PARISE M., FEDERICO A., DELLE ROSE M., SAMMARCO M., 2003, Karst terminology in Apulia (southern Italy),
Acta carsologica (Spletna izd.) 32 (2003): 65–82.,
Abstract
Apulia region, in southern Italy, is one of the classical karst areas of the Italian ...
Apulia region, in southern Italy, is one of the classical karst areas of the Italian peninsula, being underlain for most of its extension by intensely karstified carbonate rocks. The landscape presents essentially landforms of karstic origin, which have been the object of specific studies for a long time. The three main geographical sub-regions into which Apulia is generally divided (from north to south, the Gargano Promontory, the Murge plateau, and the Salento peninsula) have been characterized in the past centuries by complex and different social and historical events. These resulted in the development, from a linguistical point of view, of very distinct dialects in different parts of Apulia. The terms used to describe the karst landforms, both at the surface and underground, had subsequently been, and still are, extremely variable throughout the region.
This paper illustrates some terms used in Apulia to designate and describe the main geomorphological manifestations of the karst landscape. An attempt is made to analyze the terms on the basis of_ i) geographical distribution; ii) etymology, with reference to the local dialects; iii) morphological features and genesis of described landforms. Some cases of misuse of terms in the Apulian karst, even in recent times, are also pointed out.
Dalla Fontana, G. (1), Marchi, L. (2), Cravello, F. (3), 2003, Studio multitemporale sulla vegetazione nelle fasce fluviali del Fiume Piave fra Belluno e Fener,
Estimo e territorio LXVI (2003): 44–53.,
Regüés D. , Torri D., 2003, Efecto de la energía cinética de la lluvia sobre la dinámica de las propriedades físicas y el encostramiento en un suelo arcilloso sin vegetación,
16 (2003): 57–71.,
Tamburini A., Mortara G., Belotti M., Federici P., 2003, L’emergenza del lago Effimero sul Ghiacciaio del Belvedere nell’estate 2003,
VI (2003): 37–50.,
Delle Rose M., De Marco M., Federico A., Fidelibus C., Internò G., Orgiato W., Piscazzi A.,, 2003, Studio preliminare sul rischio di desertificazione nel territorio carsico di Lecce,
Thalassia salentina (Online) 26s (2003): 135–143.,
Abstract
L'eccessivo sfruttamento degli acquiferi carsici del Salento ha prodotto, da tempo, l'insorgere del fenomeno della ...
L'eccessivo sfruttamento degli acquiferi carsici del Salento ha prodotto, da tempo, l'insorgere del fenomeno della salsificazione delle acque di falda. L'uso di acque salmastre per l'irrigazione delle colture può determinare, nel lungo termine, la perdita del potenziale biologico dei suoli. Pertanto, in uno con l'esigenza di utilizzare acqua anche da altre fonti di approvvigionamento, si pone, inderogabile, la necessità di definire un modello di circolazione idrica negli acquiferi carsici al fine di valutare la quantità di risorsa emungibile senza dar luogo a significativi effetti di salsificazione. In questa nota si descrivono le basi fisico - matematiche del modello proposto (relativo al territorio di Lecce) e la metodologia approntata per la definizione dei relativi parametri.
AVOLIO M.V. (1), CRISCI G.M. (2), D?AMBROSIO D. (1), DI GREGORIO S. (1), IOVINE G. (3), RONGO R. (2) & SPATARO W. (1), 2003, An extended notion of Cellular Automata for surface flows modelling.,
WSEAS Transactions on Computers 4 (2) (2003): 1080–1085.,
Abstract
Cellular Automata (CA) represent an alternative approach to differential equations to model and
simulate complex ...
Cellular Automata (CA) represent an alternative approach to differential equations to model and
simulate complex fluid dynamical systems, whose evolution depends on the local interactions of their
constituent parts. A new notion of CA was developed by our research group Empedocles. It permitted to
improve significantly an empirical method for modelling macroscopic phenomena, concerning surface flows.
This approach was applied to lava flows, to debris flows and to pyroclastic flows. This paper presents the CA
extended notion together with the improved empirical method. Examples of simulations are exhibited and
compared with the real events in order to show the method efficiency.
Notarnicola C.,D'Alessio A.C.,Posa F.,Casarano D.,Sabatelli V., 2003, Use of a C-band Scatterometer Radar to monitor surface roughness and soil moisture changes,
4,2 (2003): 187–206.,
Bacchini M., Zannoni A., 2003, Relations between rainfall and triggering of debris-flow: case study of Cancia (Dolomites, Northeastern Italy),
3 (2003): 71–79.,
Beccarisi L., Cacciatore G., Chiriacò L., Delle Rose M., Fiorito F., Giuri F., Lisi G., Marras V., Quarta G.,, 2003, Influenza del carsismo sulla falesia e negli ipogei di Rocavecchia,
Thalassia salentina (Online) 26s (2003): 155–163.,
Abstract
Numerosi e frequenti crolli di blocchi di roccia interessano la falesia di Roca Vecchia e ...
Numerosi e frequenti crolli di blocchi di roccia interessano la falesia di Roca Vecchia e gli ipogei delle Grotte della Poesia. Le ricerche condotte hanno individuato i processi ed evidenziato le differenti azioni carsiche attive all'origine dei fenomeni gravitativi. In particolare, il mescolamento delle acque dolci meteoriche e di falda con quelle marine è causa di ipercarsismo chimico, molto aggressivo sul calcare. Altri processi ipercarsici derivano dall'idrodinamismo costiero che causa, specie nel sopratidale e intertidale, variazioni di umidità e salinità. Importanti risultano anche le azioni di bioerosione esercitate da organismi, specie in corrispondenza del solco di battente alla base della falesia. Di modesta entità risultano invece gli effetti delle azioni meccaniche dovute all'idrodinamismo costiero. Il carsismo contribuisce significativamente a determinare il "rapido" arretramento della linea di costa.
Parise M., 2003, Considerazioni sulla franosità dell?Appennino Dauno (Puglia) sulla base dell?elaborazione di carte di attività delle frane,
10 (2003): 133–145.,
Beccarisi L., Cacciatore G., Chiriacò L., Delle Rose M., Giuri F., Marras V., Quarta G., Resta F., Solombrino P.,, 2003, Le vore di Barbarano_ note descrittive e speleogenesi,
Thalassia salentina (Online) 26s (2003): 145–154.,
Abstract
Le Vore di Barbarano sono due delle più ampie cavità carsiche, a prevalente sviluppo verticale, ...
Le Vore di Barbarano sono due delle più ampie cavità carsiche, a prevalente sviluppo verticale, del Salento. Esse risultano morfologicamente più complesse di altre cavità
analoghe, quali le Vore di Spedicaturo e le Grotte della Poesia. Le osservazioni speleologiche, geomorfologiche, stratigrafiche, idrogeologiche e biologiche, permettono di individuare i meccanismi speleogenetici all'origine delle vore. Sono state così individuate le fasi evolutive dalla formazione delle protogrotte sino alle aperture degli accessi.
SAVAGE W.Z., COE J.A., VARNES D.J., SCHUSTER R.L., PARISE M., BAUM R.L., CHLEBORAD A.F., ELLIS W.L., FLEMING R.W., GODT J.W., SAVAGE J.E. & SMITH W.K., 2003, Research conducted at the Slumgullion earth flow, 1958 to 2002,
15 (2003): 1–12.,
Calzolari, C., Torri, D., Borselli, L., Ungaro, F., Bartolini, D., De Alba, S.,, 2003, Definizione ed utilizzo di modellistica dei processi erosivi in ambiente collinare e montano della regione Emilia Romagna.,
52 (2003): 477–492.,
IOVINE G. (1), DI GREGORIO S. (2), 2003, SCIDDICA (S2): alcune riflessioni sull’applicazione di un modello ad Automi Cellulari per la simulazione di colate detritiche.,
Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana (Testo stamp.) 122 (2003): 63–84.,
M. PARISE, V. PASCALI & G. SAVINO, 2003, Note sul degrado di ambienti carsici, con esempi dalla Regione Puglia,
26 (2003): 305–314.,
G. SAVINO, F. DIDONNA, M. PARISE & D. SGOBBA, 2003, La ricerca speleo-carsica in Albania_ risultati e prospettive,
26 (2003): 33–40.,
Cotecchia V., Casarano D., Polemio M., 2003, Piovosità e siccità in Italia meridionale tra il 1821 ed il 2001,
L'Acqua (Roma, 1996) 2 (2003): 99–106.,
Abstract
Clima, Tendenza pluviometrica, Serie storiche, Siccità ...
Clima, Tendenza pluviometrica, Serie storiche, Siccità
D'AMBROSIO D. (1), DI GREGORIO S. (1) & IOVINE G. (2), 2003, Simulating debris flows through a hexagonal cellular automata model_ SCIDDICA S3-hex,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Print) 3 (2003): 545–559. doi_10.5194/nhess-3-545-2003,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fnhess-3-545-2003
Abstract
Cellular Automata (CA) represent a formal frame
for dynamical systems, which evolve on the base of ...
Cellular Automata (CA) represent a formal frame
for dynamical systems, which evolve on the base of local
interactions. Some types of landslide, such as debris flows,
match well this requirement.
The latest hexagonal release (S3-hex) of the deterministic
model SCIDDICA, specifically developed for simulating
debris flows, is described. For CA simulation purposes, landslides
can be viewed as a dynamical system, subdivided into
elementary parts, whose state evolves exclusively as a consequence
of local interactions within a spatial and temporal
discretum. Space is the world of the CA, here constituted
by hexagonal cells. The attributes of each cell ("substates")
describe physical characteristics. For computational reasons,
the natural phenomenon is "decomposed" into a number of
elementary processes, whose proper composition makes up
the "transition function" of the CA. By simultaneously applying
this function to all the cells, the evolution of the phenomenon
can be simulated in terms of modifications of the
substates.
SCIDDICA S3-hex exhibits a great flexibility in modelling
debris flows. With respect to the previous releases of the
model, the mechanism of progressive erosion of the soil
cover has been added to the transition function. Considered
substates are_ altitude; thickness and energy of landslide debris;
depth of erodable soil cover; debris outflows. Considered
elementary processes are_ mobilisation triggering and
effect (T1), debris outflows (I1), update of landslide debris
thickness and energy (I2), and energy loss (T2).
Simulations of real debris flows, occurred in Campania
(Southern Italy) in May 1998 (Sarno) and December 1999
(San Martino V.C. and Cervinara), have been performed for
model calibration purposes; some examples of analysis are
briefly described. Possible applications of the method are_
risk mapping, also based on a statistical approach; evaluating
the effects of mitigation actions (e.g. stream deviations,
topographic alterations, channelling, embankments, bridges,
etc.) on flow development.
Polemio M.; Limoni P.P.; Mitolo D.; Santaloia F.;, 2003, Characterisation of Ionian-Lucanian coastal plain aquifer (Italy),
Boletín geológico y minero 114 (2003): 225–236.,
Abstract
The considered study area is, subjected to a semiarid climate, lying in Southern Italy. Data ...
The considered study area is, subjected to a semiarid climate, lying in Southern Italy. Data coming from 1130 boreholes have been considered to define the geological and hydrogeological set-up of the study area and for estimating the groundwater use and the salt-related groundwater quality degradation. The aquifers are constituted by marine terraces deposits, river valley alluvial deposits and alluvial and coastal deposits. Groundwater flow is mainly unconfined in the marine terraces and in the river valleys while it becomes mostly confined in the coastal plain aquifer. Being the direct natural recharge extremely low, the recharge of this coastal aquifer is mainly guaranteed by the discharge from upward aquifers and from the river leakage. Two dominant types of groundwater have been distinguished_ the HCO3-Ca type (in the marine terraces and in the alluvial deposits) and SO4-Cl-Na type (in the coastal plain deposits). The variability of major ions contents is related to many factors such as the different lithologies of the aquifers, the seawater intrusion, the mixing with river water and the impact of intensive farming. As regards the presence of the seawater intrusion in the study area, the analysis of the concentration maps of TDS, groundwater electrical conductivity and of the ions present in seawater, generally indicate that seawater contamination is relevant along a strip of land stretching for 2.5-3 km from the coastline inwards. The new acquired knowledge permits to delineate scenarios useful for an optimization of the groundwater resources tapping and for pursuing the safeguard of them.
Delle Rose M., Parise M., 2003, Pozzetti carsici e processi geomorfologici a Rocavecchia (prov. di Lecce),
Grotte e dintorni 5 (2003): 35–48.,
Abstract
KARST SHAFTS AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT ROCAVECCHIA (LECCE PROVINCE, SOUTHERN ITALY) - This study deals ...
KARST SHAFTS AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES AT ROCAVECCHIA (LECCE PROVINCE, SOUTHERN ITALY) - This study deals with description and preliminary considerations of peculiar karst features developed in the Pliocene calcarenite along the Adriatic coast line of Apulia, near Rocavecchia, an important archeological site which incorporates remains of late Bronze Age, Messapian, Roman and Medieval age. The features object of this study are vertical shafts with diameter ranging from 15-20 to 155 cm, with generally circular shape. Maximum observed depth is about 4 m; however, all the shafts (with the exception of those located along the coastal cliffs) are filled with soil and detritus, which therefore impede to estimate the real depth. The contact between the shaft and the hosting rocks is marked by the presence of a carbonate crust (calcrete). The calcretes, analyzed at the polarizing microscope, appear to be of the laminar type, with laminae of different colours, thickness and microstructures. The high frequency of these features in the surroundings of Rocavecchia, and in the promontory where the remains dating back to the Bronze Age are situated as well, make their study of particular interest, also in the light of possible implications in terms of the paleoenvironmental and climatic reconstruction of this sector of southern Italy. Eventually, some preliminary hypothesis on the genesis and development of the karst shafts are presented.
Calcaterra D., Parise M. & Palma B., 2003, Combining historical and geological data for the assessment of the landslide hazard_ a case study from Campania, Italy,
3 (2003): 3–16.,
Petrucci O.; Polemio M., 2003, The use of historical data for the characterisation of multiple damaging hydrogeological events,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Print) 3 (2003): 17–30.,
Abstract
Landslides, floods and secondary floods (hereinafter called phenomena) triggered by rainfall and causing extensive damage ...
Landslides, floods and secondary floods (hereinafter called phenomena) triggered by rainfall and causing extensive damage are reviewed in this paper. Damaging Hydrogeological Events (DHEs) are defined as the occurrence of one or more simultaneous aforementioned phenomena. A method for the characterisation of DHEs based upon
historic data is proposed. The method is aimed at assessing DHE-related hazard in terms of recurrence, severity, damage, and extent of the affected area. Using GIS, the DHEs historical and climatic data collection, the geomorphological and hydrogeological characterisation of the hit areas, the characterisation of induced damage, the evaluation of triggering rainfall return period and critical duration of each DHE were carried out. The approach was applied to a test site in Southern Italy (Calabria) for validation purposes. A database was set up including data from 24 events which have occurred during an 80-year period. The spatial distribution of phenomena was analysed together with the return period of cumulative rainfall. The trend of the occurred phenomena was also compared with the climatic trend. Four main types of Damaging Hydrogeological Events were identified in the study area.
Lenzi M. A., Marion A., Comiti F., Gaudio R., 2003, Local scouring in low and high gradient streams at bed sills.,
Journal of hydraulic research 40(6) (2003): 731–731.,
Wasowski, J., and Singhroy V., 2003, Special Issue from the symposium on Remote Sensing and Monitoring of Landslides.,
Engineering geology 68 (2003): 1–2.,
Le Pera E., Critelli S. & Sorriso-Valvo M., 2003, Weathering of gneiss in Calabria, Southern Italy.,
Catena (Cremling.) 142 (2003): 1–15.,
Nicoletti P.G., Parise M., 2003, Seven landslide dams of old seismic origin in southeastern Sicily (Italy).,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 46 (2003): 203–222.,
Capra L., Lugo-Hubp J. , l. Borselli L., 2003, Mass Movements In Tropical Volcanic Terrains_ The Case of Teziutlán (México).,
Engineering geology 69(3- (2003): 359–379.,
Torri D. , Borselli L, 2003, Equation for high-rate gully erosion,
Catena (Cremling.) 50 (2003): 449–467.,
Abstract
An approach to gully erosion is presented in this paper. The approach is based on ...
An approach to gully erosion is presented in this paper. The approach is based on generalequations derived from theoretical considerations. The equations apply to a situation of intense erosion rate, such as at peak discharge during the few critical rainstorms, able to generate or to widen
gullies.
Equations linking gully widening to gully deepening are derived. They do not depend on the way in which concentrated flow aggressiveness is estimated. The equation expressing gully width/depth relationship was successfully compared with data from the literature.
When runoff aggressiveness was estimated through unit stream power and bottom flow shear stress, the width/discharge relationships found were similar to those expected on the basis of previous studies (e.g., Leopold and Maddock [U. S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 252 (1953) 57 pp.]) even
if slope gradient explicitly appears in contrast with empirical evidence. Only threshold conditions for gullies indicate that flow shear stress (for laminar flow conditions) can explain the observed trends.
This astonishing result most probably indicates that gully initiation needs more complex contexts to be explained than the one here used (based on a Montgomery and Dietrich [1994. Landscape dissection and drainage areaslope thresholds. In_ M.J. Kirkby (ed.), Process Models and Theoretical Geomorphology. Wiley, 221246] approach).
A selection of the proposed equations have been arranged into a research model and an example of the outcome has been given for two situations typical of cropland in southern Tuscany (Italy). The results indicate that the spatial distribution of soil characteristics and of land use influences
significantly gully generation and evolution. This further confirms that gully morphological thresholds cannot be explained by simple approaches.
D 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
D'AMBROSIO D. (1), DI GREGORIO S. (1), IOVINE G. (2), LUPIANO V. (2), RONGO R. (3) & SPATARO W. (1), 2003, First simulations of the Sarno debris flows through cellular automata modelling,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 54 (2003): 91–117. doi_10.1016/S0169-555X(03)00058-8,
DOI: 10.1016%2FS0169-555X(03)00058-8
Abstract
Cellular Automata (CA) can be efficiently applied in the simulation of complex natural processes. They ...
Cellular Automata (CA) can be efficiently applied in the simulation of complex natural processes. They represent an
alternative approach to classical methods based on the resolution of differential equations. In this paper, the general frame and
the latest developments of the Cellular Automata model SCIDDICA (Simulation through Computational Innovative methods
for the Detection of Debris flow path using Interactive Cellular Automata) for simulating debris-flow phenomena are presented.
Landslides characterised by a dominant flow-type (e.g. earth flows, debris flows, debris avalanches) can be considered as
dynamical systems, subdivided into elementary parts that evolve, exclusively, as a consequence of local interactions. In
SCIDDICA, space and time are discrete_ in particular, the space in which the phenomenon evolves is represented by square
cells, whose states describe the considered physical characteristics; time is implicit in the steps of model computation.
The peculiarities of the structure permitted to extend SCIDDICA first release, in order to progressively account for more
complex phenomenological aspects of the considered landslides. In this paper, examples of application of SCIDDICA to three
real landslide events are presented. After briefly describing earlier simulations of the 1992 Tessina (Italy) earth flow and of the
1984 Mt. Ontake (Japan) debris avalanche, first attempts at modelling a debris flow that occurred in 1998 at Sarno (Italy) are
discussed.
The model has been validated through the reconstruction of the initial topographic and geomorphological conditions of a
selected, typical phenomenon (which occurred at Chiappe di SarnoCurti, on May 1998), and by successively comparing the
simulation results with the actually observed debris-flow path.
Even though improvements to the algorithms are still needed, and further testing of parameters on a more representative
sample of phenomena desirable, first simulations of the Curti landslide have demonstrated the reliability of SCIDDICA in the
assessment of debris-flow susceptibility.
Pasuto, A., Kilburn, C.R.J., 2003, Studies on Large Volume Landslides,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 54 (2003): 1–117.,
Abstract
Special Issue della rivista Geomorphology, dedicato ai risultati del progetto finanziato dalla Commissione Europea, RUNOUT, ...
Special Issue della rivista Geomorphology, dedicato ai risultati del progetto finanziato dalla Commissione Europea, RUNOUT, "Major Risk from rapid, Large-Volume Landslides in Europe (Contract No. ENV4-CT97-0527)
Critelli S., Arribas J., Le Pera E., Tortosa A., Marsaglia K.M. & Latter K.K., 2003, The recycled orogenic sand provenance from an uplifted thrust belt, Betic Cordillera, southern Spain,
73 (2003): 72–81.,
Abstract
Three key sand petrofacies (fluvial and marine), derived from the Betic mountain belt, reflect the ...
Three key sand petrofacies (fluvial and marine), derived from the Betic mountain belt, reflect the main clastic contribution of known source rocks, and the complex factors operating during pedogenesis, erosion, transport, deposition (first order parameters). These first order parameters are not independent but influenced by tectonics and climate.
Parise M. & Pascali V., 2003, Surface and subsurface environmental degradation in the karst of Apulia (southern Italy),
Environmental geology (Berl.) 44 (2003): 247–256.,
Abstract
Karst environments are highly vulnerable to a variety of degradation and pollution problems. Geology (fractured ...
Karst environments are highly vulnerable to a variety of degradation and pollution problems. Geology (fractured carbonate rocks), morphology (presence of a network of cavities produced by karst processes), and hydrogeology (rapid concentrated flow through fractures and conduits) of karst carbonates strongly favour the movement of contaminants toward the water table. In particular, poor quality of subsurface water can derive from polluting substances flowing at the surface, and/or by direct immission of liquid and solid waste in the water table through the systems of conduits and joints in the rock mass. As a consequence, water quality can be severely deteriorated, which implies very high economic and social costs in order to clean the polluted sites and restore the original situation. In some cases, such as when the original karst morphology is changed because of anthropogenic interventions, the variations created in the landscape are not recoverable, and a loss of sites of naturalistic interest has to be registered.
High vulnerability of a typical karst region of the Mediterranean area is illustrated in this paper by describing some case studies from Apulia, southern Italy. The Apulia region, where karst processes have had a prominent role in the development of the present landscape, is mostly underlain by intensely karstified limestones. Two cases of pollution due to solid waste into karst cavities (Grave di S. Leonardo in the Gargano Promontory, and Grave Pelosello in the Murge plateau), landscape transformation in the Minervino Murge area, and degradation of Gravina Monsignore, a typical karst valley in south-eastern Murge, are described in the paper. In two out of four cases, degradation of the sites was discovered thanks to activity from local speleologists, which also acted as promoters for cleaning and safeguarding the polluted sites. These examples underline well the mismanagement of karst territories (in particular, the common practice to dump refuse into sinkhole and caves), the pollution of limestone aquifers, and the effects that such pollution in karst areas might have in terms of risk to the public health.
Tecca, P.R., Galgaro, A., Genevois, R., Deganutti, A.M., 2003, Development of a remotely controlled debris flow monitoring system in the Dolomites (Acquabona, Italy).,
Hydrological processes (Print) 17 (2003): 1771–1784. doi_10.1002/hyp.1212,
DOI: 10.1002%2Fhyp.1212
Abstract
Direct measurements of the hydrological conditions for debris flow occurrence and of flow behaviour are ...
Direct measurements of the hydrological conditions for debris flow occurrence and of flow behaviour are of the outmost importance for developing effective flow prevention techniques. An automated and remotely controlled monitoring system was installed in Acquabona Creek in the Dolomites, Italian Eastern Alps, where debris flows occur every year. Its present configuration consists of three on-site stations, located in the debris-flow initiation area, in the lower channel and in the retention basin. The monitoring system is equipped with sensors for measuring rainfall, pore-waterwater pressure in the mobile channel bottom, ground vibrations, debris flow depth, total normal stress and fluid pore-pressure at the base of the flow. Three video cameras take motion picture of the events at the initiation zone, in the lower channel and in the deposition area. Data from the on-site stations are radio-transmitted to an off-site station and stored in a host PC, from where they are telemetrically downloaded and used by the Padova University for study of debris flows. The efficiency of the sensors and of the whole monitoring system has been tested by the analysis of data collected so far. Examples of these data are presented and briefly discussed. New applications of the used technology, derived by the development of this system, if implemented to the numerous debris flows existing in the Dolomitic Region, will provide civil defence and residents of warning of impending debris flows.
Gaudio R. 1, Marion A. 2, 2003, Time evolution of scouring downstream of bed sills,
Journal of hydraulic research 41(3) (2003): 271–284.,
Abstract
Results of laboratory experiments conducted on time evolution of the scouring phenomenon at bed sills ...
Results of laboratory experiments conducted on time evolution of the scouring phenomenon at bed sills are presented. Starting from previous findings on long-term depth and length of the local scour hole downstream of bed sills, 12 long-duration tests were designed and performed in the Sloping Sediment Duct at HR Wallingford Ltd, using uniform sand. No sediment feeding system was adopted. Video-recordings of the scour holes through the glass-sided duct allowed successive image analysis to obtain water surface and bed profiles over time.
Results confirmed the validity of the assessment method of the maximum scour depth, ys, at equilibrium; uncertainties arose about the length of the scour hole, ls. A cyclic phenomenon perturbing the scour hole was also observed and described. The investigation of the time evolution of ys showed that the scour hole develops rapidly and conditions close to equilibrium are achieved in a short time. The introduction of a morphological time, ts, permitted the non-dimensional description of the increasing of ys over time through a unique curve. The short- and the long-term local scour regions are clearly distinguished. An application of the results is shown in a numerical example.
Kilburn, C.R.J, Pasuto, A., 2003, Major risk from rapid, large-volume landslides in Europe (EU Project RUNOUT).,
Geophysical prospecting (Print) 54 (2003): 3–10.,
Abstract
Project RUNOUT has investigated methods for reducing the risk from large-volume landslides in Europe, especially ...
Project RUNOUT has investigated methods for reducing the risk from large-volume landslides in Europe, especially those involving rapid rates of emplacement. Using field data from five test sites (Bad Goisern and Köfels in Austria, Tessina and Vajont in Italy, and the Barranco de Tirajana in Gran Canaria, Spain), the studies have developed (1) techniques for applying geomorohological investigations and optical remote sensing to map landslides and their evolution, (2) analytical, numerical and cellular-automata models for the emplacement of sturzstroms and debris flows, (3) a brittle-failure model for forecasting catastrophic slope failure, (4) new strategies for integrating large-area GPS arrays with local geodetic monitoring networks, (5) methods for raising public awareness of landslide hazards, and (6) GIS-based databases for the test areas. The results highlight the importance of multidisciplinary studies of landslide hazards, combining subjects as diverse as geology and geomorphology, remote sensing, geodesy, fluid dynamics, social profiling. They have also identified key goals for improved understanding of the physical processes that govern landslide collapse and runout, as well as for designing strategies for raising public awareness of landslide hazards and for implementing appropriate land-management policies for reducing landslide risk.
Hervás, J., Barredo,J.I., Rosin, P.L., Pasuto, A., Mantovani, F., Silvano, S., 2003, Monitoring landslides from optical remotely sensed imagery_ the case history of Tessina Landslide, Italy.,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 54 (2003): 63–76.,
Abstract
Collecting information on landslide occurrence and activity over wide areas is a crucial task for ...
Collecting information on landslide occurrence and activity over wide areas is a crucial task for landslide hazard assessment. Field techniques, despite being very precise, are usually not sufficient to achieve this goal, since they mostly provide point-based measurements. Mainly because of its synoptic view and its capability for repetitive observations, optical (visible-infrared) remotely sensed imagery acquired at different dates and at high spatial resolution can be considered as an effective complementary tool to field techniques to derive such an information.
An image processing method to map and monitor landslide activity using multitemporal optical imagery is proposed. The method entails automatic change detection of suitably pre-processed (geometrically registered and radiometrically normalised) sequential images, followed by thresholding into landslide-related change pixels. Subsequent filtering based on the degree of rectangularity of regions can also be considered to eliminate pixel clusters corresponding to man-made land use changes.
The application of this method is illustrated in the complex Tessina landslide, in the Eastern Italian Alps. It has focused on discriminating the effects of a major reactivation occurred in 1992, hence inferring the dynamics of the landslide at that time. Although the method has been devised for optical remote sensing imagery in general, in the absence of high-resolution satellite imagery covering that period, digital images from existing aerial photograph diapositives scanned at 1-m pixel size have been used. The method is able to classify image pixels according to landslide activity conditions.
Tarchi, D., Casagli, N., Fanti, R., Leva, D., Luzi, G., Pasuto, A., Pieraccini, M., Silvano, S.,, 2003, Landslide monitoring by using ground-based SAR interferometry_ an example of application to the Tessina landslide in Italy,
Engineering geology 68 (2003): 15–30.,
Abstract
An innovative technique, based on radar interferometry and implemented using ground-based instrumentation, has been applied ...
An innovative technique, based on radar interferometry and implemented using ground-based instrumentation, has been applied for monitoring the Tessina landslide (Italy, Belluno). The technique has allowed us to derive multi-temporal surface deformation maps of the entire depletion zone of the landslide with a high resolution and accuracy. The portable device used in this application is known as LISA (Linear SAR) and it is able to provide measurements at 17 GHz with a synthetic aperture of up to 2.8 m. The results have been validated by comparing the recorded pixel displacements with independent measurements carried out by a motorized theodolite and EDM (Electronic Distance Meter) on two benchmarks.
Dalla Fontana, G., Marchi, L., 2003, Slope-area relationships and sediment dynamics in two alpine streams,
Hydrological processes (Print) 17 (2003): 73–87.,
Abstract
The paper focuses on the channel network of alpine basins, attempting to interpret channel reaches ...
The paper focuses on the channel network of alpine basins, attempting to interpret channel reaches in terms of response to erosion and deposition processes. Two basins in the Dolomites (north-eastern Italy) were considered_ the Rio Cordon (5 km^2) and the upper Boite River (163 km^2).The channel network was extracted from raster-type digital elevation models (DEM) using a slopearea threshold criterion. A contribution area index (CAI), which combines drainage area, A , and local slope, S (CAI=A^0.5*S), was used to identify channel heads. The channel network extracted from the DEM was then analysed to recognize cells showing a value of CAI lower than the threshold adopted for channel initiation. Contiguous cells with low values of CAI define channel reaches with low transport efficiency. Field surveys carried out for some selected cases showed a good agreement between prevailing sediment deposition predicted by the analysis of the channel network and observed channel morphological features. Sediment sources mapped in two study basins were also analysed in relation to the location of channels with high potential for sediment deposition_
this made it possible to classify the potential role of different types of sediment sources with regard to basin sediment yield. Topographic characteristics of the channel network, expressed by CAI, were compared with a classification of channel morphology in the Rio Cordon. It was found that cells with low values of CAI frequently occur in the rifflepool reaches, whereas the percentage significantly decreases in steppool and bedrock channels.
DEL GAUDIO, V. 1, PIERRI, P. 1 e WASOWSKI, J. 2, 2003, An approach to time probabilistic evaluation of seismically-induced landslide hazard.,
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93 (2003): 557–569.,
Abstract
The need of effective strategies for the prevention and mitigation of damage caused by earthquake-induced ...
The need of effective strategies for the prevention and mitigation of damage caused by earthquake-induced landslides has stimulated recent developments of techniques for the assessment of seismic landslide exposure at regional scale. However, for a rational risk management, a crucial element is represented by the time horizon of the hazardous events. A new way to incorporate the time factor in seismic landslide hazard assessment is proposed here. It consists in evaluating the temporal recurrence of seismically-induced slope failure conditions inferred from the Newmarks model_ first, by adopting Arias Intensity to quantify seismic shaking, well established methods of seismic hazard assessment are employed to obtain the occurrence probabilities of different levels of seismic shaking in a time interval of interest; then, some empirical relations, based on the Newmarks model, are employed to evaluate the slope critical acceleration ac for which a pre-fixed probability exists that seismic shaking would result in landslide triggering. The obtained ac values represent the minimum slope resistance required to keep the probability of seismic landslide triggering within the pre-fixed value. Therefore, the space distribution of the calculated ac values can be promptly compared with the actual in-situ ac values of specific slopes in order to estimate whether these slopes have a significant probability to fail under seismic action in the future. An example of this approach, applied to an area of the Southern Italy (Daunia region), shows that the introduction of the time factor modifies significantly the representation of spatial hazard and allows to evaluate the relevance of seismicity as landslide triggering agent.
BORRELLI L., GULLA' G., 2002, Condizioni di alterazione nell’Area a monte di Tropea (Calabria-Italia),
2002,
GULLA' G., CESI C., BONCI L., ANTRONICO L., CALCATERRA S., NICEFORO D., 2002, Rete di monitoraggio degli spostamenti nel Sackung di Poggio Petrulli (Platì-RC),
2002,
GULLA' G., CESI C., BONCI L., ANTRONICO L., CALCATERRA S., NICEFORO D., 2002, Rete di monitoraggio degli spostamenti a Savuto (CZ),
2002,
BONCI L., CALCATERRA S., CESI C., GAMBINO P., GULLA' G., NICEFORO D., 2002, Monitoraggio in emergenza degli Spostamenti Superficiali nella Frana di Serra di Buda (Acri – CS),
2002,
GULLA' G., 2002, Pericolosità e rischio da frana_ esame di alcune procedure per la valutazione,
2002,
GULLA' G., ANTRONICO L., NICEFORO D., SORRISO-VALVO M., TANSI C., 2002, Procedura per la valutazione della pericolosità e del rischio da frana (Stretta di Catanzaro-Calabria-Italia),
2002,
GULLA' G., NICEFORO D., 2002, Reti di monitoraggio di frane in Calabria_ Stato di attuazione al 2002,
2002,
DEL GAUDIO V., WASOWSKI J, 2002, Stima a scala regionale della probabilità temporale di innesco sismico di frane in Irpinia.,
21° Convegno Nazionale GNGTS, pp. 169–171, Roma, 19-21 novembre 2002,
J. WASOWSKI, A. REFICE, F. BOVENGA and R. NUTRICATO, 2002, On the Applicability of SAR Interferometry Techniques to the Detection of Slope Deformations,
9th IAEG Congress, Durban, South Africa, 16-20 September 2002,
Wasowski Janusz
Vincenzo Del Gaudio
David K. Keefer, 2002, Foreword to the Special Issue of the Symposia on Assessment and Mitigation of Collateral Seismic Hazards,
Surveys in geophysics 23 (2002): 471–472.,
GOSTELOW T. P., WASOWSKI J., 2002, A GIS strategy for landslide hazard assessment in Basilicata hilltop towns.,
The 9th Congress of IAEG, Durban, South Africa, 16-20 September, 2002,
