard evaluations. Due to the ongoing tendency towards more frequent extreme rainfall events and considering the progressive aging of the existing control works, converging towards an effective definition of residual hazard scenarios is getting more and more important and, at the same time, challenging.
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Using satellite rainfall products to assess the triggering conditions for hydro-morphological processes in different geomorphological settings in China

Nan Wang (a,b), Luigi Lombardo (c), Stefano Luigi Gariano (d), Weiming Cheng (a,b,e,f), Changjun Liu (g), Junnan Xiong (a,h), Ruibo Wang (a), 2021, Using satellite rainfall products to assess the triggering conditions for hydro-morphological processes in different geomorphological settings in China, International journal of applied earth observation and geoinformation (Online) 102 (2021). doi_10.1016/j.jag.2021.102350,

DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.jag.2021.102350

Abstract
Hydro-morphological processes (HMP, i.e. all processes contained within the spectrum defined between debris flows and ...
Hydro-morphological processes (HMP, i.e. all processes contained within the spectrum defined between debris flows and flash floods) initiate in response to intense rainfall events. Efficient HMP hazard assessment over large regions is often hindered because of limited rainfall observations over mountainous areas. Real-time and easily accessible satellite rainfall products offer new opportunities to address the observational coverage problem in ungauged catchments. In this work, two satellite rainfall products, Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) and Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station Data (CHIRPS), are investigated by taking the ground measurements as a reference. Based on a close agreement between GPM and rain gauge data, daily rainfall together with a series of antecedent rainfall values were calculated to investigate the spatio-temporal distribution of HMP occurred from 2001 to 2015 across the whole Chinese territory. Ultimately, rainfall thresholds for HMP initiation within different geomorphological settings in China were obtained by_ (1) building antecedent rainfall sequences consisting of HMP and non-HMP via 100 nonparametric bootstrapped replicates; (2) testing several percentiles of the rainfall distribution as thresholds for HMP occurrence; (3) optimizing rainfall thresholds for six geomorphological macro-regions in China. This study confirmed the ability of satellite data in defining the rainfall conditions for the triggering of HMP, acknowledging the potential underestimation and/or bias that characterize any satellite rainfall products. Our findings provides new insight on rainfall conditions responsible for HMP initiation at the Chinese national scale.
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Integrazione delle informazioni contenute in LAND-deFeND nell’interfaccia del SARF Sardegna

Ivan Marchesini1, Maria Teresa Brunetti1, Silvia Peruccacci1, Stefano Luigi Gariano1, Barbara Denti1, Mauro Rossi1, Massimo Melillo1, 2021, Integrazione delle informazioni contenute in LAND-deFeND nell’interfaccia del SARF Sardegna, pp.1–16, 2021,

Abstract
Il presente documento illustra le attività realizzate nell'ambito delle Modifiche all'Estensione dell'Accordo di collaborazione tra ...
Il presente documento illustra le attività realizzate nell'ambito delle Modifiche all'Estensione dell'Accordo di collaborazione tra la Direzione Generale della Protezione Civile della Regione Autonoma della Sardegna servizio previsione rischi e dei sistemi informativi, infrastrutture e reti e il Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (CNR IRPI) per la "Sperimentazione, validazione e sviluppo del Sistema di Allertamento Regionale per la previsione di Frane pluvio-indotte in Sardegna (SARF Sardegna)". In particolare, le attività previste riguardavano_ ol'integrazione di LAND-deFeND nell'interfaccia del SARF Sardegna; ola stesura di un apposito rapporto; ola manutenzione e il potenziamento operativo del SARF-Sardegna, con l'aggiornamento dell'interfaccia del sistema. Il presente documento è suddiviso in due capitoli e la bibliografia di riferimento. Il primo capitolo introduce le attività svolte, mentre il secondo le descrive, suddividendole in due sotto-sezioni relative all'integrazione del LAND-deFeND nel SARF Sardegna e alla manutenzione e al potenziamento operativo del sistema.
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Catalogo e soglie pluviometriche Sardegna

Massimo Melillo1, Stefano Luigi Gariano1, Barbara Denti1, Maria Teresa Brunetti1, Silvia Peruccacci1, Mauro Rossi1, Ivan Marchesini1, Cinzia Bianchi1, Domenico Caracciolo2, 2021, Catalogo e soglie pluviometriche Sardegna, pp.1–35, 2021,

Abstract
Il presente documento illustra le attività realizzate nell'ambito delle Modifiche all'Estensione dell'Accordo di Collaborazione tra ...
Il presente documento illustra le attività realizzate nell'ambito delle Modifiche all'Estensione dell'Accordo di Collaborazione tra la Direzione Generale della Protezione Civile della Regione Autonoma della Sardegna servizio previsione rischi e dei sistemi informativi, infrastrutture e reti e il Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica (CNR IRPI) per la "Sperimentazione, validazione e sviluppo del Sistema di Allertamento Regionale per la previsione di Frane pluvio-indotte in Sardegna (SARF Sardegna)". Tale documento riporta dati e informazioni relativi alla consegna di due prodotti previsti_ oanalisi della banca dati esistente e raccolta, organizzazione ed elaborazione di informazioni meteorologiche e geomorfologiche su movimenti franosi indotti da piogge in Sardegna; oaggiornamento delle soglie pluviometriche empiriche per la previsione del possibile innesco di fenomeni franosi in Sardegna. Il presente documento riporta le soglie pluviometriche empiriche di tipo cumulata - durata (CD) per il possibile innesco di fenomeni franosi in Sardegna da implementare nel Sistema di Allertamento Regionale per la previsione del possibile innesco di fenomeni franosi indotti da piogge SARF Sardegna. Le soglie sono calcolate utilizzando i dati del catalogo di eventi di pioggia con frane in Sardegna costruito dal CNR-IRPI. Sono state definite soglie pluviometriche oggettive e riproducibili, per percentuali di non superamento scelte e che includono l'incertezza nei parametri che definiscono le soglie.
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SISTEMA PERFEZIONATO PER IL MONITORAGGIO DI ANCORAGGI GEOTECNICI

Cola Simonetta, Schenato Luca, Dalla Gassa Gaetano, Bisson Alberto, 2021, SISTEMA PERFEZIONATO PER IL MONITORAGGIO DI ANCORAGGI GEOTECNICI, 102019000007140, Nazionale, 2021,

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IMERG-based meteorological drought analysis over Italy

Caloiero T.; Caroletti G.N.; Coscarelli R., 2021, IMERG-based meteorological drought analysis over Italy, Climate (Basel) On line 9 (2021). doi_10.3390/cli9040065,

DOI: 10.3390%2Fcli9040065

Abstract
The Mediterranean region is an area particularly susceptible to water scarcity and drought. In this ...
The Mediterranean region is an area particularly susceptible to water scarcity and drought. In this work, drought has been analyzed in Italy using multiple timescales of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) evaluated from the Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement product from 2000 to 2020. In particular, drought characteristics (severity, duration, and intensity) have been estimated by means of the run theory applied to the SPI values calculated in 3325 grid points falling within the Italian territory. Results clearly indicate that although a high number of drought events has been identified for the short timescale, these events present a lower duration and lesser severity than the long-timescale droughts. The main outcomes of this study, with the indication of the spatial distribution of the drought characteristics in Italy, allow identifying the areas that could also face water stress conditions in the future, thus requiring drought monitoring and adequate adaptation strategies.
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A Global Landslide Non-Susceptibility Map

Guoqiang Jia(a,b), Massimiliano Alvioli(c), Stefano Luigi Gariano(c), Ivan Marchesini(c) , Fausto Guzzetti(d), Qiuhong Tang(a,b), 2021, A Global Landslide Non-Susceptibility Map, Geomorphology (Amst.) 389 (2021): 107804. doi_10.1016/j.geomorph.2021.107804,

DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2021.107804

Abstract
At variance with conventional landslide susceptibility assessment, non-susceptibility analysis aims at selecting locations in which ...
At variance with conventional landslide susceptibility assessment, non-susceptibility analysis aims at selecting locations in which the likelihood of landslide occurrence is null or negligible. The advantage of this approach is that it does not require estimating different degrees of likelihood outside of the locations of negligible susceptibility. Thus, it entails the use of simplified classification methods. In this work, we tested and validated the existing non-susceptibility model with 18 global and regional landslide datasets, as a prior for the global application. The existing model was applied previously in Italy and the Mediterranean region, and defined by a non-linear relief vs. slope threshold curve, below which landslide susceptibility is negligible. Then, we applied a similar analysis, and proposed a global map, using relief and slope obtained from global elevation data at about 90-m resolution. The global map classifies 82.9% of the landmasses with negligible landslide susceptibility. The non-susceptible areas are broadly consistent with the "very-low" susceptibility class in existing global and continental landslide susceptibility maps and a national non-susceptibility map in the conterminous United States. Quantitative analyses revealed that population and settlements are denser within non-susceptible area than elsewhere, which makes the map of potential interest for non-exposure analysis, land planning and disaster responses at a global scale.
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Combining Satellite InSAR, Slope Units and Finite Element Modeling for Stability Analysis in Mining Waste Disposal Areas

J. López-Vinielles(1,2,3), J.A. Fernández-Merodo(1,4), P. Ezquerro(1,2), J.C. García-Davalillo(1), R. Sarro(1), C. Reyes-Carmona(1), A. Barra(5), J.A. Navarro(5), V. Krishnakumar(5), M. Alvioli(6), G. Herrera(1,7), 2021, Combining Satellite InSAR, Slope Units and Finite Element Modeling for Stability Analysis in Mining Waste Disposal Areas, Remote sensing (Basel) 13 (2021): 1–24. doi_10.3390/rs13102008,

DOI: 10.3390%2Frs13102008

Abstract
Slope failures pose a substantial threat to mining activity due to their destructive potential and ...
Slope failures pose a substantial threat to mining activity due to their destructive potential and high probability of occurrence on steep slopes close to limit equilibrium conditions, which are often found both in open pits and in waste and tailing disposal facilities. The development of slope monitoring and modeling programs usually entails the exploitation of in situ and remote sensing data, together with the application of numerical modeling, and it plays an important role in the definition of prevention and mitigation measures aimed at minimizing the impact of slope failures in mining areas. In this paper, a new methodology is presented; one that combines satellite radar interferometry and 2D finite element modeling for slope stability analysis at a regional scale, and applied within slope unit polygons. Although the literature includes many studies applying radar interferometry and modeling for slope stability analysis, the addition of slope units as input data for radar interferometry and modeling purposes has, to our knowledge, not previously been reported. A former mining area in southeast Spain was studied, and the method proved useful for detecting and characterizing a large number of unstable slopes. Out of the 1959 slope units used for the spatial analysis of the radar interferometry data, 43 were unstable, with varying values of safety factor and landslide size. Out of the 43 active slope units, 21 exhibited line of sight velocities greater than the maximum error obtained through validation analysis (2.5 cm/year). Finally, this work discusses the possibility of using the results of the proposed approach to devise a proxy for landslide hazard. The proposed methodology can help to provide non-expert final users with intelligible, clear, and easily comparable information to analyze slope instabilities in different settings, and not limited to mining areas.
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Solar radiation at the Bessanese high-elevation experimental site (Italy)

Nigrelli G., Barbero S., Chiarle M., 2021, Solar radiation at the Bessanese high-elevation experimental site (Italy), 2021,

Abstract
Total Incident Solar Radiation (TISR) and Total Reflected Solar Radiation (TRSR) data, acquired from May ...
Total Incident Solar Radiation (TISR) and Total Reflected Solar Radiation (TRSR) data, acquired from May 2018 to December 2020 in the Bessanese high-elevation experimental site (Western Italian Alps, 2659 m a.s.l.), are presented. TISR and TRSR data have been acquired by using a Kipp & Zonen, CMA 6 model, albedometer. For data validation, we adopted QC recommended by WMO, which is described in detail in the Guide to Climatological Practices (WMO 2018). Activity carried out as part of the collaboration between CNR-IRPI and ARPA Piemonte. This work was carried out in the framework of RIST2 project, co-financed by the Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Torino. For more information about the site, please visit https_//deims.org/f8718e56-fb4d-49a3-92a9-3670e7f10ee9
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Debris Flow and Rockslide Analysis with Advanced Photogrammetry Techniques Based on High-Resolution RPAS Data. Ponte Formazza Case Study (NW Alps).

Davide Notti, Daniele Giordan, Alberto Cina, Ambrogio Manzino, Paolo Maschio and Iosif Horea Bendea, 2021, Debris Flow and Rockslide Analysis with Advanced Photogrammetry Techniques Based on High-Resolution RPAS Data. Ponte Formazza Case Study (NW Alps)., Remote sensing (Basel) 13 (2021). doi_10.3390/rs13091797,

DOI: 10.3390%2Frs13091797

Abstract
The use of a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) for the characterization and monitoring of ...
The use of a Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) for the characterization and monitoring of landslides has been widely improved in the last decade. In particular, the use of this system is particularly effective for the study of areas prone to geohazards. Zones affected by landslides, such as rock slides and debris flows, are often quite critical in terms of accessibility due to unstable blocs that can strongly limit the direct access to the studied area. In this paper, we present the case study of Ponte Formazza in NW Italian Alps. In June 2019, a massive and complex debris flow re-mobilized about 300,000 m3 of a rockslide deposit that occurred in 2009. In this particular environment, we tested traditional, direct and mixed photogrammetric approaches using various configurations of Ground Control Points (GCPs) of the photogrammetric block and by calculating the relative errors. The minimum configuration of GCPs was established to reduce in situ measurements without degrading the accuracy of the cartographic products. The images of three RPAS campaigns (2017, 2018 and 2019), processed with a Structure from Motion (SfM) technique, allowed us to obtain very high-resolution orthophoto and digital surface models (DSMs) before and after the 2019 event. A few GCPs, geolocated with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), improved the orthophoto and DSM quality (Root Mean Squared Error RMSE 5 cm) even in the areas far from the drone deployment. The availability of high-resolution models has been fundamental for the identification of the volume changes. Furthermore, the 3D view supported and completed the geomorphological mapping of affected areas, particularly in the areas where the field survey is dangerous. The use of ancillary meteorological data and Sentinel-2 satellite images allows for a better definition of the kinematics and the predisposal and triggering factors of the 2019 debris flow.
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Relations between climate change and mass movement_ Perspectives from the Canadian Cordillera and the European Alps

Marta Chiarle (a,*), Marten Geertsema (b,) Giovanni Mortara (a), John J. Clague (c), 2021, Relations between climate change and mass movement_ Perspectives from the Canadian Cordillera and the European Alps, Global and planetary change (Print) 202 (2021). doi_10.1016/j.gloplacha.2021.103499,

DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.gloplacha.2021.103499

Abstract
Earth's climate is warming and will continue to warm as the century progresses. High mountains ...
Earth's climate is warming and will continue to warm as the century progresses. High mountains and high latitudes are experiencing the greatest warming of all regions on Earth and also are some of the most sensitive areas to climate change, in part because ecosystems and natural processes in these areas are intimately linked to the cryosphere. Evidence is mounting that warming will further reduce permafrost and snow and ice cover in high mountains, which in turn will destabilize many slopes, alter sediment delivery to streams, and change subalpine and alpine ecosystems. This paper contributes to the continuing discussion of impacts of climate change on mountain environments by comparing and discussing processes and trends in the mountains of western Canada and the European Alps. We highlight the effects of physiography and climate on physical processes occurring in the two regions. Processes of interest include landslides and debris flows induced by glacier debuttressing, alpine permafrost thaw, changes in rainfall regime, formation and sudden drainage of glacier- and moraine-dammed lakes, ice avalanches, glacier surges, and large-scale sediment transfers due to rapid deglacierization. Our analysis points out the value of integrating observations and data from different areas of the world to better understand these processes and their impacts.
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A rugged FBG-based pressure sensor for water level monitoring in dikes

Schenato, Luca; Aguilar-Lopez, Juan Pablo; Galtarossa, Andrea; Pasuto, Alessandro; Bogaard, Thom; Palmieri, Luca, 2021, A rugged FBG-based pressure sensor for water level monitoring in dikes, IEEE sensors journal 21 (2021). doi_10.1109/JSEN.2021.3067516,

DOI: 10.1109%2FJSEN.2021.3067516

Abstract
This paper describes the implementation of an FBG sensor to measure water levels in a ...
This paper describes the implementation of an FBG sensor to measure water levels in a dike. The sensor is based on a 3D-printed mechanical transducer through which the external pressure is converted into longitudinal strain exerted on the fiber. An additional FBG integrated within the sensor measures temperature and is used to compensate for the temperature effects on the first FBG. By employing an aluminum alloy case, the sensor is suitable for operations in harsh environments and rough installation procedures. Four sensors of this kind have been successfully tested on a real scale dike at the Water Proof Holland facility in The Netherlands.
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Debris flows recorded in the Moscardo catchment (Italian Alps) between 1990 and 2019

Marchi, Lorenzo; Cazorzi, Federico; Arattano, Massimo; Cucchiaro, Sara; Cavalli, Marco; Crema, Stefano, 2021, Debris flows recorded in the Moscardo catchment (Italian Alps) between 1990 and 2019, Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Print) 21 (2021): 87–97. doi_10.5194/nhess-21-87-2021,

DOI: 10.5194%2Fnhess-21-87-2021

Abstract
This paper presents debris-flow data recorded in the Moscardo Torrent (eastern Italian Alps) between 1990 ...
This paper presents debris-flow data recorded in the Moscardo Torrent (eastern Italian Alps) between 1990 and 2019. In this time interval, 30 debris flows were observed_ 26 of them were monitored by sensors installed on the channel, while four were only documented through postevent observations. Monitored data consist of debris-flow hydrographs, measured utilizing ultrasonic sensors, and rainfall. Debris flows in the Moscardo Torrent occur from early June to the end of September, with higher frequency in the first part of summer. The paper presents data on triggering rainfall, flow velocity, peak discharge, and volume for the monitored hydrographs. Simplified triangular hydrographs and dimensionless hydrographs were derived to show the basic features of the debris flows in the Moscardo Torrent (time to peak, surge duration, flow depth) and permitting comparison with other instrumented catchments. The dataset is made available to the public with the following DOI_ https_//doi. org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919707.
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Combining Instrumental Monitoring and High-Resolution Topography for Estimating Sediment Yield in a Debris-Flow Catchment

Coviello, Velio; Theule, Joshua, I; Crema, Stefano; Arattano, Massimo; Comiti, Francesco; Cavalli, Marco; Lucia, Ana; Macconi, Pierpaolo; Marchi, Lorenzo, 2021, Combining Instrumental Monitoring and High-Resolution Topography for Estimating Sediment Yield in a Debris-Flow Catchment, Environmental & engineering geoscience (Print) 27 (2021): 95–111. doi_10.2113/EEG-D-20-00025,

DOI: 10.2113%2FEEG-D-20-00025

Abstract
In mountain basins, long-term instrumental monitoring coupled with high-resolution topographic surveys can provide important information ...
In mountain basins, long-term instrumental monitoring coupled with high-resolution topographic surveys can provide important information on sediment yield. The Gadria catchment, located in the eastern Italian Alps, typically features several low-magnitude flood episodes and a few debris-flow events per year, from late spring to late summer. Beginning in 2011, sensors devoted to debris-flow detection (geophones, video cameras, flow stage sensors) were installed along the main channel, upstream of a retention basin. In case of debris flows, high-resolution topographical surveys of the retention basin are carried out multiple times per year. Rainfall is measured in the lower part of the catchment and at the headwaters, while passive integrated transponder tracing of bedload was performed in the main channel during spring and summer 2014. In this work, we present the reconstruction of the sediment dynamics at the catchment scale from 2011 to 2017. Results show that (i) coarse sediment yield is dominated by the few debris flows occurring per year; (ii) debris-flow volume estimations may be significantly different-up to 30 percent lower-when performed through a digital elevation model of difference analysis, compared to the time-integration of the debris-flow discharge estimates; (iii) using this latter method, the volumes are affected by significant uncertainties, particularly for small values of flow depth; and (iv) rainfall analysis permits us to characterize debris-flow initiation but also highlights difficulties in discriminating triggering from non-triggering rainstorms if based on rainfall duration and intensity only.
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Landslide failures detection and mapping using Synthetic Aperture Radar_ Past, present and future

Alessandro Cesare Mondini Fausto Guzzetti Kang-Tsung Chang Oriol Monserrat Tapas Ranjan Martha Andrea Manconi, 2021, Landslide failures detection and mapping using Synthetic Aperture Radar_ Past, present and future, Earth Science Review (2021). doi_10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103574,

DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.earscirev.2021.103574

Abstract
Landslides are geomorphological processes that shape the landscapes of all continents, dismantling mountains and contributing ...
Landslides are geomorphological processes that shape the landscapes of all continents, dismantling mountains and contributing sediments to the river networks. Caused by geophysical and meteorological triggers, including intense or prolonged rainfall, seismic shaking, volcanic activity, and rapid snow melting, landslides pose a serious threat to people, property, and the environment in many areas. Given their abundance and relevance, investigators have long experimented with techniques and tools for landslide detection and mapping using primarily aerial and satellite optical imagery interpreted visually, or processed by semi-automatic or automatic procedures or algorithms. Optical (passive) sensors have known limitations due to their inability to capture Earth surface images through the clouds and to work in the absence of daylight. The alternatives are active, "all-weather" and "day-and-night", microwave radar sensors capable of seeing through the clouds and working in presence and absence of daylight. We review the literature on the use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery to detect and map landslide failures - i.e., the single most significant movement episodes in the history of a landslide - and of landslide failure events - i.e., populations of landslides in areas ranging from a few to several thousand square kilometres caused by a single trigger. We examine 54 articles published in representative journals presenting 147 case studies in 32 nations, in all continents, except Antarctica. Analysis of the geographical location of 70 study areas shows that SAR imagery was used to detect and map landslides in most morphological, geological, seismic, meteorological, climate, and land cover settings. The time history of the case studies reveals the increasing interest of the investigators in the use of SAR imagery for landslide detection and mapping, with less than one article per year from 1995 to 2011, rising to about 5 articles per year between 2012 and 2020, and an average period of about 4.2 years between the launch of a satellite and the publication of an article using imagery taken by the satellite. To detect and map landslides, investigators use a common framework that exploits the phase and the amplitude of the electromagnetic return signal recorded in the SAR images, to measure terrain surface properties and their changes. To discriminate landslides from the surrounding stable terrain, a classification of the ground properties is executed by expert visual (heuristic) interpretation, or through numerical (statistical) modelling approaches. Despite undisputed progress over the last 26 years, challenges remain to be faced for the effective use of SAR imagery for landslide detection and mapping. In the article, we examine the theoretical, research, and operational frameworks for the exploitation of SAR images for landslide detection and mapping, and we provide a perspective for future applications considering the existing and the planned SAR satellite missions.
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ATTIVITÀ DI MONITORAGGIO IDROGEOLOGICO PERIODICO DELLE ACQUE SOTTERRANEE IN CONTRADA MARTUCCI, COMUNE DI CONVERSANO (BARI) – Rapporto di sintesi sui tenori di selenio e cloruro nelle acque di falda

Giorgio De Giorgio Limoni Pier Paolo Polemio Maurizio Zuffianò Livia Emanuela, 2021, ATTIVITÀ DI MONITORAGGIO IDROGEOLOGICO PERIODICO DELLE ACQUE SOTTERRANEE IN CONTRADA MARTUCCI, COMUNE DI CONVERSANO (BARI) – Rapporto di sintesi sui tenori di selenio e cloruro nelle acque di falda, 2021,

Abstract
consulenza idrogeologica in relazione a specifiche questioni inerenti alle acque sotterranee del sito. ...
consulenza idrogeologica in relazione a specifiche questioni inerenti alle acque sotterranee del sito.
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Report sui dati storici geologici, idrogeologici, geochimici e geomeccanici raccolti Area di Studio Preliminare (Piana di Metaponto)

Giorgio De Giorgio, Limoni Pier Paolo, Polemio Maurizio, Zuffianò Livia Emanuela, 2021, Report sui dati storici geologici, idrogeologici, geochimici e geomeccanici raccolti Area di Studio Preliminare (Piana di Metaponto), pp.1–13, 2021,

Abstract
Il Rapporto descrive la disponibilità iniziale di dati e le principali fonti esterne consultate per ...
Il Rapporto descrive la disponibilità iniziale di dati e le principali fonti esterne consultate per le attività affidate all'IRPI nell'ambito del Progetto "Centro di Ricerca Metaponto", relativo al Sottoprogetto di ricerca 3 "Gestione ottimale delle acque sotterranee costiere e dei rischi di salinizzazione e subsidenza".
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A sub-regional approach to the influence analysis of teleconnection patterns on precipitation in Calabria (southern Italy)

Giulio N. Caroletti, Roberto Coscarelli, Tommaso Caloiero, 2021, A sub-regional approach to the influence analysis of teleconnection patterns on precipitation in Calabria (southern Italy), International journal of climatology (2021). doi_10.1002/joc.7087,

DOI: 10.1002%2Fjoc.7087

Abstract
In this study, the problem of determining, with an adequate statistical significance, the relationship between teleconnection ...
In this study, the problem of determining, with an adequate statistical significance, the relationship between teleconnection pattern indices and precipitation at climatological time scales has been addressed through a novel technique based on a rainfall zonation, by means of creating a regional precipitation database for a whole-region correlation approach. Pearson correlation was performed to evaluate the mesoscale influence on precipitation in the Calabria region over the 1951- 2010 time period, by means of a database of 79 rain gauges, divided in five Rainfall Zones (RZs) and seven teleconnection pattern indices relevant to the Mediterranean region, searching where results were significant (significance level < 0.05) and with an absolute correlation value higher than a prefixed threshold equal to 0.2. The Calabria region was chosen as it is located in the centre of the Mediterranean area, which constitutes a hot spot for climate change, and because it is equipped with a high-density, long-time series of precipitation gauge network, recently validated and homogenized. Correlation analysis between seasonal teleconnection indices and seasonal cumulated precipitation showed that the Western Mediterranean Oscillation and the East Atlantic/West Russian patterns were the most relevant teleconnections over all Calabria. Correlations of 3-month averaged teleconnection indices versus monthly precipitation showed that the Mediterranean and Western Mediterranean Oscillations produce most significant results with correlation values higher than 0.2, with East Atlantic pattern a third close. Comparison between monthly teleconnection indices and monthly cumulated precipitation indicate that all modes of variability taken into account share a similarly weak correlation. Comparing the rainfall zone-based study and the technique of averaging individual stations results post-correlation, it was shown that on average only 43% of the stations would produce useful correlations, while the novel technique used all the valid and available station data, resulting in statistically more robust findings.
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An optical fiber-based monitoring system to study the seepage flow below the landside toe of a river levee

Cola S.; Girardi V.; Bersan S.; Simonini P.; Schenato L.; De Polo F., 2021, An optical fiber-based monitoring system to study the seepage flow below the landside toe of a river levee, Journal of civil structural health monitoring (Print) (2021). doi_10.1007/s13349-021-00475-y,

DOI: 10.1007%2Fs13349-021-00475-y

Abstract
The development of innovative monitoring systems to mitigate the risk associated to river levee failure ...
The development of innovative monitoring systems to mitigate the risk associated to river levee failure is a recent challenge involving synergic effort of public institutions, specialized companies and academics. The present study examines a 350 m stretch of Adige river levees, located in the Province of Bolzano (Italy) close to the village of Salorno, interested in the recent past by moderate piping phenomena and subjected to subsequent interventions for seepage control (cut-off diaphragm wall). As is customary, the levee body and its foundation soil were investigated through geophysical and geotechnical surveys. The arising results provided a multi-dimensional characterization of the levee and the nearby soil water-meadows likely to be affected by preferential paths for piping. The detection of those paths entailed the joined use of piezometers and distributed optical fiber sensing (DFOS) system, the latter installed in a shallow trench on the landside. In the last days of October 2018, Northeastern Italy was hit by a tremendous storm and the Adige river was subjected to a relevant double flooding event. This exceptional circumstance, entirely recorded by the monitoring system, gives the chance to provide insight into the seepage process undermining the levee stability.
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A multidisciplinary investigation of deep-seated landslide reactivation triggered by an extreme rainfall event_ a case study of the Monesi di Mendatica landslide, Ligurian Alps

Davide Notti, Aleksandra Wrzesniak, Niccolò Dematteis, Piernicola Lollino, Nunzio Luciano Fazio, Francesco Zucca & Daniele Giordan, 2021, A multidisciplinary investigation of deep-seated landslide reactivation triggered by an extreme rainfall event_ a case study of the Monesi di Mendatica landslide, Ligurian Alps, Landslides (Berl., Internet) (2021). doi_10.1007/s10346-021-01651-3,

DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10346-021-01651-3

Abstract
In November 2016, an extreme rainfall event affected the Ligurian Alps (NW Italy). Consequently, several ...
In November 2016, an extreme rainfall event affected the Ligurian Alps (NW Italy). Consequently, several landslides and debris flows occurred in the upper Tanarello stream basin. In particular, the village of Monesi di Mendatica was severely damaged by two landslide phenomena_ the activation of a rotational landslide, which caused the total collapse of two buildings and part of the main road, and the reactivation of a deep-seated planar massive and a complex landslide, which widely fractured most of the buildings in the village. The latter phenomenon was mostly unknown and had never been monitored prior to the 2016 event. Due to the extensive damage, the village of Monesi was completely evacuated, and the road connecting a ski resort area in the upper part of the valley was closed. Furthermore, a potentially dangerous situation related to the eventual progressive evolution of this landslide that could cause a temporary occlusion of the Tanarello stream still remains. For this reason, we defined the landslide behaviour, triggering conditions and chronological evolution leading to the 2016 event using a multidisciplinary approach. This approach consisted of field surveys, satellite DInSAR time series analyses, digital image correlation techniques, rainfall records analyses, postevent monitoring campaigns and subsurface investigation data analyses, and numerical modelling. This multidisciplinary approach enhanced our understanding of this landslide, which is fundamental to better comprehend its behaviour and possible evolution.
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Improving Mean Annual Precipitation Prediction Incorporating Elevation and Taking into Account Support Size

Gabriele Buttafuoco, Massimo Conforti, 2021, Improving Mean Annual Precipitation Prediction Incorporating Elevation and Taking into Account Support Size, Water (Basel) 13 (2021): 830. doi_10.3390/w13060830,

DOI: 10.3390%2Fw13060830

Abstract
Accounting for secondary exhaustive variables (such as elevation) in modelling the spatial distribution of precipitation ...
Accounting for secondary exhaustive variables (such as elevation) in modelling the spatial distribution of precipitation can improve their estimate accuracy. However, elevation and precipitation data are associated with different support sizes and it is necessary to define methods to combine such different spatial data. The paper was aimed to compare block ordinary cokriging and block kriging with an external drift in estimating the annual precipitation using elevation as covariate. Block ordinary kriging was used as reference of a univariate geostatistical approach. In addition, the different support sizes associated with precipitation and elevation data were also taken into account. The study area was the Calabria region (southern Italy), which has a spatially variable Mediterranean climate because of its high orographic variability. Block kriging with elevation as external drift, compared to block ordinary kriging and block ordinary cokriging, was the most accurate approach for modelling the spatial distribution of annual mean precipitation. The three measures of accuracy (MAE, mean absolute error; RMSEP, root-mean-squared error of prediction; MRE, mean relative error) have the lowest values (MAE = 112.80 mm; RMSEP = 144.89 mm, and MRE = 0.11), whereas the goodness of prediction (G) has the highest value (75.67). The results clearly indicated that the use of an exhaustive secondary variable always improves the precipitation estimate, but in the case of areas with elevations below 120 m, block cokriging makes better use of secondary information in precipitation estimation than block kriging with external drift. At higher elevations, the opposite is always true_ block kriging with external drift performs better than block cokriging. This approach takes into account the support size associated with precipitation and elevation data. Accounting for elevation allowed to obtain more detailed maps than using block ordinary kriging. However, block kriging with external drift produced a map with more local details than that of block ordinary cokriging because of the local re-evaluation of the linear regression of precipitation on block estimates.
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An open-source algorithm for 3D rock slope kinematic analysis (ROKA)

Menegoni N.; Giordan D.; Perotti C., 2021, An open-source algorithm for 3D rock slope kinematic analysis (ROKA), Applied sciences 11 (2021): 1–27. doi_10.3390/app11041698,

DOI: 10.3390%2Fapp11041698

Abstract
The Markland test is one of the most diffused and adopted methods of kinematic analysis ...
The Markland test is one of the most diffused and adopted methods of kinematic analysis for the identification of critical intersections of rock discontinuities that could generate rock failures. Traditionally, the kinematic analysis is based on the use of a stereographic approach that is able to identify the critical combination between the orientations of discontinuities and the rock wall. The recent improvements in the use of Digital Outcrop Models (DOMs) created the conditions for the development of a new automatized approach. We present ROck Slope Kinematic Analysis (ROKA) which is an open-source algorithm aimed at performing the Kinematic Analysis using the discontinuity measures collected onto a 3D DOM. The presented algorithm is able to make a local identification of the possible critical combination between the identified discontinuities and the orientation of the slope. Using this approach, the algorithm is able to identify on the slope the presence of critical combinations according to the traditional kinematic analysis of planar failure, flexural toppling, wedge failure, and direct toppling modes of failures and then visualize them on DOMs. In this way, the traditional approach is more effective and can be adopted for a more detailed analysis of large and complex areas.
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Comparison of Digital Image Correlation Methods and the Impact of Noise in Geoscience Applications

Dematteis, Niccolo; Giordan, Daniele, 2021, Comparison of Digital Image Correlation Methods and the Impact of Noise in Geoscience Applications, Remote sensing (Basel) 13 (2021). doi_10.3390/rs13020327,

DOI: 10.3390%2Frs13020327

Abstract
Digital image correlation (DIC) is a commonly-adopted technique in geoscience and natural hazard studies to ...
Digital image correlation (DIC) is a commonly-adopted technique in geoscience and natural hazard studies to measure the surface deformation of various geophysical phenomena. In the last decades, several different correlation functions have been developed. Additionally, some authors have proposed applying DIC to other image representations, such as image gradients or orientation. Many works have shown the reliability of specific methods, but they have been rarely compared. In particular, a formal analysis of the impact of different sources of noise is missing. Using synthetic images, we analysed 15 different combinations of correlation functions and image representations and we investigated their performances with respect to the presence of 13 noise sources. Besides, we evaluated the influence of the size of the correlation template. We conducted the analysis also on terrestrial photographs of the Planpincieux Glacier (Italy) and Sentinel 2B images of the Bodele Depression (Chad). We observed that frequency-based methods are in general less robust against noise, in particular against blurring and speckling, and they tend to underestimate the displacement value. Zero-mean normalised cross-correlation applied to image intensity showed high-quality results. However, it suffers variations of the shadow pattern. Finally, we developed an original similarity function (DOT) that proved to be quite resistant to every noise source.
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Practicing Open Science in Earth and Environmental Sciences

Lazzeri E., Cocco M., Bailo D., Sarretta A., Locati M., Pavone G., 2021, Practicing Open Science in Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2021,

Abstract
A cycle of four webinars on Open Science and Open Access for Earth and environmental ...
A cycle of four webinars on Open Science and Open Access for Earth and environmental sciences, with discipline-specific tools and practical resources. Course outline_ Module 1_ - Introduction and motivations - Open Science in Solid Earth Science Module 2_ - Research Data Management - OS in solid Earth sciences_ the EPOS research infrastructure experience Module 3_ - FAIR principles and Open Data - Implementing FAIR. Considerations from the solid Earth domain Module 4_ - The Data Management Plan - The adoption of Open Science Paradigm at INGV - Practical Tips
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Progetto “GPR” “Approfondimento delle strategie di Governo della Pericolosità alluvionale a seguito dell’evento del 29 ottobre 2018 sul rio Rotiano” – Contributo alla valutazione della pericolosità residua

Lorenzo Marchi, Marco Cavalli, Marta Chiarle, Stefano Crema, 2021, Progetto “GPR” “Approfondimento delle strategie di Governo della Pericolosità alluvionale a seguito dell’evento del 29 ottobre 2018 sul rio Rotiano” – Contributo alla valutazione della pericolosità residua, 2021,

Abstract
Il rapporto prende in esame i principali processi che concorrono alla pericolosità residua dei processi ...
Il rapporto prende in esame i principali processi che concorrono alla pericolosità residua dei processi torrentizi, con particolare riguardo all'ambiente alpino.
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New approach to computing mean velocity and discharge

Abdolvandi A.F.; Ziaei A.N.; Moramarco T.; Singh V.P., 2021, New approach to computing mean velocity and discharge, Hydrological sciences journal (2021). doi_10.1080/02626667.2020.1859115,

DOI: 10.1080%2F02626667.2020.1859115

Abstract
Estimation of discharge hydrograph may be needed at river gauging stations where discharge is computed ...
Estimation of discharge hydrograph may be needed at river gauging stations where discharge is computed by converting water stage using a stage-discharge relation (a rating curve) or multiplying mean velocity by flow cross-sectional area. The mean velocity is computed by converting the measured maximum velocity to mean velocity using a conversion factor. Estimating the velocity conversion factor at stations where measured discharge data are insufficient remains a challenge. This study develops a novel method for determining the conversion factor by combining the entropy velocity profile, a data-driven technique, and a one-dimensional (1-D) flood routing model, and thus develops a method to determine discharge at the weak gauging sites. The method was used with two different assumptions_ constant velocity factor and velocity factor depending on the aspect ratio. Results showed that this method optimally estimated the conversion factor.
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Design Flood and Flood-Prone Areas under Rating Curve Uncertainty_ Area of Vieux-Ténès, Algeria

Kastali A.; Zeroual A.; Remaoun M.; Serrano-Notivoli R.; Moramarco T., 2021, Design Flood and Flood-Prone Areas under Rating Curve Uncertainty_ Area of Vieux-Ténès, Algeria, Journal of hydrologic engineering 26 (2021). doi_10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002049,

DOI: 10.1061%2F(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0002049

Abstract
The accuracy of flood control models depends on the set of annual maximum discharge used ...
The accuracy of flood control models depends on the set of annual maximum discharge used to estimate design flood via statistical flood frequency analysis (FFA). The uncertainties associated with the discharge time series from stage records are often ignored. Indeed, the uncertainty associated with discharge estimation is not addressed in many of the previous hydraulic risk analyses. In this study, we provide a quantitative approach to rigorously explore the effect that the rating curve uncertainty has on the design flood estimation and the flood hazard mapping. The town of Vieux-Ténès, Algeria, located near the mouth of the Allala River, was used as a case study. Despite the presence of concrete flood protection walls, several floods caused severe damage over the last decades in the town. Multisegment Bayesian rating curve, based on the Bayesian rating curve (BaRatin) method, was used to compute the rating curve uncertainty of the Allala hydrometric station, allowing for the creation of a new time series of annual maximum discharge for the 1973-2017 time period and the estimation of the design flood for different return periods by FFA. The Hydrologic Engineering Center's river analysis system (HEC-RAS) was used to model the water levels for different locations based on steady flow analysis, using them to define flood-prone areas and an effective protection system. We found that estimations of the flooded area varied between -18% and 15% when assessing rating curve uncertainties. Results highlighted that the existing flood control system is not sufficient to protect the inner city against flood risks, especially in the lower-lying areas of the flooded area.
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People Vulnerability to Landslide_ Risky Behaviours and Dangerous Conditions by Gender and Age

Paola Salvati, Mauro Rossi, Cinzia Bianchi, and Fausto Guzzetti, 2021, People Vulnerability to Landslide_ Risky Behaviours and Dangerous Conditions by Gender and Age, Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk, edited by Guzzetti, Fausto, Mihali? Arbanas, Snje?ana, Reichenbach, Paola, Sassa, Kyoji, Bobrowsky, Peter T., Takara, Kaoru, pp. 427–434. Switzerland_ Springer International Publishing, 2021,

Abstract
Landslides are frequent and destructive geo-hydrological events that cause harm to people every year worldwide. ...
Landslides are frequent and destructive geo-hydrological events that cause harm to people every year worldwide. We used a catalogue on 1039 landslide fatalities, occurred in Italy in the 50-year period 1970-2019, to determine the dependence of the fatalities on gender, age and circumstance of death. The updated version of the Italian landslide fatalities catalogue includes information on the exact time of the occurrence of the fatal landslide events and the circumstances of death. Possible relations between time of the day and fatalities occurrence are analysed. Males landslides fatalities occurred frequently outdoor, along roads mainly involving drivers or passengers travelling in vehicles, indicating a specific dangerous death contingence preferentially occurring in daylight. Conversely, female landslide fatalities occurred more frequently indoor. To consider the demographic and socio-cultural changes over time, we performed a temporal analysis splitting the catalogue into three overlapping subsets 30-year each. In the three time periods, we estimated the expected fatalities by gender and age, using national census data and a multinomial distribution. Such estimates were compared with the observed landslide fatalities distribution. We identified the age categories over or under represented when the observed fatalities were respectively higher or lower than the modelled expected deaths. The analysis shows that for all the periods landslide male fatalities compared to the female ones are significantly higher than those expected by census data, indicating both a diverse propensity towards the risk taking and a different degree of exposure between males and females.
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Long-term analysis of rainfall-induced landslides in Umbria, central Italy

S. L. Gariano(1), G. Verini Supplizi(2), F. Ardizzone(1), P. Salvati(1), C. Bianchi(1), R. Morbidelli(2), C. Saltalippi(2), 2021, Long-term analysis of rainfall-induced landslides in Umbria, central Italy, Natural hazards (Dordr., Online) (2021). doi_10.1007/s11069-021-04539-6,

DOI: 10.1007%2Fs11069-021-04539-6

Abstract
Analyses of historical records of landslides and climate variables are useful tools to search for ...
Analyses of historical records of landslides and climate variables are useful tools to search for correlations between damaging landslide events and their triggers. In this work, we investigate the temporal and geographical relationships between two long-term historical series of catalogued landslide occurrences and daily rainfall data in Umbria, a central Italian region, from 1928 to 2001. Moreover, we search for changes in the frequency and density of landslides, and in the characteristics of the associated rainfall events. Using a consolidated approach, partially modified, we find that the rainfall events that have produced rainfall-induced landslides in Umbria changed in space and time during observation period and between two considered sub-periods (1928-1975 and 1976-2001). In particular, we find that_ (i) the monthly distribution of landslides associated with rainfall events is quite different than that of all landslides in the regional catalogue; (ii) the spatial and temporal distribution of REL changed from the older (most events occurred in winter) to the recent period (most events occurred in autumn); (iii) the recent most rainfall events associated with landslides are characterized by a lower cumulated rainfall and a shorter duration, sign of an increased propensity of the regional territory to produce landslides over time.
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On the Prediction of Landslides and Their Consequences

Guzzetti F., 2021, On the Prediction of Landslides and Their Consequences, World Landslide Forum 5, Kyotp, 11/2021,

Abstract
The general assumptions and the most popular methods used to assess landslide hazard and for ...
The general assumptions and the most popular methods used to assess landslide hazard and for risk evaluation have not changed significantly in recent decades. Some of these assumptions have conceptual weakness, and the methods have revealed limitations. In this work, I deal with populations of landslides i.e. numerous landslides caused in an area by a single trigger (e.g. a rainstorm, an earthquake, a rapid snowmelt event), or by multiple events in a short or long period. Following an introduc- tion on what we need to predict to assess landslide hazard and risk, I introduce the strategies and the main methods currently used to detect and map landslides, to predict populations of landslides in space and time, and to anticipate the numerosity and size characteristics of the expected landslides. For landslide detection and mapping, I consider traditional methods based on the visual interpretation of aerial photographs, and modern approaches that exploit the visual, semi-automatic or automatic analysis of remotely sensed images. For landslide spatial prediction, I discuss the results of a global review of statistical, classification-based methods for landslide susceptibility assessment. For the temporal prediction, leveraging on a global analysis of geographical landslide forecasting and early warning systems, I discuss short term forecast capabilities and their limitations. Next, I discuss long term landslide projections considering the impact of climate variations on landslide projections. For landslide numerosity and size characteristics, I discuss existing statistics of landslide area and volume obtained from large populations of event-triggered landslides. This is followed by an analysis of the landslide consequences, with emphasis on a spatial-temporal model of societal landslide risk in Italy. I end offering recommendations on what I think we should do to make significant progress in our collective ability to predict the hazard posed by populations of landslides, and to mitigate their risk.
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Tendenze climatiche e flussi turistici_ prime analisi tratte dal Progetto europeo “INDECIS”

Roberto Coscarelli, Loredana Antronico, Francesco De Pascale, Anna Boqué Ciurana, Alba Font Barnet, Paolo A. Russo, Òscar Saladié Borraz, 2021, Tendenze climatiche e flussi turistici_ prime analisi tratte dal Progetto europeo “INDECIS”, Turismo, Paesaggio e Beni Culturali, edited by Giuseppe Tagarelli, Francesco Torchia, pp. 275–292. roma_ ARACNE editrice, 2021,

Abstract
Nell'ambito del lavoro ci si sofferma sulle percezioni da parte degli stakeholder del Parco Nazionale ...
Nell'ambito del lavoro ci si sofferma sulle percezioni da parte degli stakeholder del Parco Nazionale della Sila (Calabria), relative alle possibili relazioni tra servizi climatici e settore turistico. I dati qualitativi, ottenuti tramite un workshop svoltosi con il coinvolgimento degli stakeholders, tramite appositi "focus groups", riguardano_ a) individuazione dei potenziali utenti delle informazioni sul clima per il settore in esame e delle modalità attraverso cui queste informazioni possano influenzare le loro decisioni e le prospettive di business; b) determinazione del valore che questi attori attribuiscono a specifiche informazioni sul clima; c) disponibilità di dati selezionati sul rendimento del settore/prodotto/destinazione.
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The morphological response of the Tegnas alpine catchment (Northeast Italy) to a Large Infrequent Disturbance

Pellegrini G.; Martini L.; Cavalli M.; Rainato R.; Cazorzi A.; Picco L., 2021, The morphological response of the Tegnas alpine catchment (Northeast Italy) to a Large Infrequent Disturbance, Science of the total environment 770 (2021). doi_10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145209,

DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2021.145209

Abstract
A recent storm (27th-30th October 2018), named Vaia, hit most part of the Northeast of ...
A recent storm (27th-30th October 2018), named Vaia, hit most part of the Northeast of Italy affecting the geomorphic aspect of almost all mountain catchments of the area. The event triggered new instabilities such as windthrows, landslides and debris flows. At present, few studies dealt with the analysis of the impact of a Large Infrequent Disturbance at large catchment scale. This work provides a focus on the Tegnas Torrent Basin (Belluno Province) and aims at detecting how, where, and how much this storm affected the basin. Moreover, it integrates two different approaches considering both the dynamic and static aspects of the sediment, via DEM of Difference (DoD) and Index of Connectivity (IC), respectively. The Tegnas sub-basins responded contrastingly_ the Bordina (volcanic origin and covered by pastures and spruce forests) was mainly affected by windthrows (7% of the sub-basin area) and landslides (0.5%), while the Angheraz (outcropping dolomite rocks), was stricken only by debris flows (1.0%). Morphological changes were clear along the entire channel network, with predominant erosion in the steepest upstream parts (over 2 m of the channel elevation), and deposition in the lower main valley floor (over 3 m of the channel elevation). The IC analysis along the instabilities highlighted that the windthrows occurred mainly in areas of high connectivity, which may be important for future management strategies. Moreover, the proposed integrated approach, based on the combination IC-DoD, permitted a detailed identification of sediment routing and a contemporary estimation of erosion and deposition volumes generated by a high magnitude low-frequency event. Based on these results, cascading processes are expected and further analysis are required to fully consider the impact of a Large Infrequent Disturbance.
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Morphology, properties, and source of windblown sediments of the coastal dune field in the Gioia Tauro Plain, Calabria, southern Italy

Luigi Borrelli (a), Loredana Antronico (a),*, Emilia Le Pera (b), Barbara Pisano (c), Marino Sorriso-Valvo (a), 2021, Morphology, properties, and source of windblown sediments of the coastal dune field in the Gioia Tauro Plain, Calabria, southern Italy, Catena (Cremling.) 201 (2021). doi_10.1016/j.catena.2021.105193,

DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.catena.2021.105193

Abstract
Geomorphological investigations coupled with sedimentological, petrographical, and SEM analyses allowed to identify, for the first ...
Geomorphological investigations coupled with sedimentological, petrographical, and SEM analyses allowed to identify, for the first time, a paleo-fixed and inland aeolian dune field in the Gioia Tauro Plain, on the Tyrrhenian side of southern Calabria (southern Italy). The aeolian landforms, extended over an area of 43 km2, are characterized by smoothed and elongated NW-SE trending vegetation-fixed linear dunes, varying in height from a few meters up to 20 m. Forty sand samples were collected from dunes to perform laboratory analyses. Grain size analyses showed that samples are composed of unimodal coarse-grained sands (Mz = 0.820 ?), moderately sorted (? = 0.862), positively skewed (Sk1 = 0.173) and mesokurtic (KG = 1.115). Petrographic analyses highlighted a composition dominated by quartz and minor feldspars. Modal data, and especially the high F/Q ratio and the Rg_Rs:Rm triangular plot, suggest a plutoniclastic supply from the Aspromonte Massif crystalline source rocks. SEM analyses of sand grains clearly displayed the presence of typical wind-generated features mainly represented by rounded form with low relief, bulbous edges, and dish-shaped depressions. These results combined with morphological analyses showed that these aeolian deposits fall into the category of sand sheets. Furthermore, geological and geoarchaeological data evidenced that dune field was formed in the time interval between ~28 ka and the VI - IV century B.C. The dune filed formation has been interrupted presumably by the combined effect of Holocene tectonics, along the Gioia Tauro-San Ferdinando normal fault, and the lowering of sea level, during the Last Glacial period, originating a natural barrier to windblown sand particles. The findings of the paper will help in understanding both inland aeolian products in southern Europe associated to the second colder phase of the Last Glacial period in the Mediterranean area and the complex patterns of spatial and temporal distribution, as well as the control factors determining preservation of the aeolian sediments throughout the rock record.
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Geomorphic effects caused by heavy rainfall in the Corigliano-Rossano area (NE Calabria, Italy) on 12 August 2015

Rago V.; Lupiano V.; Chiaravalloti F.; Chiodo G.; Gabriele S.; Pellegrino A.D.; Terranova O.G.; Iovine G., 2021, Geomorphic effects caused by heavy rainfall in the Corigliano-Rossano area (NE Calabria, Italy) on 12 August 2015, Journal of maps 17 (2021): 280–289. doi_10.1080/17445647.2020.1867248,

DOI: 10.1080%2F17445647.2020.1867248

Abstract
The surroundings of Corigliano and Rossano (NE Calabria) were damaged by a short-lasting and localized ...
The surroundings of Corigliano and Rossano (NE Calabria) were damaged by a short-lasting and localized rainstorm on 12 August 2015, when more than 230 mm of rain in sixteen hours caused damage exceeding 100 million euros. In the Map, shallow landslides triggered by the event are shown at 1_50,000 scale, together with areas affected by soil erosion and flooding, and most damaged sites; historical landslides are also mapped. The main slope-stability controlling factors are mapped at 1_200,000 scale, and an event-based geomorphological landslide inventory of the most damaged sector (Citrea basin) is provided at 1_10,000 scale. Isohyets (cumulative over 16 h), as obtained by interpolating rain-gauge and weather-radar data by Kriging techniques, are shown together with the density of event landslides. Estimated rain maxima (ca. 506 mm in 16 h) by far overcome measured ones, and ground effects well fit the sectors heavily stricken by the storm.
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Preface to the Special Issue “Rainfall Thresholds and Other Approaches for Landslide Prediction and Early Warning”

Samuele Segoni, Stefano Luigi Gariano, Ascanio Rosi, 2021, Preface to the Special Issue “Rainfall Thresholds and Other Approaches for Landslide Prediction and Early Warning”, Water (Basel) 13 (2021). doi_10.3390/w13030323,

DOI: 10.3390%2Fw13030323

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Altimetry for the future_ Building on 25 years of progress

Abdalla, Saleh; Abdeh Kolahchi, Abdolnabi; Adusumilli, Susheel; Aich Bhowmick, Suchandra; Alou-Font, Eva; Amarouche, Laiba; Andersen, Ole Baltazar; Antich, Helena; Aouf, Lotfi; Arbic, Brian; Armitage, Thomas; Arnault, Sabine; Artana, Camila; Aulicino, Giuseppe; Ayoub, Nadia; Badulin, Sergei; Baker, Steven; Banks, Chris; Bao, Lifeng; Barbetta, Silvia; Barceló-Llull, Bàrbara; Barlier, François; Basu, Sujit; Bauer-Gottwein, Peter; Becker, Matthias; Beckley, Brian; Bellefond, Nicole; Belonenko, Tatyana; Benkiran, Mounir; Benkouider, Touati; Bennartz, Ralf; Benveniste, Jérôme; Bercher, Nicolas; Berge-Nguyen, Muriel; Bettencourt, Joao; Blarel, Fabien; Blazquez, Alejandro; Blumstein, Denis; Bonnefond, Pascal; Borde, Franck; Bouffard, Jérôme; Boy, François; Boy, Jean Paul; Brachet, Cédric; Brasseur, Pierre; Braun, Alexander; Brocca, Luca; Brockley, David; Brodeau, Laurent; Brown, Shannon; Bruinsma, Sean; Bulczak, Anna; Buzzard, Sammie; Cahill, Madeleine; Calmant, Stéphane; Calzas, Michel; Camici, Stefania; Cancet, Mathilde; Capdeville, Hugues; Carabajal, Claudia Cristina; Carrere, Loren; Cazenave, Anny; Chassignet, Eric P.; Chauhan, Prakash; Cherchali, Selma; Chereskin, Teresa; Cheymol, Cecile; Ciani, Daniele; Cipollini, Paolo; Cirillo, Francesca; Cosme, Emmanuel; Coss, Steve; Cotroneo, Yuri; Cotton, David; Couhert, Alexandre; Coutin-Faye, Sophie; Crétaux, Jean François; Cyr, Frederic; d'Ovidio, Francesco; Darrozes, José; David, Cedric; Dayoub, Nadim; De Staerke, Danielle; Deng, Xiaoli; Desai, Shailen; Desjonqueres, Jean Damien; Dettmering, Denise; Di Bella, Alessandro; Díaz-Barroso, Lara; Dibarboure, Gerald; Dieng, Habib Boubacar; Dinardo, Salvatore; Dobslaw, Henryk; Dodet, Guillaume; Doglioli, Andrea; Domeneghetti, Alessio; Donahue, David; Dong, Shenfu; Donlon, Craig; Dorandeu, Joël, 2021, Altimetry for the future_ Building on 25 years of progress, Advances in space research (2021). doi_10.1016/j.asr.2021.01.022,

DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.asr.2021.01.022

Abstract
In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved ...
In 2018 we celebrated 25 years of development of radar altimetry, and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences. Many symbolic major events have celebrated these developments, e.g., in Venice, Italy, the 15th (2006) and 20th (2012) years of progress and more recently, in 2018, in Ponta Delgada, Portugal, 25 Years of Progress in Radar Altimetry. On this latter occasion it was decided to collect contributions of scientists, engineers and managers involved in the worldwide altimetry community to depict the state of altimetry and propose recommendations for the altimetry of the future. This paper summarizes contributions and recommendations that were collected and provides guidance for future mission design, research activities, and sustainable operational radar altimetry data exploitation. Recommendations provided are fundamental for optimizing further scientific and operational advances of oceanographic observations by altimetry, including requirements for spatial and temporal resolution of altimetric measurements, their accuracy and continuity. There are also new challenges and new openings mentioned in the paper that are particularly crucial for observations at higher latitudes, for coastal oceanography, for cryospheric studies and for hydrology. The paper starts with a general introduction followed by a section on Earth System Science including Ocean Dynamics, Sea Level, the Coastal Ocean, Hydrology, the Cryosphere and Polar Oceans and the "Green" Ocean, extending the frontier from biogeochemistry to marine ecology. Applications are described in a subsequent section, which covers Operational Oceanography, Weather, Hurricane Wave and Wind Forecasting, Climate projection. Instruments' development and satellite missions' evolutions are described in a fourth section. A fifth section covers the key observations that altimeters provide and their potential complements, from other Earth observation measurements to in situ data. Section 6 identifies the data and methods and provides some accuracy and resolution requirements for the wet tropospheric correction, the orbit and other geodetic requirements, the Mean Sea Surface, Geoid and Mean Dynamic Topography, Calibration and Validation, data accuracy, data access and handling (including the DUACS system). Section 7 brings a transversal view on scales, integration, artificial intelligence, and capacity building (education and training). Section 8 reviews the programmatic issues followed by a conclusion.
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Modeling the response of soil moisture to climate variability in the Mediterranean region

Mimeau, Louise; Tramblay, Yves; Brocca, Luca; Massari, Christian; Camici, Stefania; Finaud-Guyot, Pascal, 2021, Modeling the response of soil moisture to climate variability in the Mediterranean region, Hydrology and earth system sciences 25 (2021): 653–669. doi_10.5194/hess-25-653-2021,

DOI: 10.5194%2Fhess-25-653-2021

Abstract
Future climate scenarios for the Mediterranean region indicate a possible decrease in annual precipitation associated ...
Future climate scenarios for the Mediterranean region indicate a possible decrease in annual precipitation associated with an intensification of extreme rainfall events in the coming years. A major challenge in this region is to evaluate the impacts of changing precipitation patterns on extreme hydrological events such as droughts and floods. For this, it is important to understand the impact of climate change on soil moisture since it is a proxy for agricultural droughts, and the antecedent soil moisture condition plays a key role on runoff generation. This study focuses on 10 sites, located in southern France, with available soil moisture, temperature, and precipitation observations for a 10-year time period. Soil moisture is simulated at each site at the hourly time step using a model of soil water content. The sensitivity of the simulated soil moisture to different changes in precipitation and temperature is evaluated by simulating the soil moisture response to temperature and precipitation scenarios generated using a delta change method for temperature and a stochastic model (the Neyman-Scott rectangular pulse model) for precipitation. Results show that soil moisture is more impacted by changes in precipitation intermittence than precipitation intensity and temperature. Overall, increased temperature and precipitation intensity associated with more intermittent precipitation leads to decreased soil moisture and an increase in the annual number of days with dry soil moisture conditions. In particular, a temperature increase of C4 C combined with a decrease of annual rainfall between 10% and 20 %, corresponding to the current available climate scenarios for the Mediterranean, lead to a lengthening of the drought period from June to October with an average of C28 d of soil moisture drought per year.
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Evaluation of satellite

Taghizadeh, Ehsan; Ahmadi-Givi, Farhang; Brocca, Luca; Sharifi, Ehsan, 2021, Evaluation of satellite, International journal of remote sensing (Print) 42 (2021): 3474–3497. doi_10.1080/01431161.2021.1875508,

DOI: 10.1080%2F01431161.2021.1875508

Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the satellite- and model-based precipitation products against a relatively dense ...
This study aims to evaluate the satellite- and model-based precipitation products against a relatively dense station network of Iran Meteorological Organization (IRIMO) from January 2015 to June 2018 at daily timescale over Iran. The evaluations are carried out based on continuous and categorical statistical metrics. First, we employed daily satellite soil moisture (SM) observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2) for estimating rainfall through the use of the relatively new SM2RAIN approach (SM2R-AMSR2). Next, we validated rainfall estimations from satellite/reanalysis products including version 05 daily Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) Early (IMERG-DE), Late (IMERG-DL), and Final Daily (IMERG-DF) Runs and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts' ReAnalysis Interim (ERA-Interim), ECMWF ReAnalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) and SM2R-AMSR2. Based on the probability density function (PDF), all satellite and model products capture more (less) precipitation events than the reference data set for precipitation under (upper) 5.0 mm day threshold. Regarding the mean absolute error (MAE) and root-mean-square error (RMSE) quantities, the ERA5 product has the lowest error relative to other products. Also, the threat score (TS) indicates that this product has the highest accuracy. ERA-Interim and IMERG-DF had roughly similar performances. The results reveal the overall superiority of ERA5 data over other products as it has the highest correlation with observation and the best discrimination between occurrence and non-occurrence of the precipitation events. Also, the results of spatial correlations show that ERAs have a higher agreement with in situ observation when compare to satellite products, over the north to northwest of Iran, where rain is formed mainly by synoptic-scale systems.
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A simple machine learning approach to model real-time streamflow using satellite inputs_ Demonstration in a data scarce catchment

Kumar, Ashish; Ramsankaran, R. A.A.J.; Brocca, Luca; Muñoz-Arriola, Francisco, 2021, A simple machine learning approach to model real-time streamflow using satellite inputs_ Demonstration in a data scarce catchment, Journal of hydrology (Amst.) 595 (2021). doi_10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126046,

DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2021.126046

Abstract
Real-time streamflow modeling is a challenging endeavor in regions where real-time ground-based hydro-meteorological observations are ...
Real-time streamflow modeling is a challenging endeavor in regions where real-time ground-based hydro-meteorological observations are scarce. Nevertheless, with the emergence of satellite remote sensing, some of the essential hydro-meteorological datasets such as rainfall and soil moisture are available in near real-time, which can circumvent the problem. In such scenario, machine learning (ML) approaches can be used to model streamflow even with limited real-time data. In view of this, the effectiveness of integrating satellite-based near real-time rainfall, i.e., Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission based (3B42RT V7), and Advance Scatterometer (ASCAT) based soil moisture observations through Support Vector Machine (SVM) for simulating streamflow in a poorly gauged catchment in India has been investigated. Results show that 3B42RT forced streamflow performed poorly compared to streamflow simulated using the observed gridded rainfall. This inferior performance is mainly attributed to errors in 3B42RT rainfall product. Hence, a recently developed SVM based error reduction model using ASCAT soil moisture data is used to correct 3B42RT. The obtained corrected satellite rainfall outperformed 3B42RT in streamflow simulations but still it is affected by notable errors. To further improve the streamflow estimates, ASCAT soil moisture is used as a predictor variable along with 3B42RT and the corrected satellite rainfall separately into SVM based streamflow modelling. Results indicate that this integration considerably improves the streamflow estimates with respect to the use of 3B42RT and corrected satellite rainfall individually. This is attributed to the crucial role of antecedent soil moisture for streamflow generation. Among all the tested scenarios, streamflow derived by the integration of soil moisture and corrected satellite rainfall showed the highest performance. Hence, it can be said that the proposed approach has considerable potential to model real time streamflow in the chosen poorly gauged catchment and possibly beyond. However, the approach needs detailed evaluation before applying in other such catchments.
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Detecting and mapping irrigated areas in a Mediterranean environment by using remote sensing soil moisture and a land surface model

Dari, Jacopo; Quintana-Seguí, Pere; Escorihuela, María José; Stefan, Vivien; Brocca, Luca; Morbidelli, Renato, 2021, Detecting and mapping irrigated areas in a Mediterranean environment by using remote sensing soil moisture and a land surface model, Journal of hydrology (Amst.) 596 (2021). doi_10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126129,

DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.jhydrol.2021.126129

Abstract
Although irrigation practices affect food production and water resource management, with ever more impacting effects ...
Although irrigation practices affect food production and water resource management, with ever more impacting effects under climate change and population increasing scenarios, detailed knowledge of irrigation is still lacking. In fact, explicit information on the spatial occurrence of irrigation and on the amounts of water used for this purpose is often not available, thus making irrigation the missing variable to comprehensively understand the hydrological cycle dynamics over agricultural areas. Nevertheless, remote sensing techniques can be used to delimit the irrigation extent. In this study, the capability of five remotely sensed soil moisture products to detect the irrigation signal over an area intensely equipped for irrigation in the North East of Spain is investigated; moreover, a method to map the actually irrigated areas based on the K-means clustering algorithm is proposed. The remote sensing soil moisture data sets used in this study are SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) at 1 km, SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) at 1 km and 9 km, Sentinel-1 at 1 km, and ASCAT (Advanced SCATterometer) at 12.5 km. The 1 km resolution versions of SMOS and SMAP are obtained by downscaling coarser SMOS and SMAP data through the DISPATCH (DISaggregation based on Physical And Theoretical scale CHange) algorithm. The analyses are supported by an additional data set of soil moisture at 1 km resolution simulated by the SURFEX-ISBA (SURFace EXternalisée - Interaction Sol Biosphère Atmosphère) land surface model. Among all the considered data sets, the L-band passive microwave downscaled products show the best performances in detecting the irrigation signal over the pilot area, especially SMAP at 1 km. The proposed maps of irrigated areas derived by exploiting soil moisture from SMAP at 1 km data set agree well (up to 78%) with the ground truth derived irrigated areas. Furthermore, the method is able to well distinguish the actually irrigated areas from rainfed agricultural areas, thus representing a useful tool to obtain reliable spatial information about the areas where irrigation actually occurs.
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Spatiotemporal drought monitoring using bottom-up precipitation dataset (SM2RAIN-ASCAT) over different regions of Iran

Koohi, Sakine; Azizian, Asghar; Brocca, Luca, 2021, Spatiotemporal drought monitoring using bottom-up precipitation dataset (SM2RAIN-ASCAT) over different regions of Iran, Science of the total environment 779 (2021). doi_10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146535,

DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.scitotenv.2021.146535

Abstract
Drought is a natural phenomenon that can significantly impacts on water resources studies, agricultural and ...
Drought is a natural phenomenon that can significantly impacts on water resources studies, agricultural and environmental societies around the world, hence, accurate spatio-temporal monitoring of drought is very important. In this research, a comparative analysis of a newly developed precipitation dataset, SM2RAIN-ASCAT (which is based on bottom-up approach), with 40 ground-measured Iranian Meteorological Organization (IMO) precipitation data are performed to estimate the precipitation and monitor the drought events over diverse climate regions of Iran. The SPI index, as a widely used drought index, at the temporal resolution ranging from one month to one year is used to this aim, and the outputs are analyzed based on the statistical and categorical metrics. Results indicated that the highest correlation coefficient (CC) and lowest root mean square error (RMSE) between SM2RAIN-ASCAT and in situ observations are found at 10-day and monthly time scales. Analyzing both datasets using FAR and POD indices in the mid and long-term time scales indicated that the SM2RAIN-ASCAT has a good performance in detecting rainy days. This product overestimate the precipitation values in extra-arid regions, while in humid and per-humid climate areas it tends to underestimation. Moreover, assessing the reliability of this product for drought monitoring showed that the SPI at 1, 3 and 6 month time scales are in good agreement with ground-based observations over different climate regions of Iran. At these temporal resolutions, the CC value between SPIs calculated based on in situ observations and SM2RAIN-ASCAT is higher than 0.7 in more than 75% of the meteorological stations. The efficiency of SM2RAIN-ASCAT in detecting drought periods in extra-arid and arid zones is relatively better than that of in humid and per-humid climates. In addition, the performance of this product for capturing wet periods in extra-arid to semi-arid regions is better than that of in Mediterranean and humid zones. Overall, the outcomes of this study demonstrated that SM2RAIN-ASCAT, despite poor performance in estimating precipitation in some regions, can be considered as a complementary to ground-gauge observations or an appropriate alternative dataset for drought analysis, especially in arid and semi-arid regions which include most parts of the world.
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ATTIVITÀ DI MONITORAGGIO IDROGEOLOGICO PERIODICO DELLE ACQUE SOTTERRANEE IN CONTRADA MARTUCCI, COMUNE DI CONVERSANO (BARI) – VIII Rapporto di Progresso

Giorgio De Giorgio Limoni Pier Paolo Polemio Maurizio Zuffianò Livia Emanuela, 2021, ATTIVITÀ DI MONITORAGGIO IDROGEOLOGICO PERIODICO DELLE ACQUE SOTTERRANEE IN CONTRADA MARTUCCI, COMUNE DI CONVERSANO (BARI) – VIII Rapporto di Progresso, 2021,

Abstract
campionamento di acque sotterranee con determinazioni in sito dei parametri chimico-fisici non stabili e misure ...
campionamento di acque sotterranee con determinazioni in sito dei parametri chimico-fisici non stabili e misure piezometriche.
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Morphological changes detection of a large earthflow using archived images, lidar-derived dtm, and uav-based remote sensing

Conforti M.; Mercuri M.; Borrelli L., 2021, Morphological changes detection of a large earthflow using archived images, lidar-derived dtm, and uav-based remote sensing, Remote sensing (Basel) 13 (2021): 1–25. doi_10.3390/rs13010120,

DOI: 10.3390%2Frs13010120

Abstract
In mountainous landscapes, where strongly deformed pelitic sediments outcrop, earthflows can dominate denudation processes and ...
In mountainous landscapes, where strongly deformed pelitic sediments outcrop, earthflows can dominate denudation processes and landscape evolution. This paper investigated geological and geomorphological features and space-time evolution over a 65-year time span (1954-2019) of a large earthflow, representative of wide sectors of the Apennine chain of southern Italy. The landslide, with a maximum length of 1.85 × 10 m, affects an area of 4.21 × 10 m and exhibits two source zones_ a narrow and elongated transport zone and a lobate accumulation zone. Spatial and temporal morphological changes of the earthflow were assessed, comparing multi-source and multi-temporal data (aerial photographs, Google Earth satellite images, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) system data). Geomorphic changes, quantified using Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) of differences, highlighted an extensive lowering of the topographic surface in the source area and a significant uplift at the landslide toe. Moreover, the multi-temporal analysis showed a high increase of landslide surface (more than 66%) during the last 65 years. The volumetric analyses showed that different sectors of the earthflow were active at different times, with different rates of topographic change. Overall, the used approach highlighted the great potentiality of the integration of multi-source and multi-temporal data for the diachronic reconstruction of morphological landslide evolution.
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Taking into account change of support when merging heterogeneous spatial data for field partition

G. Buttafuoco, R. Quarto, F. Quarto, M. Conforti, A. Venezia, C. Vitti, A. Castrignanò, 2021, Taking into account change of support when merging heterogeneous spatial data for field partition, Precision agriculture (Print) 22 (2021): 586–607. doi_10.1007/s11119-020-09781-9,

DOI: 10.1007%2Fs11119-020-09781-9

Abstract
The paper describes a geostatistical approach for combining multi-source data with different support for field ...
The paper describes a geostatistical approach for combining multi-source data with different support for field delineation into homogeneous soil zones. It takes into account change of support explicitly given the critical influence of spatial resolution on the statistical characteristics of estimates. Geophysical and hyperspectral data were used in combination with soil chemical properties measured in the laboratory on 50 samples collected in a field cropped with Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, L. cv San Marzano). The approach consisted in performing Gaussian anamorphosis with support correction, multi-collocated block cokriging and factorial block cokriging to jointly analyse all data. Two regionalised factors at different spatial scales were retained to split the field into homogeneous zones for site-specific management. The results emphasize the impact of spatial scale on site-specific management.
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Regional Approaches in Forecasting Rainfall-Induced Landslides

Maria Teresa Brunetti, Massimo Melillo, Stefano Luigi Gariano, Luca Ciabatta, Luca Brocca, Silvia Peruccacci, 2021, Regional Approaches in Forecasting Rainfall-Induced Landslides, Monitoring and Early Warning, pp. 251–255, 2021,

Abstract
Hydrogeological hazards now exacerbated by the ongoing climate change pose serious challenges for the safety of the ...
Hydrogeological hazards now exacerbated by the ongoing climate change pose serious challenges for the safety of the population worldwide. Among the others, the landslide risk can be mitigated by setting up efficient and reliable early warning systems. To date, rainfall thresholds are one of the most used tools to forecast the possible occurrence of rainfall-induced failures in large regions. In Italy a dense rain gauge network with hourly or sub-hourly temporal resolution is available. However, in some developing countries, where ground measurements are still absent or are available at coarser (daily) temporal resolution, satellite-based rainfall estimates could be a vital alternative. For this purpose, the reliability of rainfall thresholds defined using both satellite (SB) and ground-based (GB) data and with hourly or daily temporal resolution is assessed in a study area comprising the Abruzzo, Marche and Umbria regions (AMU), central Italy. The comparison between the performance of the different products allows to test their capability in eventually can GB rainfall measurements are gathered at hourly time steps (OBS-H) from a national network and aggregated on a daily scale (OBS-D); SB rainfall estimates are retrieved from the Climate Prediction Center Morphing Technique (CMORPH, hourly resolution), and from the SM2RASC product, based on the application of SM2RAIN algorithm to ASCAT (Advanced SCATterometer) soil moisture product (daily resolution). Results show that thresholds defined with GB rainfall data perform better than those obtained using SB estimates regardless of the temporal resolution. CMORPH and SM2RASC thresholds are still able to predict landslide occurrence although with a high number of false predictions.
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Seawater Intrusion Proneness and Geophysical Investigations in the Metaponto Coastal Plain (Basilicata, Italy)

Muzzillo Rosalba, Zuffianò Livia Emanuela, Rizzo Enzo, Canora Filomena, Capozzoli Luigi, Giampaolo Valeria, De Giorgio Giorgio, Sdao Francesco and Polemio Maurizio, 2021, Seawater Intrusion Proneness and Geophysical Investigations in the Metaponto Coastal Plain (Basilicata, Italy), Water (Basel) 13 (2021): Art.53-1–Art.53-14. doi_10.3390/w13010053,

DOI: 10.3390%2Fw13010053

Abstract
The Metaponto coastal plain extends about 40 km along the Ionian coast, between the Sinni ...
The Metaponto coastal plain extends about 40 km along the Ionian coast, between the Sinni and Bradano Rivers (southern Italy). During the 20th century, the increases in modern irrigation systems, land reclamation works, the overexploitation of wells, and agricultural and industrial activities have deeply modified land use and groundwater availability and quality along the plain. These modifications negatively impacted the natural systems in terms of groundwater and soil salinization, magnifying the risks due to seawater intrusion. In this study, we explored the proneness to seawater intrusion, testing a multidisciplinary approach based on hydrochemical and geophysical investigations. A significant portion of the coastal plain was selected for this purpose. A set of 49 groundwater samples was analyzed to define the chemical characteristics of the water and geoelectrical measurements were recorded along three long profiles. The geoelectrical surveys showed in detail the aquifer bottom pattern where it is deeply incised by paleovalleys, defining the main hydrostratigraphic features, as it is necessary to prevent seawater intrusion worsening. The hydrochemical data highlighted areas with higher seawater intrusion proneness. The acquired measurements show the high proneness to seawater intrusion, especially where the aquifer bottom is very deep below the sea level, also far from the coast, and the relevance of the detailed knowledge of the aquifer bottom in supporting any kind of management.
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Mapping the global threat of land subsidence

Gerardo Herrera-García (1-2-3), Pablo Ezquerro (1-4), Roberto Tomás (2-5), Marta Béjar-Pizarro (1), Juan López-Vinielles (1-6), Mauro Rossi (7), Rosa M. Mateos (1-3), Dora Carreón-Freyre (2-8), John Lambert (2-9), Pietro Teatini (2-10), Enrique Cabral-Cano (2-11), Gilles Erkens (2-12-13), Devin Galloway (14-2), Wei-Chia Hung (2-15), Najeebullah Kakar (2-16), Michelle Sneed (17-2), Luigi Tosi (2-18), Hanmei Wang (2-19), Shujun Ye (2-20), 2021, Mapping the global threat of land subsidence, Science (New York, N.Y.) 371 (2021): 34–36. doi_10.1126/science.abb8549,

DOI: 10.1126%2Fscience.abb8549

Abstract
Subsidence, the lowering of Earth's land surface, is a potentially destructive hazard that can be ...
Subsidence, the lowering of Earth's land surface, is a potentially destructive hazard that can be caused by a wide range of natural or anthropogenic triggers but mainly results from solid or fluid mobilization underground. Subsidence due to groundwater depletion (1) is a slow and gradual process that develops on large time scales (months to years), producing progressive loss of land elevation (centimeters to decimeters per year) typically over very large areas (tens to thousands of square kilometers) and variably affects urban and agricultural areas worldwide. Subsidence permanently reduces aquifer-system storage capacity, causes earth fissures, damages buildings and civil infrastructure, and increases flood susceptibility and risk. During the next decades, global population and economic growth will continue to increase groundwater demand and accompanying groundwater depletion (2) and, when exacerbated by droughts (3), will probably increase land subsidence occurrence and related damages or impacts. To raise awareness and inform decision-making, we evaluate potential global subsidence due to groundwater depletion, a key first step toward formulating effective land-subsidence policies that are lacking in most countries worldwide.
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