Colesanti C.; Wasowski J., 2006, Investigating landslides with space-borne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) interferometry.,
Engineering geology 88 (2006): 173–199. doi_10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.09.013,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2006.09.013
Abstract
This paper is addressed to readers without advanced knowledge of remote sensing. It illustrates some ...
This paper is addressed to readers without advanced knowledge of remote sensing. It illustrates some current and potential uses of
satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry (InSAR) for landslide assessment. Data acquired by SAR systems can provide 3D
terrain models and be used to assist in regional scale investigations, e.g. aimed at evaluation of susceptibility of slopes to failure.
Under favourable environmental conditions, the innovative Permanent Scatterers (PS) technique, which overcomes several
limitations of conventional SAR differential interferometry (DInSAR) applications in landslide studies, is suitable for monitoring
slope deformations with millimetric precision. The PS technique combines the wide-area coverage typical of satellite imagery with
the capability of providing displacement data relative to individual image pixels. With the currently available radar satellites,
however, only very slow ground surface displacements can be reliably detected and measured. The presented case study of a
landslide from the Liechtenstein Alps indicates that the most attractive and reliable contribution provided by this remote sensing
technique lies in the possibility of (i.) wide-area qualitative distinction between stable and unstable areas and (ii.) qualitative
(relative) hazard zonation of large, slow landslides based on the identification of segments characterised by different movement rates.
Since only the radar line of sight projection of the displacements can be detected, a quantitative exploitation of the PS data is possible
only where sufficient ground truth is available. In site specific or single landslide investigations the PS data can represent a very
useful complementary data source with respect to the information acquired through ground based observations and in situ surveying.
However, the difficulties associated with the feasibility assessments of the applicability of SAR data to local scale problems, as well
as with the interpretation of PS results, require a close collaboration between landslide experts and specialists in advanced processing
of radar satellite data. The interpretation of the exact geotechnical significance of small, radar sensed ground surface deformations is
challenging, especially where ground truth is lacking. Although any ground deformation is potentially of interest to an engineering
geologist, detection of movements in both vertical and horizontal directions is needed in the case of landslides to evaluate slope
failure mechanisms.With their high radar viewing angles, however, the current space-borne systems can detect only a fraction of the
horizontal component of movement. It is expected that the upcoming SAR dedicated missions with new sensors and different
acquisition geometries, combined with the rapid developments in the field of advanced radar data processing, will allow a full 3D
reconstruction of deformation data and help to further reduce the current limitations of the PS and similar DInSAR approaches.
Bovenga F.; Nutricato R.; Refice A.; Wasowski J., 2006, Application of multi-temporal differential interferometry to slope instability detection in urban,
Engineering geology 88 (2006): 218–239. doi_10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.09.015,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.enggeo.2006.09.015
Abstract
We present two case studies regarding the application of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Persistent Scatterers ...
We present two case studies regarding the application of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Persistent Scatterers Interferometry
(PSI) techniques to landslide-prone slopes situated in the municipal territories of Caramanico Terme and Volturino (Italy). The
analysis of satellite SAR data with PSI techniques poses often problems on sites where, due to the scarcity of human artefacts and the
presence of vegetation cover, density of coherent points (PS) is low (b10 per km2). Moreover, the steep and rough topography typical
of landslide-prone areas hamper the interferometric pre-processing, making more difficult the joint estimation of displacements and of
DEM errors. Under these conditions the significance of temporal interferometric phase trends can be uncertain and conservative
assumptions, necessary to ensure low false detection probabilities, need to be coupled with innovative processing strategies to
increase the detection efficiency of PS objects. Here, the SPINUA (Stable Point Interferometry over Un-urbanised Areas) processing
technique is applied together with an alternative PS Candidate (PSC) selection procedure based on the use of pixels classified as urban.
The cases of Caramanico and Volturino are representative, respectively, of harsh and favourable conditions for PSI applications. The
results from Caramanico show clusters of PS exhibiting similar line-of-sight (LOS) deformation behaviour in the period 1995-2000. The
locations ofmoving PS often coincidewith distressed buildings and appear consistent with the areal distribution of recent and past landslide
activity. The temporal displacement trends, however, are characterised by very low annual average velocities (from 3 to 7 mm/y) and it is
uncertain to what extent the PS data reflect true slope movements, local deformations (e.g. settlement of engineering structures) or both.
Thanks to the more favourable conditions, the application of the standard SPINUA approach in the Volturino area was sufficient to
obtain suitable densities of PS, as well as spatially and temporally consistent displacement results for a period 1992-2000. In
particular, a group of moving PS was identified in a peri-urban area, known for the past and recent slope stability problems. The slowly
moving PS (from 3 to 5 mm/y) fall in a location that, unlike the remaining part of the town, is characterised by the presence of many
distressed buildings and structures. Although the site information confirms the reliability of PS data, in the absence of ground
monitoring and detailed records of landslide movements, it is difficult to identify the main mechanism of the detected deformations. In
general, in geologically and topographically complex urban/peri-urban settings, the significance of very low-velocity PSI surface
displacements should always be considered together with in situ geotechnical controls and ground monitoring data.
D'Ambrosio D. (1); Spataro W. (1); Iovine G. (2), 2006, Parallel genetic algorithms for optimising cellular automata models of natural complex phenomena_ an application to debris-flows.,
Computers & geosciences 32 (2006): 861–875. doi_10.1016/j.cageo.2005.10.027,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.cageo.2005.10.027
Abstract
Cellular automata models of natural complex phenomena may depend on a set of parameters which ...
Cellular automata models of natural complex phenomena may depend on a set of parameters which can significantly
influence the global dynamics of the simulated events. In order to reliably apply such models for predictive purposes, their
parameters have to be estimated with the greatest possible accuracy. However, no standardised optimisation techniques
exist in this specific research field. Genetic Algorithms (GAs) offer a possible solution_ they are parallel algorithms, and can
be easily implemented to exploit the simultaneous use of multiple CPUs, thereby greatly reducing the execution time.
An application of a parallel GA to the optimisation of a cellular automata model for the simulation of debris flows
characterised by strong inertial effects is presented. The May 1998, Curti-Sarno (Italy) debris flow has been selected as a
case study for the optimisation of the model. Theoretical considerations on the dynamics of the adopted GA are discussed,
with reference to two different fitness functions applied to an idealised case study.
Results demonstrated the usefulness of the approach, in terms of both computing time and quality of performed
simulations. Moreover, experiments on the idealised case study pointed out that the simplest fitness function (only based
on the comparison of affected areas) could conveniently be adopted for calibration purposes.
Cascini, Leonardo (a); Gullà, Giovanni (b); Sorbino, Giuseppe (a), 2006, Groundwater modelling of a weathered gneissic cover,
Canadian geotechnical journal (Print) 43 (2006): 1153–1166. doi_10.1139/t06-066,
DOI: 10.1139%2Ft06-066
Abstract
Knowledge of the groundwater regime, which is generally necessary in studying the stability of slopes, ...
Knowledge of the groundwater regime, which is generally necessary in studying the stability of slopes, is of fundamental importance in the analysis of landslides involving intensely weathered rocks, as in the case of a landslide in the western Sila Massif (southern Italy) reactivated by heavy and prolonged rainfall. For this landslide, the total absence of displacements during the actual quiescence period and the long return period of the critical rainfall events did not allow measurement of the critical pore pressures capable of reactivating the landslide. To solve such a problem, a saturated-unsaturated flow model was calibrated taking into account in situ pore pressure measurements acquired over a long period of time. The analyses permitted determination of the role played by the hydraulic heterogeneity of the involved soils and the hydraulic boundary conditions for simulation of the response of in situ pore pressures to rainfall. Such conditions were therefore used to predict the critical unknown values attained during landslide reactivations and were indirectly tested using different models.Key words_ landslide, weathered rocks, groundwater monitoring, unsaturated-saturated flow model, rainfall, critical pore pressures.
Marchi, L. ; Tecca, P. R., 2006, Some observations on the use of data from historical documents in debris-flow studies.,
Natural hazards (Dordr.) 38 (2006): 301–320. doi_10.1007/s11069-005-0264-z,
DOI: 10.1007%2Fs11069-005-0264-z
Abstract
The knowledge of past events is important for the assessment of debris-flow hazard. Amongst the ...
The knowledge of past events is important for the assessment of debris-flow hazard. Amongst the sources of information, documents from historical archives are particularly important in sites where the debris flows cause damage to urban areas and transportation routes. The paper analyses the availability of historical documents on debris flows in Northeastern Italy and discusses factors that can influence the building of time series from archive data both at regional and single basin scales. An increased number of debris flows was observed in the studied region for the last decades. This could be due both to an increased frequency of the events and to a larger availability of information_ the analysis carried out indicates that the latter factor is probably the most influencing. The importance of factors, which affect the collection of data, including the conservation of documents and the presence and fragility of the elements at risk, is stressed in view of a wise use of historical data on debris flows.
De Alba S., Borselli L., Torri D., Pellegrini S., Bazzoffi P., 2006, Assessment of tillage erosion by mouldboard plough in Tuscany (Italy).,
Soil & tillage research 85 (2006): 123–142.,
Abstract
This study was designed to characterise the soil translocation effect induced by mouldboard ploughing with ...
This study was designed to characterise the soil translocation effect induced by mouldboard ploughing with an implement traditionally used in the Tuscany region (Central Italy). We discuss the results of a set of field experiments performed to measure soil displacement along slopes of varying gradient in different directions and at several depths of tillage. Using the Soil Erosion by Tillage (SETi) model, soil translocation patterns for different tillage scenarios were analysed, with special attention paid to the effects of the direction and depth of tillage on the extent and spatial pattern of soil movement. The lateral slope gradient SP and tillage depth D were found to be the dominant controlling factors for total soil displacement. The effect of the slope gradient in a direction parallel to tillage ST was much less pronounced. These findings reveal the importance of the asymmetric nature of the soil movement produced by mouldboard ploughing and the predominant effect of the lateral displacement dP on the actual trajectory of soil motion. Results demonstrate that spatial patterns of soil redistribution due to mouldboard ploughing are highly variable and depend on the particular characteristics of the implement used. This dependence is so strong that maximum downslope soil translocation can occur during both, contour tillage or up-down tillage. For this particular mouldboard plough, maximum downslope soil transport took place at a tillage direction ca. 708 and not when tillage was conducted along the steepest slope direction (08). These findings highlight the potential of the combined approach applied. The physically based SETi model can be properly calibrated using a relatively limited dataset from field experiments. Once calibrating, the SETi model can then be used to generate synthetic tillage translocation relationships, which can predict the intensity and spatial pattern of soil translocation over a much wider range of tillage scenarios than the particular experimental conditions, in terms of topography complexity (slope gradients and morphology) and the direction and depth of tillage. These synthetic relationships are useful tools for evaluating strategies designed to reduce tillage erosion.
Caballero L., Macias J.L., Garcia-Palomo A., Saucedeo G.R., Borselli L. , Sarocchi D., Sanchez J.M., 2006, The september 8-9, 1998 rain triggered flood events at Motozintla, Chiapas, Mexico.,
Natural hazards (Dordr.) 39(1) (2006): 103–126.,
Torri D.;Poesen J.; Borselli L.; Knapen A., 2006, Channel width flow discharge relationships for rills and gullies.,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 76 (2006): 273–279.,
Abstract
Research conducted during the first half of the last century has shown that a strong ...
Research conducted during the first half of the last century has shown that a strong power relationship exists between channel width and total flow discharge in streams. Recent studies have shown that this power relationship can be theoretically derived for bankfull discharge in channels. The relationship has been extended empirically to rills and gullies, revealing that the discharge exponent for rills and gullies is significantly smaller than that for rivers. However, water flow in rills and gullies is only rarely bankfull, indicating that the theoretical explanation for the power relationship found for rivers does not apply to rills and gullies. In order to investigate the width-discharge relationships for rills and gullies, a new method is proposed based on field measurements of widths of concentrated-flow erosion channels both upstream and downstream of channel junctions. Although the method only allows the determination of the exponent of the power relationship, it is easy and inexpensive to apply. A total of 322 rill and gully channel junctions with various soils and land use types were investigated in Belgium, Italy and Spain. The obtained data confirmed the existence of the power relationship for rills and gullies, with the exponent varying from 0.43 for small rills (about 3 cm in width) to 0.5 for gullies (about 50 to 100 cm in width). The data did not allow deciding whether the exponent varies consistently with channel width or in a step-wise fashion. The exponent values obtained in this study are larger than those reported in previous studies, but this may result from differences in the definition of the discharge that eroded the channel to its current width.
© 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Guzzetti F., Reichenbach P., Ardizzone F., Cardinali M. & Galli M., 2006, Estimating the quality of landslide susceptibility models.,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 81 (2006): 166–184. doi_10.1016/j.geomorph.2006.04.007,
DOI: 10.1016%2Fj.geomorph.2006.04.007
Abstract
We present a landslide susceptibility model for the Collazzone area, central Italy, and we propose ...
We present a landslide susceptibility model for the Collazzone area, central Italy, and we propose a framework for evaluating
the model reliability and prediction skill. The landslide susceptibility model was obtained through discriminant analysis of 46
thematic environmental variables and using the presence of shallow landslides obtained from a multi-temporal inventory map as the
dependent variable for statistical analysis. By comparing the number of correctly and incorrectly classified mapping units, it is
established that the model classifies 77.0% of 894 mapping units correctly. Model fitting performance is investigated by comparing
the proportion of the study area in each probability class with the corresponding proportion of landslide area. We then prepare an
ensemble of 350 landslide susceptibility models using the same landslide and thematic information but different numbers of
mapping units. This ensemble is exploited to investigate the model reliability, including the role of the thematic variables used to
construct the model, and the model sensitivity to changes in the input data. By studying the variation of the model's susceptibility
estimate, the error associated with the susceptibility assessment for each mapping unit is determined. This result is shown on a map
that complements the landslide susceptibility map. Prediction skill of the susceptibility model is then estimated by comparing the
forecast with two recent event inventory maps. The susceptibility model is found capable of predicting the newly triggered
landslides. A general framework for testing a susceptibility model is proposed, including a scheme for ranking the quality of the
susceptibility assessment.
Moramarco T., Barbetta S., Melone F. & Singh V.P., 2006, A real-time stage Muskingum forecasting model for a site without rating curve,
Hydrological sciences journal 51 (2006): 66–82. doi_10.1623/hysj.51.1.66,
DOI: 10.1623%2Fhysj.51.1.66
Abstract
An adaptive model for on-line stage forecasting is proposed for river reacheswhere significant lateral inflow ...
An adaptive model for on-line stage forecasting is proposed for river reacheswhere significant lateral inflow contributions occur. The model is based on the Muskingum method and requires the estimation of four parameters if the downstream rating curve is unknown; otherwise only two parameters have to be determined. As the choice of the forecast lead time is linked to wave travel time along the reach, to increase the lead time, a schematization of two connected river reaches is also investigated. The variability of lateral inflow is accounted for through an on-line adaptive procedure. Calibration and validation of the model were carried out by applying it to different flood events observed in two equipped river reaches of the upper-middle Tiber basin in central Italy, characterized by a significant contributing drainage area. Even if the rating curve is unknown at the downstream section, the forecast stage hydrographs were found in good agreement with those observed. Errors in peak stage and time to peak along with the persistence coefficient values show that the model has potential as a practical tool for on-line flood risk management.
Melone F., Corradini C., Morbidelli R., Saltalippi C., 2006, Laboratory experimental check of a conceptual model for infiltration under complex rainfall patterns.,
Hydrological processes (Print) 20/3 (2006): 439–452.,
Zabuski, Leslaw; Marcato, Gianluca, 2005, Numerical modelling of the landslide processes using discontinuous approach,
Mass Movement Hazard in Various Environments, pp. 119–124, Kracow (Poland), 20/10/2005,21/10/2005,
Abstract
Principles and examples of discontinuous numerical modelling of the landslide slopes are presented in the ...
Principles and examples of discontinuous numerical modelling of the landslide slopes are presented in the paper. In many cases, rock mass is composed of relatively strong and com petent rock blocks, which are intersected with discontinuities, such as joints, faults, fault zones, bedding planes, etc. Deformation process of such system is modelled numerically, using UDEC (Universal Distinct Element Code) computer programme. This approach is explained in the paper, and two examples of numerical simulation of the landslide development illustrate its main features. The first example is concerned with the landslide modelling in a diabase quarry, whereas the second one presents the simulation of the process in the Italian Dolomites. The results prove the appropriateness and usefulness of the discontinuous modelling approach.
NICEFORO D., GULLA' G., 2005, Caratterizzazione cinematica di una frana in rocce alterate e degradate_ la frana di Serra di Buda (Acri, Cosenza, Italia),
2005,
L.Guerriero, A.Blonda, F.Bovenga, D.Casarano, V.Del
Gaudio, P.Gostelow, E. Meloni, R.Nutricato, A.Refice, J.Wasowski, 2005, LEWIS Final Scientific Report,
2005,
Refice, A; Bovenga, F; Nutricato, R; Chiaradia, MT; Wasowski, J, 2005, Land-cover classification-based Persistent Scatterers identification for peri-urban applications,
IGARSS 2005, pp. 2668–2671, 29-29 July 2005,
Abstract
We illustrate, through a sample application to a difficult landslide test site, the use of ...
We illustrate, through a sample application to a difficult landslide test site, the use of a novel method to detect potentially stable objects in Persistent Scatterers SAR Interferometry (PSI). Conventional PSI processing involves selecting first-guess potential stable objects, called PS Candidates (PSC), through thresholding of the amplitude dispersion index. This method can lead, in applications to scenes characterized by scarce urbanization, to very low PSC numbers, insufficient for a successful subsequent phase analysis if their spatial distribution is very sparse. Our classification-based approach relies on the proven fact that urban areas are more likely to contain PS pixels than any other land-cover class. Therefore, using pixels belonging to the urban land-cover class as PSC is a convenient way of increasing the number of initial fiducial points while keeping false alarm probabilities to reasonable levels. Results show that PSC belonging to the urban class, selected through simple external
classification algorithms, lead to more consistent results for the final PS, both in terms of spatial density, and of reliability of
displacement series.
Lerario A., Maiellaro N., Lassandro P., Malavasi A., Regina G., Zonno M., 2005, Strutture edilizie innovative – Flessibilità e basso impatto ambientale,
L'Edilizia (Milano) 142 (2005): 52–54.,
R. Pagliarulo, R. Trizzino, M. Trotta, S. Valletta, 2005, La fabbrica inquinata,
36 (2005): 15–18.,
PETRUCCI O., 2005, Ricerca storica e difesa del suolo in Calabria,
Progettando il passato_ memoria storica e difesa del suolo in Calabria - CNR-IRPI, UOS di Cosenza e Archivio di Stato di Cosenza, Cosenza, 4 LUGLIO 2005,
Pasqua A.A. e Petrucci O., 2005, Fenomeni di dissesto innescati in Calabria dalle piogge del novembre 2004,
2005,
Versace, P., Sirangelo, B., Iiritano, G., Biondi, D., Petrucci, O., De Luca, D.L., Cruscomagno, F., Maletta, D., Gigliotti, A., Zaffino, T., 2005, Aspetti metodologici nella revisione delle soglie pluviometriche di primo livello,
2005,
M. Polemio, 2005, Il rischio idrogeologico nel territorio dell’ADB della Puglia,
Convegno "Cartografia tematica per il Piano Provinciale di emergenza", Brindisi, 2005,
Pasuto, A., Siorpaes, C., Soldati, M., 2005, Carta geomorfologica dell’area circostante Cortina d’Ampezzo (Dolomiti, Italia).,
2005,
LUINO, F., FASSI, P., LERBINI, P., BELLONI, A. & CALDIROLI, G., 2005, Identification of flood-prone areas through multidisciplinary approach as a tool for new civil defence plans along the Lago Maggiore shore (Lombardy-Northern Italy),
International symposium on "Latest natural disasters - New challenges for engineering geology, geotechnics and civil protection, SOFIA (Bulgaria), 5-8 Settembre 2005,
GULLA' G. (Responsabile scientifico), NICEFORO D., 2005, Approfondimento di indagine e studio riferiti alla rete di monitoraggio definitiva per il controllo della frana di Serra di Buda (Acri-Cosenza),
2005,
Abstract
Approfondimento di indagine e studio riferiti alla rete di monitoraggio definitiva per il controllo della ...
Approfondimento di indagine e studio riferiti alla rete di monitoraggio definitiva per il controllo della frana di Serra di Buda (Acri-Cosenza).
SORRISO-VALVO M, GULLA' G., ANTRONICO L. (curatori), M. Cilento, O. Petrucci, C. Tansi, L. Aceto, L. Militi, 2005, Relazione finale. “Indagini, studio e monitoraggio del dissesto in atto nel centro abitato di Cirò Marina”,
2005,
Abstract
Indagini, studio e monitoraggio del dissesto in atto nel centro abitato di Cirò Marina ...
Indagini, studio e monitoraggio del dissesto in atto nel centro abitato di Cirò Marina
Giovanni Gullà, 2005, Aspetti geotecnici e linee guida per la gestione del dissesto,
"Indagini, studio e monitoraggio del dissesto nel centro abitato di Cirò Marina", Cirò Marina, 16 settembre 2005,
Giovanni Gullà, 2005, Elementi conoscitivi per la scelta ed il dimensionamento degli interventi di stabilizzazione dei pendii,
Seminario di studio "La difesa del territorio con i metodi dell'ingegneria naturalistica" INARSVILUPPO-INARSIND-MACCAFERRI, Caranzaro, Hotel Guglielmo, 16 novembre 2005,
AVOLIO M.V. (1), CRISCI G.M. (2), D'AMBROSIO D. (1), DI GREGORIO S. (1), IOVINE G. (3), LUPIANO V. (3), RONGO R. (2), SPATARO W. (1), 2005, Cellular Modelling of Surface Flows_ Cellular Automata for Simulating Complex Phenomena_ Lava Flows, Pyroclastic Flows, Debris Flows,
14th ECTQG'05, "European Colloquium on Theoretical and Quantitative Geography", pp. 10–12, Tomar, Portugal, September 9-13, 2005,
CORDOLA M., MORTARA G., CHIARLE M., TAMBURINI A., FEDERICI P., KÄÄB A., HUGGEL C., VIAZZO G_ SEMINO P., EPIFANI F., 2005, Investigations on the instability of Belvedere Glacier, supraglacial lake formation and slope instabilities of the Monte rosa East face, Macugnaga (Italy), 2002-2004,
9th Alpine Glaciological Meeting (24-25 February, Milan). Abstract, p.3. Earth Sciences Dept University of Milan, Milan, 24-25 February,
A cura di_
Carbone S., Di Stefano A., Lentini F.
Coordinamento Informatizzazione_
Ardizzone F., Sterlacchini S., 2005, Carta Geologica d’Italia alla scala 1_50.000. Foglio 506 – Sant’Arcangelo (F. LENTINI coord.),
2005,
Sorriso-Valvo M. (1), Gabriele S. (1), Gullà G. (1), Antronico L. (1), Tansi C. (1), Aceto L. (1), Greco R. (1), Fantucci R. (2), 2005, Studio geologico-geomorfologico-geotecnico e monitoraggio della frana di Serra di Buda (Acri),
pp.1–114, 2005,
Rizzo V., Calendino A., Caruso P., Curcio G., Casalinovo R., Ferraro M., Micieli M., Petrucci O., Soleri S., Caloiero T., 2005, Indagini Storiche, Indagini geognostiche e Relazione sulla pericolosità nel Centro Abitato di Cavallerizzo,
2005,
Rizzo V., Iovine G., Tansi C., Petrucci O., 2005, Esecuzione di un programma di studio e di indagini finalizzati alla verifica dell’idoneità geologico-tecnica e sismica delle aree comunali individuate per la possibile delocalizzazione dell’abitato della frazione “Cavallerizzo” del comune di Cerzeto (CS).,
2005,
Tansi C., 2005, Caratteri geologico-strutturali dell’area compresa tra Montalto Uffugo e Mongrassano (CS), Calabria, Italia – Progetto RISCMASS, Interreg III B, Mediterraneo Occidentale, Asse 4, misura 4.3,
pp.1–34, 2005,
Tansi C., 2005, Caratterizzazione dei possibili nuovi siti di insediamento dell’abitato di Cavallerizzo di Cerzeto_ caratteri geologico-strutturali dell’area di Cavallerizzo-Cerzeto (Cosenza),
2005,
Angeli M.-G., Gasparetto P., Marabini F., Menotti R.M., Merzanis A., Pontoni F., 2005, The evolution of the Adriatic Coastal zone (Italy) between the Gabicce promontory and the Tronto River mouth.,
VII° International Conference on Modelling, Measurements, Engineering and Management of Seas and Coastal Regions on Landslide, Algarve, Portugal, 2005,
Rizzo V., 2005, Relazione del Sopralluogo sul dissesto idrogeologico nel Comune di Cerzeto (Località Cavallerizzo).,
2005,
Gullà G., Cilento M., Aceto L., Militi L., 2005, Aspetti geotecnici connessi al fenomeno di dissesto idrogeologico manifestatosi a Cirò Marina nellestate del 2004_ indicazioni ed indirizzi preliminari per la gestione in emergenza e per la gestione ordinaria.,
2005,
Arattano, M.; Marchi, L., 2005, Measurements of debris flow velocity through cross-correlation of instrumentation data,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Print) 5 (2005): 137–142. doi_10.5194/nhess-5-137-2005,
DOI: 10.5194%2Fnhess-5-137-2005
Abstract
Detection of debris flow occurrence can be efficiently obtained through different types of sensors. A ...
Detection of debris flow occurrence can be efficiently obtained through different types of sensors. A pair of ultrasonic sensors placed at a known distance from each other
along a torrent have been used as a method to obtain mean front velocity of debris-flows, in addition to their use as detectors of debris flow occurrence. Also seismic and acoustic sensors have been employed to measure debris-flow front velocity and discharge in the same manner. In order to obtain velocity measurements, however, these methods require the presence of a well identifiable and defined main front in the debris flow wave. The time lag between the recordings of the front of the wave at two consecutive stations allows an estimation of its mean velocity. When a well-defined front is not present and no recurrent feature can be found along the wave, the measurement of velocity may prove difficult. The crosscorrelation technique may help identifying the mean velocity of the flow in such cases. In fact, cross correlation allows to determine the mean time lag elapsed between the recording of two sets of data of the same event at different positions. This technique may be also used to measure velocity using signals coming from different types of sensors, for instance where a ground vibration detector has been placed along a torrent where an ultrasonic sensor was already present or viceversa. An application has been made using field data recorded through seismic and ultrasonic sensors in a small instrumented catchment in the Italian Alps (Moscardo Torrent).
Fabrizio Ungaro, Costanza Calzolari, 2005, Contenuto in sostanza organica nei suoli della pianura emiliano-romagnola: quantificazione dellincertezza spaziale attraverso lutilizzo di simulazioni condizionali sequenziali,
Congresso Annuale della Società Italiana di Scienza del Suolo, Suolo: il sistema centrale nellambiente e nellagricoltura, Bari, Giugno 21-24, Bari, 2005,
Luino F., Chiarle M. & Audisio C., 2005, Concentrazione di movimenti di massa durante l’evento del 23 giugno 2002 in Valsavaranche (Val d’Aosta).,
Convegno Nazionale A.I.Geo Montagne e Pianure, Padova, 2005,
Abstract
I bacini alpini con superficie sino a pochi chilometri quadrati rappresentano, durante eventi idrologici intensi, ...
I bacini alpini con superficie sino a pochi chilometri quadrati rappresentano, durante eventi idrologici intensi, una notevole fonte di pericolo, spesso sottostimato, in particolare se si raccordano a fondivalle confinati tra ripidi versanti rocciosi. Le frane che s'innescano in questi bacini, per lo più per fluidificazione della coltre superficiale, in condizioni particolari possono evolvere in rapide colate torrentizie, in grado di percorrere rapidamente lunghe distanze, raggiungere densità elevatissime ed altezze considerevoli, sviluppando una grande forza d'impatto sulle strutture.
La sera del 23 giugno 2002, al termine di un periodo di alta pressione durato una decina di giorni e caratterizzato da temperature eccezionalmente elevate, l'arco alpino fu raggiunto da una perturbazione di origine atlantica associata a temporali violenti e localizzati. Le precipitazioni più cospicue si concentrarono sui rilievi al confine italo-francese, estendendosi fino al Massiccio del Gran Paradiso, con isoterma zero attestata al di sopra di quota 3000 m. In quest'ultimo settore l'evento pluviometrico interessò in successione la Val di Cogne, la Valsavarenche ed infine la Val di Rhêmes. A Eaux Rousses (Valsavarenche) in 35' furono registrati 11 mm di pioggia, 7 dei quali nei primi 7 minuti dello scroscio_ poiché la stazione è ubicata 3 km a monte dell'areale dove maggiormente si concentrarono i fenomeni d'instabilità, è ragionevole supporre che nell'occhio del temporale la precipitazione sia stata ancora superiore. La ridotta spazialità di violenti scrosci di pioggia durante eventi estivi è d'altronde un fenomeno abbastanza comune_ a tal riguardo si segnala che alla stazione di Pont (4,3 km a monte di Eaux Rousses) non venne registrata alcuna precipitazione.
I fenomeni d'instabilità più significativi si produssero nella media Valsavarenche dove, tra Eaux Rousses (1700 m) e Bois-de-Clin (1410 m), gran parte dei tributari del T. Savara subirono un'attivazione più o meno accentuata, originando fenomeni di alluvionamento o erosione di coltivi e una quindicina di interruzioni della strada regionale di fondovalle in un tratto di circa 7 km (e ben 6 nello spazio di un solo chilometro). Più di 500 turisti rimasero bloccati nella parte alta della vallata, mentre alcune autovetture rimasero intrappolate tra interruzioni stradali successive, fortunatamente senza conseguenze per l'incolumità dei passeggeri.
Flussi iperconcentrati e, con maggior frequenza, colate detritiche torrentizie si svilupparono in piccoli bacini idrografici, con aree comprese tra 1,3 e 1,8 km2 e pendenza media del canale tra 28° e 35°. Marcata sovraincisione del canale di deflusso, lobi e cordoni detritici, scortecciamento della vegetazione investita dal flusso sono state le manifestazioni più frequentemente osservate (Fig. 1).
Data l'esigua ampiezza del fondovalle, le colate più importanti interferirono con il corso del T. Savara, causandone talora il temporaneo sbarramento. Nel caso del T. Fouy è da sottolineare la forza d'impatto esercitata sul ponte sul T. Savara, ubicato immediatamente a valle della confluenza nel Savara stesso e trascinato per 35 m (Fig. 2).
I casi descritti sono rappresentativi di una situazione di pericolo comune nelle valli laterali alpine, in particolare nel periodo estivo. Le difficoltà e le incertezze che ancora sussistono in merito all'identificazione del momento e del luogo in cui i fenomeni impulsivi di colata possono innescarsi lungo la rete idrografica minore devono essere motivo di stimolo e monito agli organi pianificatori che devono prestare massima attenzione per questi processi, la cui pericolosità è legata in particolare alla repentinità d'innesco, alle notevoli velocità e forza di impatto, ai cospicui volumi di materiale solido mobilizzabili, a fronte delle dimensioni solitamente ridotte dei bacini coinvolti.
Lollino P., Amorosi A., Santaloia F. & Cotecchia F., 2005, Processi di instabilità di un versante in argille consistenti innescati da scavo.,
Incontro commemorativo e scientifico in ricordo del prof. Arturo Pellegrino, Napoli, 2005,
Polemio, M. Limoni, P. P. Mitolo, D. Santaloia, F. Virga, R., 2005, Nitrate pollution and quality degradation of Ionian coastal groundwater (Southern Italy),
Nitrates in groundwater, edited by Razowska-Jaworek L., Sadurski A., pp. 163–176. Rotterdam_ Balkema, 2005,
Abstract
The chemical and physical characterization of groundwater described by the paper resulted from a careful ...
The chemical and physical characterization of groundwater described by the paper resulted from a careful analysis of_ the aquifers lying in the Jonian coastal plain; of the relations between surface waters and groundwater and of the effects of anthropogenic factors on water quality. Two main types of aquifers have been recognized in the study area_ one involving the marine terraces and alluvial deposits in the inland sectors, and the second one corresponding with the alluvial, marine and coastal deposits of the lonian coastal plain. The quality of the entire groundwater system has been degraded by anthropogenic activities. This degradation is significant in terms of nitrate concentrations, which have increased considerably, especially in the years between 1990 and 2002. Two areas show a complex and serious degradation. The first area is located between the Agri and Cavone rivers, while the second one is located between the Basento and Bradano rivers. The total and fecal coliforms have been reported in high concentrations in the latter area, along with nitrogen cycle species and carcinogenic elements.
Mortara G., Deline P. & Chiarle M., 2005, Recent environmental dynamics associated with global climatic warming_ debris flow occurrence in close proximity of glaciers,
2005,
Coscarelli R., Gaudio R, Caloiero T., 2005, Valutazione di trend climatici. Applicazioni al bacino del F. Crati (Calabria).,
2005,
Abstract
Negli ultimi anni, numerosi studi sugli andamenti temporali di alcune variabili climatiche (temperatura, composizione chimica ...
Negli ultimi anni, numerosi studi sugli andamenti temporali di alcune variabili climatiche (temperatura, composizione chimica dell'atmosfera, precipitazione, livello medio del mare etc.) hanno messo in risalto l'esistenza di sensibili variazioni globali del clima terrestre. In questa memoria si presentano alcune analisi di dati idrologici misurati in stazioni pluviometriche e termometriche ricadenti nel bacino del Fiume Crati (Calabria). Le elaborazioni hanno riguardato il trend delle precipitazioni e delle temperature, nonché l'evoluzione temporale dei principali indici di aridità. I risultati evidenziano in maniera chiara un trend
negativo per le altezze di pioggia annua e per il numero di giorni piovosi. Per le temperature, invece, l'insufficiente numero di dati non permette di individuare andamenti temporali ben definiti, anche se si rileva su alcune stazioni un'estremizzazione dei valori, ossia un trend positivo della temperatura massima e un trend negativo della temperatura minima.
Gli indici di aridità, infine, rivelano condizioni tendenti all'aridità, pur essendo attualmente 'umide'.
Parise M., Qiriazi P. & Sala S., 2005, Evaporite karst of Albania.,
6th International Conference on Geomorphology, 7-11/09/2005, Zaragoza (Spain), 2005,
Calcaterra D., Parise M., Caputo P., De Pippo T., Langella A., Melluso L. & Morra V., 2005, Examples of lateral spreading in carbonate rocks of northern Madagascar,
General Assembly of the European Geosciences Union, Session NH8.02 Natural and anthropogenic hazards in karst areas, 24-29/04/2005., Vienna (Austria), 2005,
Tropeano D. & Turconi L., 2005, Colate rapide di detrito nelle alpi_ conoscere per prevenire,
Quaderni di Idronomia Montana 19/2 (2005): 273–282.,
Arattano M., 2005, Experimental and Representative Basins (ERB): the ERB2004 event.,
, 2005,
Berardino, P., Lanari, R., Pepe, A., Zeni, G., Casarano, D., Wasowsky, J., Guzzetti, F, 2005, A space,
EGU, Vienna, 2005,