Delle Rose M., Cacciatore G., Patianna M.,, 2007, The carbonate accretions of the Mannute Caves (Salento, southern Italy) and their paleoenvironmental significances.,
Epitome (Udine) 2 (2007): 287.,
Abstract
Physic-chemical and biological features exert primary control on the growth of carbonate continental deposits, and ...
Physic-chemical and biological features exert primary control on the growth of carbonate continental deposits, and produce a far greater morphologic and petrologic range. Such deposits appear to be parts of a continuum genetically allied carbonate fabrics mediated by environmental factors. Karstic caves usually host conditions suitable to the growth of carbonate accretions. Among the abiotic hypogean accretions, vadose and phreatic speleothems are referred to carbon dioxide degassing of dripping water and saturation of water solution. Nevertheless, the karst environments can allow the development of composite accretions, showing a number of interbedded or coalescent macro-morphology, texture and fabric.
In the Salento peninsula, the emerged southeastern portion of the Apulia Carbonatic Ridge (Auct.), inside the Mannute caves system, placed within lower Chattian - early Messinian clinostratified slope systems laterally disposed and grafted one upon the other, five main morphological types of accretions have been identified_ sub conical stalactites, bulky "elephant foot" stalactites, erratic pseudo-stalactites, (i.e. speleothems of abnormal shape grow downward from the cave roof) sub cylindrical stalagmites and sigmoidal composite accretions. Their morphological and petrological description and genetic interpretations are the issues of this note. The sub conical stalactites and the sub cylindrical stalagmites represent the usual speleothems growth through water dripping.
Concerning the erratic accretions, biogenic structures was recognized by means of microscope observation. According to a current terminology, they can be refer to the calcareous tufa deposits. Noticeable is that also parts of the sigmoidal composite accretions are formed by similar biogenic building. A few erratic pseudo-stalactites and sigmoidal composite accretions are presently interested by water dripping and colonised by plants association which can actively enhance such accretions. In fact, this tufas are seen to be the results of both physic-chemical and biogenic precipitations associated with biofilm encrustations involuntarily product during the decaying vegetation metabolised from micro-organisms. Active tufa precipitation is severely limited by low temperatures as this restricts soil respiration and limestone dissolution. In the temperate regions tufa accretion normally coincides with the interglacial phases.
About the bulky "elephant foot" stalactites, their morphological features let the attribution to the phreatic overgrowths. More in detail, these accretions should be developed around pre-existing stalactites situated at the range of paleo-sea level stands through aggregation of floating calcite rafts. Whose thickness corresponds to the water table fluctuations, which is in turn controlled by tides. This reconstruction need of freshwater - marine mixing zone inside the cave, probably a coastal spring, suitable to determine carbonates oversaturation of the brackish water.
The above summarily described carbonate accretions offer different possibility to the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic reconstructions, and appear remarkable geological indicators.
A detailed topographic survey have performed also tacking into account the neo-tectonic activity of the area, characterized by differential uplift and tilting. The accuracy of the draft of the cave performed allow to locate every component of the karst system with an high degree of detail. Accretions can be positioned in the 3D space with a precision of few millimetres and the virtual manipulation allow to bring both caves and accretions back into pre-tectonic uplift positions.
Detailed morphological and petrological analyses will finish the research.
Delle Rose M., Santi P., Renzulli A.,, 2007, Volcanogenic sediments of the Apulian Foreland_ implications on paleo-environment and provenance.,
Epitome (Udine) 2 (2007): 147.,
Abstract
In the Apulia region, which represents the Plio-Quaternary foreland of the Southern Apennines orogenic system, ...
In the Apulia region, which represents the Plio-Quaternary foreland of the Southern Apennines orogenic system, some volcaniclastic deposits are reported in the literature (Radina, 1958; Capaldi et al., 1979; Delle Rose, 2006). They crop out within the dolines of the Murge carbonatic plateau and are described as volcanic ash fall levels whose chemical and mineralogical features could be compatible with pyroclastics of the Vulture activity (Radina, 1958). Along the coastline of the Apulia, Holocene rhyolitic pumice levels are interbedded in the sand dunes (Cotecchia et al., 1969; Ricchetti and De Fino, 1969), whereas recent or actual volcaniclastic deposits are recorded within some karst caves (Lazzari, 1955; Palma di Cesnola, 1966). In the sedimentary deposits of the Bradanic Trough, several volcaniclastic layers are reported as interbedded within the "Subapennines Clay Formation" (lower - middle Pleistocene) and show a trachytic composition (Ciaranfi et al., 1996). Nevertheless, in the eastern side of the Bradanic Trough, in the neighbourhood of Taranto, a late lower Pleistocene (Sicilian) rhyolitic ash deposit is described (Capaldi et al., 1979; Mazzei, 1985).
This work gives a preliminary description of two new deposits containing volcaniclastic material, discovered on the southeastern Apulia, at S. Maria di Agnano (Ostuni, Brindisi) and Signorella (Cutrofiano, Lecce). As concerning the volcanogenic sediments of these two localities we are dealing with their depositional features and possible source areas. At S. Maria di Agnano slightly lithified mixed volcaniclastic-biogenic-terrigenous sediments fill decimetric-size karstified vertical fractures of the Cretaceous carbonatic substratum. Benthos content indicates very shallow sea or shoreline environment of deposition (Delle Rose and Medagli, this volume). The volcanic components are mainly represented by aphyric (P.I.<=3%) rhyolitic pumices with few microphenocrysts of feldspar and biotite. The elevation of these filled karst fractures, that is about 190 m above sea level, rule out a correlation of these volcanogenic deposits with the Holocene pumice levels detected southward in the coastal area between Taranto and Leuca (Ricchetti and De Fino, 1969). The lithified volcaniclastic deposit of Signorella, overlaying the local neritic "Subapennines Clay-like unit", is about 10 cm thick and truncated on top by an erosional surface. The fine grained and graded components are represented by pumiceous lapilli and glass shards frequently with Y-shape. On the basis of the literature, this level can be referred to the late lower Pleistocene, the age being fixed by the top of "Subapennines Clay-like unit" (Salvatorini, 1969; Bossio et al., 1987).
We will explore possible relationships and common provenance among S. Maria di Agnano and Signorella deposits and the already known rhyolitic ash of Taranto.
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Abstract
Il 29 agosto 2003, un intenso sistema convettivo ha interessato il bacino del
fiume Fella, nellíalto ...
Il 29 agosto 2003, un intenso sistema convettivo ha interessato il bacino del
fiume Fella, nellíalto bacino del Tagliamento (Alpi Orientali Italiane), dando
luogo a precipitazioni di circa 300 mm in sei ore. Nel piccolo bacino del Rio
Cucco (0.65 km2), questo evento meteorico ha causato líinnesco di una colata
detritica di grande entit?, caratterizzata da un volume di circa 80000 m3. Lo
svolgimento di una dettagliata campagna di rilievi geomorfologici e líapplicazione
di un modello idrologico distribuito hanno permesso di quantificare i
deflussi liquidi e di valutare i processi erosivi e di apporto solido alla rete idrografica.
Líanalisi dellíevento meteorico Ë stata condotta sulla base di stime di
precipitazioni da radar e da rete di pluviografi. I rilievi di campo, condotti sia
prima che dopo líevento, hanno permesso di valutare il volume di materiale
eroso e caratterizzarne la distribuzione spaziale. Interviste a qualificati testimoni
oculari hanno fornito importanti elementi per la ricostruzione della dinamica
della colata detritica. Líanalisi idrologica ha evidenziato, in particolare, che il
rapporto fra i volumi solidi e liquidi Ë fortemente influenzato dai volumi idrici
immagazzinati nelle falde detritiche successivamente rimosse dalla colata.
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Abstract
Le isole Tremiti rappresentano un particolare esempio in cui i processi di demolizione delle falesie ...
Le isole Tremiti rappresentano un particolare esempio in cui i processi di demolizione delle falesie sono estremamente attivi e dovuti essenzialmente alle condizioni di affioramento degli ammassi carbonatici di età compresa fra il Paleocene ed il Pliocene medio-superiore con coperture pleistoceniche ed oloceniche, morfologicamente e strutturalmente controllati dall'evoluzione geodinamica, e dall'esposizione ad agenti esogeni quali l'azione disgregatrice esercitata dalle mareggiate, agli effetti del weathering dovuti allo spray marino e al dilavamento da parte delle acque meteoriche, all'azione eolica e, sia pure con intensità
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