Parise M., 2002, Landslide hazard zonation of slopes susceptible to rock falls and topples,
2_1 (2002): 37–49.,
Parise M., 2002, Caratteri geologici e geomorfologici dei laghi carsici di Conversano (Murge di sud-est),
3 (2002): 43–88.,
Mortara G., Mercalli L., 2002, Il Lago Effimero sul Ghiacciaio del Belvedere, Macugnaga, Monte Rosa,
7 (2002): 10–17.,
Mortara G., 2002, Niente di nuovo sotto la pioggia (gli insegnamenti del passato),
7 (2002): 38–47.,
Mercalli L., Mortara G. Tamburini A., 2002, Il ghiacciaio sospeso della Croce Rossa, Valli di Lanzo_ misure ed evoluzione recente,
7 (2002): 18–26.,
Mercalli L., Cat Berro D., Mortara G., Valla F., 2002, Glaciorisk: un progetto europeo per conoscere e prevenire il rischio glaciale,
7 (2002): 28–32.,
Mercalli L., Cat Berro D., Mortara G. ,Tamburini A., 2002, Un lago sul Ghiacciaio del Rocciamelone, Alpi Occidentali_ caratteristiche e rischio potenziale,
7 (2002): 3–9.,
Mercalli L., Cat Berro D., Castellano C., Mortara G., 2002, Bilancio di massa sul Ghiacciaio Ciardoney (Gran Paradiso): dieci anni di misure,
7 (2002): 33–53.,
Luino F., Bassi M., Fassi P., Belloni A., Padovan N., 2002, L’importanza delle notizie pregresse quale supporto allo studio geomorfologico per l’individuazione delle aree potenzialmente inondabili ai fini urbanistici_ il fondovalle del Torrente Pioverna (Valsassina, Lombardia),
1 (2002): 95–109.,
Lollino G., Tropeano D., Turconi L., 2002, Sintesi degli eventi di piena e frana avvenuti nell’anno 2001 in Italia Nord Occidentale,
GEAM. Geoingegneria ambientale e mineraria 105 (2002): 27–43.,
Genevois R., Galgaro A., Tecca P.R., Deganutti A.M., 2002, Sistema di monitoraggio dei debris flow ad Acquabona (BL),
Quaderni di geologia applicata 1-1 (2002): 137–144.,
Delle Rose M., Reina A., 2002, La Grotta dei Cervi_ speleogenesi e microclima,
Grotte e dintorni 4 (2002): 27–36.,
Abstract
The development of the "Grotta dei Cervi" (southern Apulia, Italy) has carried out trough geological ...
The development of the "Grotta dei Cervi" (southern Apulia, Italy) has carried out trough geological and speleological researches.
The origin of the cave happened according to the concept of pressure-tube flow (shallow phreatic theories). This phase started not before than the lower Messinian. Phreatic condition and air flow dissolution probably alternated until the middle Pliocene. Filling cave and speleothems formation started not before than upper Pleistocene.
On the base of a microclimate survey has recognized some features of the circulation of the air flows in the cave. Moreover, an hypothesis on the presence of an unknown entrance has formulated.
De Feyter A.J., Delle Rose M., 2002, The Laga detachment zone in the M. Marine Anticline (Central Apennines, Italy),
v.s.1 (2002): 219–227.,
Cotecchia V., Daurù M., Limoni P.P., Mitolo D., Polemio M., 2002, La valutazione della vulnerabilità integrata degli acquiferi. La sperimentazione nell’area campione di Corigliano in Salento,
Acque sotterranee 77 (2002): 9–20.,
Abstract
Si descrivono le metodologie utilizzate e i risultati conseguiti con uno studio di dettaglio di ...
Si descrivono le metodologie utilizzate e i risultati conseguiti con uno studio di dettaglio di un'area campione dell'unità idrogeologica del Salento (Puglia), costituita da un vasto acquifero carbonatico mesozoico.
Tale area, rappresentativa sia degli aspetti idrogeologici tipici delle zone di alimentazione del Salento sia degli effetti dell'antropizzazione, è sede di nurnerosi pozzi adibiti ad uso potabile.
Lo studio è stato finalizzato alla redazione della carta della vulnerabilità dell'acquifero con ii metodo SINTACS. La natura sperimentale dell'applicazione è legata alle peculiarità dell'acquifero salentino e all'assenza di esperienze pregresse per tale contesto.
Sono stati effettuati rilievi diretti, prove idrogeologiche e piü cicli di campionarnento idrico ed analisi di laboratorio.
I centri di pericolo sono stati censiti sulla base delle banche dati disponibili ed ispezionando ii territorio. L'infiltrazione si è dirnostrata molto rapida, anche laddove l'acquifero non affiora.
La vulnerabilità è risultata notevole, da alta a molto elevata. La qualita delle acque, per quanto tuttora buona, si è dimostrata sensibile alla posizione e all'azione dei centri di pericolo. I rischi di degrado qualitativo sono risultati non trascurabili.
Beccarisi L., Cacciatore G., Chiriacò L., Delle Rose M., Giuri F., Lisi G., Marras V., Quarta V., 2002, Il carsismo di Serra Cicora,
4 (2002): 286–295.,
Sorriso-Valvo M., 2002, Frane in montagna,
8 (2002): 14–17.,
Marcolongo B., Spandre R., Spinicci A., Cerella S., 2002, Caratterizzazione idrochimica delle acque sotterranee nella conoide del F. Panaro,
9/2 (2002): 157–165.,
Bernasconi M.P., Le Pera E., Critelli S., Randazzo G., Amore C., 2002, Caratteri sedimentologici ed ecologici del delta del fiume Neto, Calabria orientale,
1 (2002): 7–18.,
Antonelli R., Marcolongo B., Pilli A., Zaja A., Zambrano R., 2002, Nuovi contributi sull’inquinamento della falda freatica nella pianura alluvionale a sud di Verona,
9/1 (2002): 75–88.,
Marcolongo B., Spandre R., Spinicci A., Cerella S., 2002, Integrazione dei modelli WATER e GNDCI-CNR ‘Metodo-Base’ per una nuova valutazione della vulnerabilità delle risorse idriche sotterranee nella conoide del F. Panaro,
9/2 (2002): 167–177.,
Tortorici G. (1), Bianca M. (1), Monaco M. (1), Tortorici L. (1), Tansi C. (2), De Guidi G. (1), Catalano S. (1), 2002, Quaternary normal faulting and marine terracing in the area of Capo Vaticano and S. Eufemia Plain (Southern Calabria, Italy),
Studi Geologici Camerti. Nuova Serie 2 (2002): 1–16.,
Ardizzone F., Cardinali M., Carrara A., Guzzetti F., Reichenbach P., 2002, Uncertainty and errors in landslide mapping and landslide hazard assessment,
2_1-2 (2002): 3–14.,
Brochot S., Marchi L., Lang M., 2002, L’estimation des volumes des laves torrentielles_ méthodes disponibles et application au torrent du Poucet (Savoie),
Bulletin of engineering geology and the environment (Print) 61 (2002): 389–402. doi_10.1007/s10064-002-0164-3,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs10064-002-0164-3
Abstract
En ingénierie des risques torrentiels, la
connaissance des volumes des laves torrentielles est
indispensable. Cet exercice est ...
En ingénierie des risques torrentiels, la
connaissance des volumes des laves torrentielles est
indispensable. Cet exercice est difficile du fait notamment
de la méconnaissance des processus de
de´clenchement et de la complexité de ces écoulements.
Par contre, les matériaux transportés constituent
fréquemment des dépôts caractéristiques
dont le volume peut être évalué et archivé. Un
important gisement de données peut ainsi être
valorisé par des approches globales. Cet article
présente, de façon détaillée, trois types de méthodes
globales et leur application à l'estimation des
volumes de laves du torrent du Poucet (Savoie,
France): à partir d'une analyse fréquentielle d'une
chronologie d'événements historiques, à l'aide de
modèles sommaires, et enfin au travers d'une approche
géomorphologique. Comparés, les résultats
montrent leur grande dispersion. S'appuyant sur les
fondements de chaque méthode et des travaux
antérieurs de validation, la conclusion préconise
pour l'ingénierie une démarche les associant dans
un ordre privilégiant analyse fréquentielle et
approche géomorphologique.
Chiarle M., Mortara G., 2002, I ghiacciai come rischio ambientale,
SLM (Bologna) 8 (2002): 51–51.,
Abstract
I ghiacciai come rischio ambientale ...
I ghiacciai come rischio ambientale
Deline P., Chiarle M., Mortara G., 2002, The frontal ice avalanche of Frebouge Glacier (Mont Blanc Massif, Valley of Aosta, NW Italy) on 18 september 2002,
25 (2002): 101–104.,
Haeberli W. (a), Kaeaeb A. (a), Paul F. (a), Chiarle M. (b), Mortara G. (b), Mazza A. (c), Deline P. (d), Richardson S. (e), 2002, A surge-type movement et Ghiacciaio del Belvedere and a developing slope instability in the east face of Monte Rosa, Macugnaga, Italian Alps,
Norsk geografisk tidsskrift (Online) 56 (2002): 104–111. doi_10.1080/002919502760056422,
DOI: 10.1080%2F002919502760056422
Abstract
Extraordinary development s are taking place at Ghiacciaio del Belvedere near Macugnaga, Valle Anzasca, in ...
Extraordinary development s are taking place at Ghiacciaio del Belvedere near Macugnaga, Valle Anzasca, in the Italian Alps. A
surge-type ow acceleration started in the lower parts of the Monte-Rosa east face, leading to strong crevassing and deformation of
Ghiacciaio del Belvedere, with extreme bulging of its orographic right margin. High water pressure and accelerated movement
lasted into winter 2001/2002: in places, the ice is now starting to override moraines from the Little Ice Age. In addition, but fairly
independently , a most active detachment zone for rock falls and debris ows has been developing for several years now in the east
face of Monte Rosa. Besides the scienti c interest in these separate phenomena, both events affect the growing hazard potentia l to
the local infrastructure and must be considered seriously.
Iovine G., Di Gregorio S., 2002, Simulazione di colate detritiche mediante Automi Cellulari_ riflessioni sull’applicazione del modello SCIDDICA (versione S2),
122 (2002): 63–84.,
Iovine G., Parise M., 2002, Schema illustrato per la classificazione ed il rilievo dei danni da frana in aree urbane,
57 (2002): 595–603.,
Antonini G., Ardizzone F., Cardinali M., Galli M., Guzzetti F., Reichenbach P., 2002, Surface deposits and landslide inventory map of the area affected by the 1997 Umbria-Marche earthquakes,
Sp.1 (2002): 843–853.,
Turcotte D.L., Malamud B.D, Guzzetti F., Reichenbach P., 2002, Self-organization, the cascade model and natural hazards,
99 (2002): 2530–2537.,
Wasowski J. 1, Del Gaudio V. 2, Pierri P. 3, Capolongo D. 4, 2002, Factors controlling seismic susceptibility of the Sele valley slopes_ the case of 1980 Irpinia earthquake re-examined,
Surveys in geophysics 23 (2002): 563–593.,
Abstract
Most of the documented slope failures triggered by the 1980 Irpinia
earthquake (Ms 6.9) occurred in ...
Most of the documented slope failures triggered by the 1980 Irpinia
earthquake (Ms 6.9) occurred in the upper Sele valley epicentral area
(southern Italy). The early investigations revealed some puzzling
characteristics of the slope failure distribution, i.e. (i) the higher
landslide concentration on the valley slopes located farther away from the
earthquake fault; (ii) the predominance of re-activations over first-time
movements. The analyses of factors controlling the landslide concentrations
indicates that the differences in hydrological setting and in slope were
the two main causal factors whereas the seismic shaking, according to the
radiation pattern modelling, could have been characterised by a relatively
low rate of decrease across the valley. The aspect of the slopes did not
play a significant role. The differences in groundwater conditions between
the western and eastern valley sides were likely enhanced by the
earthquake. In addition to the probable pore-water pressure rise, the
seismic shaking caused large increases in flow of springs draining the
western aquifer, and this made the adjacent flysch slopes more prone to
landsliding. Data from available literature suggest that the effects of
earthquake-induced groundwater release on seismic landslide distribution is
especially important for normal-fault events. The Sele valley case also
indicates that the slope of the pre-existing landslides is an important factor controlling their susceptibility to seismic re-activations.
D?AMBROSIO D. (1), DI GREGORIO S. (1), IOVINE G. (2), LUPIANO V. (2), MERENDA L. (2), RONGO R. (3), SPATARO W. (2), 2002, Simulating the Curti-Sarno debris flow through cellular automata_ the model SCIDDICA (release S2),
Physics and chemistry of the earth (2002) 27 (2002): 1577–1585. doi_10.1016/S1474-7065(02)00179-1,
DOI: 10.1016%2FS1474-7065(02)00179-1
Abstract
Cellular automata (CA) are based on a regular division of the space in cells. Each ...
Cellular automata (CA) are based on a regular division of the space in cells. Each cell embeds an identical finite automaton, whose input is given by the states of neighbouring cells. The transition function of the CA is made of a set of rules, simultaneously applied, step by step, to each cell of the cellular space. Rules are derived by subdividing, in computational terms, the physical phenomenon into a set of independent, elementary processes. By properly combining each elementary result, the behaviour of the
phenomenon can be simulated.
Debris flows are dense mixtures of sediment and water, which surge down the slopes and along the drainage system, characterised by severe destructive potential. They can be described in terms of local interactions among their elementary portions, and can thus be efficiently modelled through CA. Debris-flows rheologic equations cannot be easily solved without making substantial simplifications. By applying CA, a phenomenological description - able to overcome resource computational limits - can be obtained.
On May 1998, hundreds of soil slip-debris flows were triggered by exceptional rains in Campania (Italy), mostly on the slopes of Pizzo dAlvano. Aiming at modelling purposes, the Curti debris flow was selected as a case study, among the whole population of landslides triggered by the event.
The general frame of SCIDDICA_S2 is inherited from previous releases, recently applied for the simulation of the 1992 Tessina (Italy) earth flow and of the 1984 Mt. Ontake (Japan) debris avalanche. Since its S1 release, the model satisfactorily simulated the Curti-Sarno debris flow. Latest improvements to the transition function led to the S2 release, and to better simulations (presented here). SCIDDICA exhibits a notable flexibility in modelling and simulating flow-like landslides. It could be usefully applied in
hazard mapping (also through a statistical approach), and in evaluating the effects of either human works or accidents along the path of the flow.
Moramarco T. 1, Singh V.P. 2, 2002, Accuracy of kinematic wave and diffusion wave for spatial-varying rainfall excess over a plane,
Hydrological processes (Print) 16 (2002): 3419–3435.,
Abstract
The kinematic-wave and diffusive-wave approximations were investigated for
unsteady overland flow due to spatially varying ...
The kinematic-wave and diffusive-wave approximations were investigated for
unsteady overland flow due to spatially varying rainfall excess. Three
types of boundary conditions were adopted_ zero flow at the upstream end,
and critical flow and zero depth-gradient at the downstream end. Errors
were derived by comparing the dimensionless profiles of the flow depth
over the plane with those computed from the dynamic-wave solution. It was
found that the mean errors for both the approximations were independent of
the type of rainfall excess distribution for , where K is the kinematic-
wave number and F0 is the Froude number. Therefore, the regions ( F0)
where the kinematic-wave and diffusive-wave solutions would be fairly
accurate and for any distribution of spatially varying rainfall, were
characterized. The kinematic-wave approximation was reasonably accurate,
with a mean error of less than 5% and for the critical depth at downstream
end, for with F0¡Ü1; if the rainfall excess was concentrated in a
portion of the plane, the field where the kinematic-wave solution was
found accurate, it was more limited and characterized for with F0¡Ü1.
The diffusive-wave solution was in good agreement with the dynamic-wave
solution with a mean error of less than 5%, in the flow depth, for with
F0¡Ü1; for rainfall excess concentrated in a portion of the plane, the
accuracy of the diffusion wave solution was in a region more restricted
and defined for with F0¡Ü1. For zero-depth gradient at downstream end,
the accuracy field of the kinematic-wave was found more large and
characterized for with F0¡Ü1; for rainfall excess concentrated in a
portion of the plane, the region was smaller and defined for with F0¡Ü1.
The diffusive-wave solution was found accurate in the region defined
for , whereas for rainfall excess concentrated in a portion of the plane,
the field of accuracy was for with F0¡Ü1. The lower limits of the
regions, defined on , can be considered generally valid for both
approximations, but for F0<1 smaller lower limits were also characterized.
Finally, the accuracy of these approximations was significantly influenced
by the downstream boundary condition.
Melone F. 1, Corradini C. 2, Singh V.P. 3, 2002, Lag prediction in ungauged basins_ an investigation through actual data of the Upper Tiber River valley,
Hydrological processes (Print) 16 (2002): 1085–1094.,
Abstract
A comparative analysis of a variety of relations for prediction of basin
lag is performed ...
A comparative analysis of a variety of relations for prediction of basin
lag is performed by applying them to 23 basins located in the same
geographic area and characterized by a rather similar vegetative cover.
The results of computations indicate that a lag-area relation with two
constant parameters is the best predictor for most basins; under different
vegetative covers in the same basin only one parameter should be variable.
For a few other basins characterized by an anomalous drainage channel
network of low density, such a relationship can lead to unacceptable
errors. Thus, there is a need for an additional relationship to overcome
this difficulty, but a larger number of anomalous basins would be required
for its determination. An alternative procedure, based on the use of the
nonlinear kinematic wave, which at least allows to single out the cases
where a specific lag-area relationship is not reliable, is proposed. This
procedure, therefore, represents a partial but very useful solution to
avoid considerable errors in hydrologic practice.
Marchi L., Arattano M., Deganutti A.M., 2002, Ten years of debris-flow monitoring in the Moscardo Torrent (Italian Alps),
Geomorphology (Amst.) 46 (2002): 1–17. doi_10.1016/S0169-555X(01)00162-3,
DOI: 10.1016%2FS0169-555X(01)00162-3
Abstract
Field data on debris flows are of utmost importance for improving knowledge
of these hazardous phenomena ...
Field data on debris flows are of utmost importance for improving knowledge
of these hazardous phenomena and for the development of attenuation
measures. In alpine basins, debris flows generally occur with a frequency
high enough to create serious risk to human settlements and transportation
routes, but too low to justify monitoring activity capable of providing
enough data in a sufficiently short time. The Moscardo Torrent, a small
stream in the Eastern Italian Alps, is an exception to this general
situation since it displays a high frequency of debris flows (commonly at
least one event per year). In 1989, this torrent was instrumented and the
results of the following 10 years (19891998) of debris-flow monitoring are
presented, with an analysis of collected data. The equipment installed
allowed measurement of rainfall, flow stage and ground vibrations caused by
debris flows. Other important debris-flow variables, that is, mean front
velocity, peak discharge and flowing volume were estimated from
instrumental records. Video pictures have proved to be useful for the
visual interpretation of debris-flow waves and have made it possible to
estimate the surface velocity of debris flows. Recorded data are compared
with other experimental data sets collected and documented worldwide.
Advantages and shortcomings of different types of sensors are discussed
with relevance both for research monitoring purposes and for possible use
in debris-flow warning systems.
Lollino G., Arattano M., Cuccureddu M., 2002, The use of the automatic inclinometric system for landslide early warning_ the case of Cabella Ligure (North-Western Italy),
27 (2002): 1545–1550.,
Abstract
Following the flood events occurred in the 1993 autumn, a landslide
affecting the village of ...
Following the flood events occurred in the 1993 autumn, a landslide
affecting the village of Montaldo di Cosola was reactivated. Montaldo di
Cosola is a small village located in North-Western Italy, on the
Appennines Mountains. Historical data report of at least another similar
episode occurred about one century ago.
The landslide takes place over debris deposits about 20-35 m deep,
produced by an ancient landslide event. Underneath these debris deposits
there is an altered layer of the calcareous-marly substratum of the
Antola formation. The landslide, almost certainly triggered by the
incision of the Rio Montaldo, has a probable rotational geometry and
takes place through slow and progressive continuous movements. The
landslide typology impedes a precise dimensional definition. Only the
order of magnitude of the main scarp width, which is of hundreds of
meters, and the order of magnitude of the landslide volume, which is of
some hundreds of thousands of cubic meters, can be indicated.
A complex monitoring network has been installed in the area. This network
includes an Automatic Inclinometric System (AIS) that automatically
performs measurements, twice a day, along the entire length of a pipe
that is 45 meters deep. Measurements are taken every 50 cm and are then
broadcasted to the remote station in Torino.
After the exceptional meteorological events occurred in October 2000, the
AIS measured significant movements that have not yet stopped. On the
basis of these available data it has been possible to locate the sliding
surface at a depth of about 13 meters at the level of a sandy-silty layer
with some clay lenses inside. The movements measurements performed so far
reveal a good correlation with the rainfalls. In particular it has been
possible to identify a time lag of about 8-9 days between the occurrence
of a rainfall peak and the corresponding peak in the recorded movements
produced by these rainfalls.
Guzzetti F. 1, Malamud B.D. 2, Turcotte D.L. 3 , Reichenbach P. 4, 2002, Power-law correlations of landslide areas in Central Italy.,
Earth and planetary science letters 195 (2002): 169–183.,
Abstract
We have studied the frequency-area statistics of landslides in central
Italy. We consider two data ...
We have studied the frequency-area statistics of landslides in central
Italy. We consider two data sets. Data set A contains 16 809 landslide
areas in the UmbriaMarche area of central Italy; they represent a
reconnaissance inventory of very old, old, and recent (modern) landslides.
The noncumulative frequency-area distribution of these landslides
correlates well with a power-law relation, exponent 2.5, over the range
0.03 km2 < AL < 4 km2. Data set B contains 4233 landslides that were
triggered by a sudden change in temperature on 1 January 1997, resulting in
extensive melting of snow cover. An inventory of these snow-melt triggered
landslides was obtained from aerial photographs taken 3 months after the
event. These landslides also correlate well with a power-law relation with
exponent 2.5, over the range 0.001 km2 < AL < 0.1 km2. We show that the
correlation of data set B is essentially identical to the correlation of 11
000 landslides triggered by the 17 January 1994 Northridge, California
earthquake. We attribute a rollover for small landslides in data set A to
incompleteness of the record due to erosion and other processes, and to
limitations in the reconnaissance mapping technique used to complete the
inventory. On the other hand, we conclude that rollovers for small
landslides in data set B and the California earthquake data are real and
are associated with the surface morphology. We conclude that the power-law
distribution is valid over a wide range of landslide areas and discuss
possible reasons. We also discuss the contribution of the snow-melt and
earthquake triggered landslide events to the total landslide inventory.
Guzzetti F. 1, Crosta G. 2, Detti R. 3, Agliardi F. 4, 2002, STONE: a computer program for the three-dimensional simulation of rock-falls,
Computers & geosciences 28_09 (2002): 1079–1093.,
Abstract
Rock-fall poses a continuous hazard in mountain areas world wide. Despite
the fact that rock-fall is ...
Rock-fall poses a continuous hazard in mountain areas world wide. Despite
the fact that rock-fall is a simple landslide type to model only a few
attempts have been made to establish rock-fall hazard and the associated
risk at regional scales. We developed a 3-dimensional simulation program
that generates simple maps useful to assess rock-fall hazard, using GIS
technology to manipulate existing thematic information available in digital
format. The program requires as input a DTM, the location of rock-fall
detachment areas, the dynamic friction coefficient used to simulate the
loss of velocity during rolling, and the coefficients for normal and
tangential energy restitution at the impact points. The program allows for
the natural variability of the input data by using a random component
approach. Raster outputs include the count of rock-fall trajectories, the
maximum velocity and the maximum height computed at each grid cell. Vector
outputs consist of the planar (2-dimensional) and the 3-dimensional
trajectories of the rock-falls. The program outputs proved to be consistent
with the results of other rock-fall simulation programs, to be reliable for
modelling rock-fall in 3-dimensional geomorphological settings, and to help
in the quantitative assessment of rock-fall hazard over very large areas.
Bottino G.1, Chiarle M.2, Joly A.1, Mortara G.2, 2002, Modelling rock avalanches and their relation to permafrost degradation in glacial environments,
Permafrost and periglacial processes (Print) 13 (2002): 283–288.,
Abstract
High runout distances characterize landslides falling on glaciers because
of (1) low friction offered by ...
High runout distances characterize landslides falling on glaciers because
of (1) low friction offered by ice to sliding and (2) complex rock-ice
interactions that take place during mass motion. Block-fall models (two
and three-dimensional) were tested on the 1936 Felik landslide (Mt.Rosa
Massif). Geotechnical parameters were assessed through a back-analysis
aided by field surveys, aerial-photo and historical data analysis.
Outcomes are verified for two rock-ice avalanches which ran along the
Brenva Glacier (Mt. Blanc Massif) in 1920 and 1997. Empirical models show
poor precision (75%). Three-dimensional numerical models are too complex
but two-dimensional ones gave results that pointed out that real runouts
exceed predicted ones by 30%, possibly due to fluidisation processes. Rock-
ice avalanches require attention because they originate in areas likely
destined to experience permafrost degradation and glacier retreat.
Delle Rose M., Parise M., 2002, Karst subsidence in south-central Apulia, southern Italy,
International Journal of Speleology (Testo stamp.) 31 (2002): 181–199.,
Abstract
Subsidence in the karst of Apulia (southern Italy) is described in this paper. The carbonate ...
Subsidence in the karst of Apulia (southern Italy) is described in this paper. The carbonate rocks that make up the geological structure of the Apulia region, one of the classical karst areas of Italy, are affected by subsidence, that may occur with different typology and intensity depending upon geological, topographical, and hydrogeological conditions. In particular, we have identified phenomena of inland subsidence and coastal subsidence. Inland subsidence is generally restricted to the presence of individual cavities produced by dissolution of soluble rocks underground_ in either empty, or partly or totally filled with deposits, caves, subsidence may occur, causing severe effects on the above anthropogenic structures, if present.
Coastal plains of Apulia, with particular reference to its southernmost part (Salento Peninsula) are, on the other hand, interested by karst subsidence whose main feature is the development of compound sinks extending for several thousands of square meters, or the formation of individual, mostly circular, dolines along the coast lines. The occurrence of one or the other of the above features seems to depend upon topographic conditions, and their relation with the sea level oscillations as well.
Turcotte D.L. 1, Malamud B.D. 2, Guzzetti F. 3 , Reichenbach P. 4, 2002, Self-organization, the cascade model and natural hazards.,
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (Online) 99 (2002): 2530–2537.,
Abstract
We consider the frequncy-size statistics of two natural hazards, forest fires and landslides. Both appear ...
We consider the frequncy-size statistics of two natural hazards, forest fires and landslides. Both appear to satisfy power-law (fractal) distributios to a good approximation under a wide variety of condition. Two simple cellular-automata models have been proposed as analogs for this observed behavior, the forest fire model for forest fires and the sand pile model for landslides. The behavior of these models can been understood in terms of a self-similar inverse cascade. For the forest fire model the cascade consists of the coalescence of clusters of trees; for the sand pile model the cascade consists of the coalescence of the metastable regions.
Lenzi M. A. 1, Marion A. 1, Comiti F. 1, Gaudio R. 2, 2002, Local scouring in low and high gradient streams at bed sills,
Journal of hydraulic research 40(6) (2002): 731–739.,
Abstract
The main characteristics of local scouring downstream of bed sills, forming a staircase-like system in ...
The main characteristics of local scouring downstream of bed sills, forming a staircase-like system in high-gradient streams with non-uniform alluvium, have been investigated through 13 clear-water laboratory runs. Three initial longitudinal slopes and different flow rates were considered, keeping the same distance between the baffles. The grain size distribution of the sediment is that of a real alpine torrent scaled to the model dimensions. The measured scour depth, length and shape are compared to previous results concerning low gradient and uniform sediment gradings. A dimensional analysis approach appears to remain valid; nevertheless some simplifications cannot be made, since the jet regime plays an important role both for the depth and the length of the scour, and consequently affects the scour shape. Two equations are proposed for the estimation of the maximum scour depth and length. The equations are from previous data sets on low-gradient tests and a new one of experimental results on high-gradient cases.
Nicoletti P.G., Parise M., 2002, Seven landslide dams of old seismic origin in southeastern Sicily (Italy),
Geomorphology (Amst.) 46 (2002): 203–222.,
Abstract
This paper focuses on origin, morphology and evolution of seven landslide dams in southeastern Sicily. ...
This paper focuses on origin, morphology and evolution of seven landslide dams in southeastern Sicily. These landforms are part of a set of 146 landslides recently recognised in this area, which was hitherto considered to have little or no slope instability. Southeastern Sicily consists of a plateau (the Hyblaean Mountains) incised by canyons and surrounded by lower lands. It is underlain mostly by subhorizontal, moderately to well- lithified carbonate rocks. Relief is low. Several lines of evidence justify the assumption of a seismic trigger for the landslides in this area_ (1) the geo-climatic environment is not favourable to landsliding, (2) low-angle basal shear surfaces are very frequent, (3) landslide distribution is consistent with the known magnitude-distance relationships for earthquake-induced landslides, (4) historical documents testify to earthquake-triggered slope instability and (5) a specific landslide can be exactly dated. The phenomena illustrated here include six rock slides (one with a debris-flow component) and one rock fall. Slip surfaces are mostly non-circular. Landslide volume ranges from about 50,000 m3 to 34,000,000 m3. With reference to the Costa and Schuster [Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 100(1988) 1054] classification of landslide dams, five cases belong to type II (spanning the entire valley), and two to type IV (failures from both valley sides, with frontal or side contact between failed masses). With reference to the Crozier and Pillans [Catena 18 (1991) 471]classification of landslide lakes, all cases show a main valley lake while tributary valley, back and supra lakes are sporadically present. One damming is attributable to the 1693 earthquake with certainty; another damming, to the same earthquake with high probability. Three dams were reincised, one breached or reincised, one is slightly reincised and two more or less intact; correspondingly, five silting up deposits were reincised, one is being reincised at present and two are still under formation.
Gringeri Pantano F. 1, Nicoletti P.G. 2, Parise M. 3., 2002, Historical and geological evidence for seismic triggering of newly recognized landslides in southeastern Sicily, and its significance in terms of hazard,
Environmental management (N. Y.) 29 (2002): 116–131.,
Abstract
Old, large, and dormant landslides were unexpectedly found in southeastern Sicily, a territory of known ...
Old, large, and dormant landslides were unexpectedly found in southeastern Sicily, a territory of known seismicity but commonly considered as landslide-free or almost so. Purposely undertaken investigations revealed that_ (1) these landslides are scarcely compatible with the local geoclimatic environment; (2) they usually show low-angle basal shear surfaces, despite the fact that the properties of the forming material are generally good; (3) they fulfil the known relationships between earthquake magnitude and epicentre-landslide distance; (4) sources coeval with high- energy historical earthquakes occurred in 1169, 1542 and 1693 testify to the occurrence of earthquake-triggered landsliding; and (5) documentary material (presented here for the first time) correlates with certainty a specific landslide to the 1693 earthquake. This geological and historical evidence, accompanied by the absence of contrasting elements, leads us to conclude that these landslides are earthquake-triggered. Because of their typological and geometrical characteristics, nearly all landslides can be reactivated, which presents serious implications in terms of hazard, particularly with respect to lines of communication. Obviously, every action aimed at preventing or mitigating risks must start from the awareness of the causative processes, a condition substantially unsatisfied at the moment in SE Sicily. The paper concludes by emphasising the opportunity not to trust excessively beliefs that, although shared, have never been really checked.
Rizzo V., 2002, GPS monitoring and new data on slope movements in the Maratea Valley (Potenza, Basilicata),
27 (2002): 1535–1544.,
Abstract
The research brings out results obtained by three GPS monitoring campaigns
undertaken between 1997 and ...
The research brings out results obtained by three GPS monitoring campaigns
undertaken between 1997 and 2000 on a grid of approximately 50 benchmarks.
This process was supplemented by EDM monitoring carried out in a wider
network of benchmarks than previously imposed. A comparison of different
maps and other historical measurements complete the picture of long-term
slope deformation. The presence of substained movements was confirmed over
a century. The vector arrangement allow us to achieve a first model of
ongoing gravitational processes_ a spreading evolving lower-down in the
valley into a large and deep flow.
Borga M., Dalla Fontana G., Gregoretti C., Marchi, L., 2002, Assessment of shallow landsliding by using a physically based model of hillslope stability,
Hydrological processes (Print) 16 (2002): 2833–2851.,
Abstract
A model for the simulation of shallow landsliding triggered by heavy
rainstorms is analysed and discussed. ...
A model for the simulation of shallow landsliding triggered by heavy
rainstorms is analysed and discussed. The model is applied in two
mountainous catchments in the Dolomites (Eastern Italian Alps): the Cordon
catchment (5 km^2) and the Vauz catchment (1.9 km^2), where field surveys
provided a description of hydraulic and geotechnical properties of soils
and an inventory of landslide scars is available. The stability mapping
procedure, which is similar to that proposed by Montgomery and Dietrich
(1994 Water Resources Research 30_ 1153), combines steady-state hydrologic
concepts with the infinite slope stability model. The model provides an
estimate of the spatial distribution of the critical rainfall, which is the
minimum steady-state rainfall predicted to cause instability. The
comparison of the landslides observed in the study basins with model
predictions shows that the distribution of critical rainfall obtained from
the model provides a surrogate for failure initiation probability as a
function of topographic location.
ANTRONICO L., GULLA' G., SORRISO-VALVO M., TANSI C., TERRANOVA O., 2001, Effetti dell’incendio del 10 e 11 Agosto 1999 nella campagna cefaludese sulla morfodinamica delle aree colpite e programma di studi per la progettazione degli interventi.,
2001,
GULLA' G., 2001, Linee guida per interventi di stabilizzazione in aree urbane da riqualificare. Definizione della struttura di base.,
2001,
GULLA' G., NICEFORO D., GUIDO A., 2001, Instabilità prodotte o aggravate dal sisma del 09-09-1998 al Confine calabro-lucano,
2001,
ANTRONICO L., GULLA' G., TERRANOVA O., 2001, Condizioni di dissesto sui versanti e processi in alveo conseguenti alle piogge dell’8-10 Settembre 2000 nel settore compreso tra la F.ra Allaro e la F.ra Torbido (Basso Ionio della Calabria),
2001,
