J.Wasowski, M.J.McSaveney, L.Pisano, V. Del Gaudio, Y.Lib, W.Hub, 2021, Recurrent rock avalanches progressively dismantle a mountain ridge in Beichuan County, Sichuan, most recently in the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 374 (2021). doi_10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107492,
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107492
Abstract
Large earthquake-triggered landslides, in particular rock avalanches, can have catastrophic consequences. However, without accelerometer records, ...
Large earthquake-triggered landslides, in particular rock avalanches, can have catastrophic consequences. However, without accelerometer records, the recognition of slopes prone to such failures remains difficult, because slope-specific seismic response depends on many factors including local topography, landforms, structure and internal geology. We address these issues by exploring the case of a rock avalanche of >3 million m3 triggered by the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in the Longmen Shan range, China. The failure, denominated Yangjia gully rock avalanche, occurred in Beichuan County (Sichuan Province), one of the areas that suffered the highest shaking intensity and death toll caused by co-seismic landsliding. Even though the Wenchuan earthquake produced tens of large (volume > 1 million m3) rock avalanches, many of which resulted in dangerous landslides, few studies so far have examined the pre-2008 history of the failed slope or reported on the stratigraphic record of mass-movement deposits exposed along local river courses. The presented case of the Yangjia gully rock avalanche shows the importance of such attempts as they provide information on the recurrence of large slope failures and their associated hazards. Our effort stems from recognition, on 2005 satellite imagery, of topography and morphology indicative of a large, apparently pre-historic slope failure and the associated breached landslide dam, both features closely resembling the forms generated in the catastrophic 2008 earthquake. The follow-up reconstruction recognizes an earlier landslide deposit exhumed from beneath the 2008 Yangjia gully rock avalanche by fluvial erosion since May 2008. We infer a seismic trigger also for the pre-2008 rock avalanche based on the following circumstantial evidence_ i) the same source area (valley-facing, terminal portion of a flat-topped, elongated mountain ridge) located within one and a half kilometer of the seismically active Beichuan fault; ii) significant directional amplification of ground vibration, sub-parallel to the failed slope direction, detected via ambient noise measurements on the ridge adjacent to the source area of the 2008 rock avalanche and iii) common depositional and textural features of the two landslide deposits. Then, we show how, through consideration of the broader geomorphic and seismo-tectonic contexts, one can gain insight into the spatial and temporal recurrence of catastrophic slope failures in Beichuan County and elsewhere in the Longmen Shan. This insight, combined with local-scale geologic and geomorphologic knowledge, may guide selection of suspect slopes for reconnaissance, wide-area ambient noise investigation aimed at discriminating their relative susceptibility to co-seismic catastrophic failures. We indicate the feasibility of such investigations through the example of this study, which uses 3-component velocimeters designed to register low amplitude ground vibration.
Bordoni, M.; Vivaldi, V.; Lucchelli, L.; Ciabatta, L.; Brocca, L.; Galve, J. P.; Meisina, C., 2020, Development of a data-driven model for spatial and temporal shallow landslide probability of occurrence at catchment scale,
Landslides (Berl., Print) (2020). doi_10.1007/s10346-020-01592-3,
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-020-01592-3
Abstract
A combined method was developed to forecast the spatial and the temporal probability of occurrence ...
A combined method was developed to forecast the spatial and the temporal probability of occurrence of rainfall-induced shallow landslides over large areas. The method also allowed to estimate the dynamic change of this probability during a rainfall event. The model, developed through a data-driven approach basing on Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines technique, was based on a joint probability between the spatial probability of occurrence (susceptibility) and the temporal one. The former was estimated on the basis of geological, geomorphological, and hydrological predictors. The latter was assessed considering short-term cumulative rainfall, antecedent rainfall, soil hydrological conditions, expressed as soil saturation degree, and bedrock geology. The predictive capability of the methodology was tested for past triggering events of shallow landslides occurred in representative catchments of Oltrepò Pavese, in northern Italian Apennines. The method provided excellently to outstanding performance for both the really unstable hillslopes (area under ROC curve until 0.92, true positives until 98.8%, true negatives higher than 80%) and the identification of the triggering time (area under ROC curve of 0.98, true positives of 96.2%, true negatives of 94.6%). The developed methodology allowed us to obtain feasible results using satellite-based rainfall products and data acquired by field rain gauges. Advantages and weak points of the method, in comparison also with traditional approaches for the forecast of shallow landslides, were also provided.
Marco Cavalli, Marco Borga, Stefano Crema, Lorenzo Marchi, 2020, Progetto “GPR” “Approfondimento delle strategie di Governo della Pericolosità alluvionale a seguito dell’evento del 29 ottobre 2018 sul rio Rotiano” – Analisi delle variazioni morfologiche indotte nel conoide e lungo il canale del Rio Rotian dall’evento del 29 ottobre 2018,
2020,
Abstract
Nel presente rapporto si riportano le risultanze delle analisi DoD effettuate nell'area del conoide e ...
Nel presente rapporto si riportano le risultanze delle analisi DoD effettuate nell'area del conoide e lungo l'asta principale del Rio Rotian interessato da un ingente evento di colata detritica il 29 ottobre 2018.
Anna Roccati, Guido Paliaga, Fabio Luino, Francesco Faccini, Laura Turconi, 2020, Rainfall Threshold for Shallow Landslides Initiation and Analysis of Long-Term Rainfall Trends in a Mediterranean Area,
Atmosphere (Basel) 11(12), 1367 (2020). doi_10.3390/atmos11121367,
DOI: 10.3390/atmos11121367
Abstract
The effects of climate change on landslide activity may have important environmental, socio-economic, and political ...
The effects of climate change on landslide activity may have important environmental, socio-economic, and political consequences. In the last decades, several short-term extreme rainfall events affected Mediterranean regions, resulted in damaging geo-hydrological processes and casualties. It is unequivocal that the impact of landslides in several Mediterranean countries is increasing with time, but until now, there has been little or no quantitative data to support these increases. In this paper, both rainfall conditions for the occurrence of shallow landslides and rainfall trends were investigated in the Portofino promontory, which extends in the Ligurian Sea, where heavy rainfall and related ground effects often occur. Adopting a frequentist approach, the empirical intensity-duration threshold was estimated. Our findings highlight that the rainfall intensity required to trigger landslides is lower for the same duration than those expected in other similar environments, suggesting a high susceptibility to rainfall-induced landslides in the Portofino territory. Further, the Mann-Kendall test and Hurst exponent were used for detecting potential trends. Analysis of long-term rainfall time series showed statistically significant increasing trends in short duration precipitation occurrence and rainfall rates, suggesting a possible future scenario with a more frequent exceedance of the threshold triggering value and an increase of landslide risk.
Giovanni Gullà, Luigi Borrelli, Luigi Aceto, 2020, FRANE TIPIZZATE IN ROCCE GNEISSICHE_ RILEVANZA E STATO DELL’ARTE,
Tecniche per la Difesa del Suolo e dall'Inquinamento, pp. 213–227, Guardia Piemontese, 2020,
Abstract
. Le frane e la loro conoscenza, essenziale per progettare gli interventi che concorrono alla ...
. Le frane e la loro conoscenza, essenziale per progettare gli interventi che concorrono alla gestione del rischio, presentano notevoli complessità e richiedono un impegno rilevante di tempo e di risorse. L'analisi sistematica dei risultati di studi su frane rappresentative in contesti geo-ambientali e sociali omogenei consente di individuare "famiglie" di frane tipizzate costituite da due o più frane che presentano un adeguato numero di elementi caratteristici simili (geomateriali, profondità massima, velocità caratteristiche, ecc.). Il metodo proposto nella nota consente una comprensione più rapida dei meccanismi di frana riconducibili ad una famiglia di frane tipizzate e, ancora, di trasferire e utilizzare le conoscenze dal singolo versante, all'area vasta ed all'analisi regionale in maniera circolare ed efficace. La diffusione delle rocce metamorfiche in Calabria, gneissiche in particolare, e il profondo grado di alterazione che le caratterizza, le espone ad un'elevata suscettibilità alle frane. In tale scenario, il metodo proposto ed i risultati che fornisce costituiscono utili strumenti per la definizione di efficaci strategie di intervento per
l'adattamento, la mitigazione e la riduzione del rischio da frana. Utilizzando risultati relativi ad aree e siti oggetto di studi interdisciplinari, sono illustrati nella nota gli elementi di frana tipizzati con i livelli di analisi considerati (regionale, su area vasta e di dettaglio). La discussione dei risultati delinea la praticabilità del percorso proposto e conferma l'utilità a sviluppare l'approccio, con i dovuti approfondimenti e le necessarie precisazioni, per altri contesti geoambientali. Si rileva, in conclusione, come la disponibilità di frane tipizzate consente su area vasta di pianificare le priorità degli interventi e di programmare al meglio l'utilizzo delle risorse disponibili, mentre per il singolo versante permette di massimizzare le conoscenze a parità di risorse disponibili e, quindi, di garantire una maggiore sostenibilità socio-economica degli interventi nel medio-lungo termine. Gli elementi tipizzati con livello di analisi regionale indirizzano, infine, la scelta di aree di studio rappresentative di particolari possibili condizioni di rischio.
Giorgia DALLA SANTA, Luca SCHENATO, Philippe PASQUIER, Antonio GALGARO, 2020, A Comparison Between Traditional and Hybrid Optic Fibre Based Ground Thermal Response Tests,
World Geothermal Congress 2020, Reykjavik, Iceland, 21-26/05/2021,
Abstract
The importance of analysing and understanding the entity of the ground thermal conductivity aimed at ...
The importance of analysing and understanding the entity of the ground thermal conductivity aimed at evaluating the heat exchange capability in ground-source heat-pump (GSHP) applications is crucial. The subsoil represents the limiting factor in borehole heat exchanger (BHE) field design for building conditioning, due to its immutability and the cumbersome expenses associated with the installation drilling phase. Currently, there are several methods for assessing the thermal properties of a geological setting_ laboratory analyses on sample corings, thermal response tests (TRTs) and distributed TRTs carried out with fibre optic sensors. In this regard, a GSHP system of more than 60 BHEs 120m deep has been realized at the new humanistic campus of the University of Padova (Italy). The coring provided a detailed stratigraphic sequence of unconsolidated alluvial deposits. Besides, the monitoring well has been equipped with a hybrid optical fibre cable integrating some electrical wires conductors and a bundle of fibre optics, sealed into the well. The fibre optic cable has been used here in an active mode to perform an Enhanced Thermal Response Test (ETRT) by injecting a constant heating power through the electrical wires contained within the cable structure and by measuring the transient thermal behaviour of the borehole. This kind of TRT has distributed features because exploits the optical fibre sensing technology to provide a spatial distributed representation of the behaviour of the subsoil along the stratigraphic succession. In the paper, the data acquired from the distributed ETRT have been analysed with two different method (analysis of the measured temperature by applying the first-order approximation of the infinite line-source model and the derivative analysis); the results are compared each other and to the global thermal conductivity provided by the traditional TRT in relation to the local stratigraphic succession.
Luca Schenato, Alessandro Pasuto, Riccardo Veronese, Gianluca Guerra, Gianluca Marcon, Andrea Galtarossa, Luca Palmieri, 2020, AN OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE FOR DISTRIBUTED PRESSURE SENSING WITH HIGH RESOLUTION AND SENSITIVITY,
Italian Conference on Optics and Photonics - ICOP 2020, Parma, 8-11/09/2020,
Abstract
In this work, we present an optical fibre cable for distributed pressure sensing employing standard ...
In this work, we present an optical fibre cable for distributed pressure sensing employing standard single-mode fibres. The
cable can be interrogated with a distributed strain sensing interrogator, either based on Rayleigh or Brillouin scattering. By
using an optical frequency domain reflectometer with 1 ?? of strain resolution on a cable prototype, we found that the spatial
resolution is approx. 8.5 cm, and the pressure resolution and accuracy are approximately 5 Pa and 10 hPa, respectively.
Luca Schenato, Pia R. Tecca, Andrea M. Deganutti, Hugo F. Martins, Andrés García-Ruiz, María del Rosario Fernández-Ruiz, Sonia Martín-López, Francesco Zarattini, Antonio Pol, Fabio Gabrieli, Riccardo Veronese, Gianluca Guerra, Gianluca Marcon, Andrea Galtarossa, Alessandro Pasuto, Miguel González-Herráez, Luca Palmieri, 2020, DETECTING DEBRIS FLOWS BY DISTRIBUTED ACOUSTIC SENSING,
Italian Conference on Optics and Photonics - ICOP 2020, Parma, 8-11/09/2020,
Abstract
In this work, we have monitored some debris flows in an artificial inclined flume, instrumented ...
In this work, we have monitored some debris flows in an artificial inclined flume, instrumented with approx. 800 m of fiber,
wound in 20 coils. The fiber was interrogated using a distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) system based on a chirped-pulses
phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometer and the acquired signals were analyzed confirming the viability of DAS for
debris flows monitoring.
Lorenzo Marchi, Marco Cavalli, Giacomo Tedesco, 2020, Progetto “GPR” “Approfondimento delle strategie di Governo della Pericolosità alluvionale a seguito dell’evento del 29 ottobre 2018 sul rio Rotiano” – Analisi granulometriche,
2020,
Abstract
Le caratteristiche granulometriche della colata detritica che ha interessato il rio Rotiano ed il suo ...
Le caratteristiche granulometriche della colata detritica che ha interessato il rio Rotiano ed il suo conoide il 29 ottobre 2018, d'interesse per la caratterizzazione del fenomeno e la sua analisi modellistica sono state oggetto di rilievi eseguiti in luoghi e tempi differenti e con diversi metodi. Il rapporto raccoglie e presenta in modo omogeneo le analisi granulometriche finora (dicembre 2020) effettuate da diverse persone e istituzioni nel bacino e sul conoide del rio Rotiano.
Fausto Guzzetti (1), Snje?ana Mihali? Arbanas (2), Paola Reichenbach (3) o Kyoji Sassa (4)o Peter T. Bobrowsky (5) o Kaoru Takara (4), 2020, Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk, From Mapping to Hazard and Risk Zonation,
Basel: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2020,
Abstract
From Mapping to Hazard and Risk Zonation is Volume 2 of the book "Understanding and ...
From Mapping to Hazard and Risk Zonation is Volume 2 of the book "Understanding and Reducing Landslide Disaster Risk", prepared to collect selected contributions presented to the Fifth World Landslide Forum (WLF5), to be held in Tokyo, Japan, 2-6 November 2021. A contribution of the International Consortium of Landslides (ICL) to landslide disaster risk reduction, the volume is divided in six parts, and comprises an editorial introduction, two keynote articles, and 52 articles covering five main topics related to (i) landslide detection, recognition and mapping techniques and methods tested at various geographical scales and in different morphological, geological and climatic settings, (ii) landslide susceptibility assessment and spatial landslide modelling at different geographical scales, using consolidated and innovative techniques, (iii) landslide size statistics and landslide temporal modelling, which are key, yet inadequately investigated to landslide hazard assessment, (iv) landslide data and information collection, organization, and sharing for improved disaster mitigation, and (v) vulnerability to landslides of people, communities and the built environment, key but poorly understood components of landslide risk assessment.
Titti G.; Bossi G.; Zhou G.G.D.; Marcato G.; Pasuto A., 2020, Backward automatic calibration for three-dimensional landslide models,
Geosciences Frontiers 12 (2020): 231–241. doi_10.1016/j.gsf.2020.03.011,
DOI: 10.1016/j.gsf.2020.03.011
Abstract
Back-analysis is broadly used for approaching geotechnical problems when monitoring data are available and information ...
Back-analysis is broadly used for approaching geotechnical problems when monitoring data are available and information about the soils properties is of poor quality. For landslide stability assessment back-analysis calibration is usually carried out by time consuming trial-and-error procedure. This paper presents a new automatic Decision Support System that supports the selection of the soil parameters for three-dimensional models of landslides based on monitoring data. The method considering a pool of possible solutions, generated through permutation of soil parameters, selects the best ten configurations that are more congruent with the measured displacements. This reduces the operator biases while on the other hand allows the operator to control each step of the computation. The final selection of the preferred solution among the ten best-fitting solutions is carried out by an operator. The operator control is necessary as he may include in the final decision process all the qualitative elements that cannot be included in a qualitative analysis but nevertheless characterize a landslide dynamic as a whole epistemological subject, for example on the base of geomorphological evidence. A landslide located in Northeast Italy has been selected as example for showing the system potentiality. The proposed method is straightforward, scalable and robust and could be useful for researchers and practitioners.
Daniele Giordan, Niccolò Dematteis, Fabrizio Troilo, Valerio Segor, Danilo Godone, 2020, Close-Range Sensing of Alpine Glaciers,
Glaciers and Polar Environment, pp. 1–20, 2020,
Abstract
Glacial processes can have a strong impact on human activities in terms of hazards and ...
Glacial processes can have a strong impact on human activities in terms of hazards and freshwater supply. Therefore, scientific observation is fundamental to understand their current state and possible evolution. To achieve this aim, various monitoring systems have been developed in the last decades to monitor different geophysical and geochemical properties. In this manuscript, we describe examples of close-range monitoring sensors to measure the glacier dynamics_ (i) terrestrial interferometric radar, (ii) monoscopic time-lapse camera, (iii) total station, (iv) laser scanner, (v) ground-penetrating radar and (vi) structure form motion. We present the monitoring applications in the Planpincieux and Grandes Jorasses glaciers, which are located in the touristic area of the Italian side of the Mont Blanc massif. In recent years, the Planpincieux-Grandes Jorasses complex has become an open-air research laboratory of glacial monitoring techniques. Many close-range surveys have been conducted in this environment and a permanent network of monitoring systems that measures glacier surface deformation is presently active
Antronico, Loredana; Coscarelli, Roberto; De Pascale, Francesco; Di Matteo, Dante, 2020, Climate Change and Social Perception_ A Case Study in Southern Italy,
Sustainability (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/su12176985,
DOI: 10.3390/su12176985
Abstract
The consequences of climate change can involve various ambits and be very severe. For this ...
The consequences of climate change can involve various ambits and be very severe. For this reason, the social perception of climate change is a fundamental issue since it can influence the decisions of the policymakers, by encouraging or discouraging political, economic and social actions. In this paper, a sample of 300 interviews, collected through a standardized questionnaire and carried out among two municipalities located in southern Italy, was exploited to investigate the perception of climate change. Specific issues, regarding perceptions about climate change, concerns about its impacts, level of information, behavior and actions, exposure to extreme natural events and trust, were addressed to give answers to the research questions_ (i) Is climate change perceived by the population? (ii) What is the degree of the community resilience to extreme natural events and climate change? As the main findings, this survey highlighted that the spatio-temporal dimension affects population perception, suggesting that some issues, such as correct behavior towards the geosphere, the sustainability of anthropization processes, community resilience and disaster risk reduction policies, can be very central and useful to mitigate the effects of climate change in population and society. Moreover, climate change perception varies in relation to contextual factors, including media communication, socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, knowledge and education, economic and institutional factors, personal values and, finally, psychological factors and experience.
Calvello, M.; Devoli, G.; Freeborough, K.; Gariano, S. L.; Guzzetti, F.; Kirschbaum, D.; Nakaya, H.; Robbins, J.; Stahli, M., 2020, LandAware: a new international network on Landslide Early Warning Systems,
Landslides (Berl., Print) 17 (2020): 2699–2702. doi_10.1007/s10346-020-01548-7,
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-020-01548-7
Fabio Luino, Laura Turconi, Barbara Bono, Franco Godone, 2020, Relazione conclusiva sull’attività svolta nell’ambito del Progetto ARTEMIDE ARchivio TEMatico Immagini Aerofotografiche Di Eventi,
2020,
Abstract
Con il Progetto ARTEMIDE si è voluto realizzare un database di consultazione in ambito GIS ...
Con il Progetto ARTEMIDE si è voluto realizzare un database di consultazione in ambito GIS open source della risorsa aerofotografica, secondo criteri logici di archiviazione e una sua valorizzazione e fruibilità come risorsa conoscitiva esplorabile anche da utenti esterni. Il finanziamento ottenuto per tale bando ha permesso di svolgere un'attività scientifico-tecnica articolata per 24 mesi finalizzata alla valorizzazione del patrimonio e alla tanto auspicata realizzazione di una piattaforma pubblica di consultazione.
Va segnalato che, con apposita Dichiarazione di cui al prot. 1256/34.04.04 del 20 aprile 2018, il patrimonio fotografico, congiuntamente a quello documentale conservato presso l'IRPI di Torino, è stato riconosciuto di "grande valore storico-scientifico" e di conseguenza sottoposto alla tutela della Soprintendenza Archivistica e Bibliografica del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta.
Grazie alle attività e all'impegno di risorse umane e finanziarie il personale CNR IRPI ha potuto in circa 11 anni di vedere finalmente una delle risorse documentali (insieme alla biblioteca e all'archivio) adeguatamente riconosciuta anche all'esterno per la sua importanza scientifica, storica, culturale, ambientale.
Le azioni compiute con il progetto ARTEMIDE, sono sostanzialmente state finalizzate alla conservazione, valorizzazione e condivisione del patrimonio documentale.
Peng, Jian; Albergel, Clement; Balenzano, Anna; Brocca, Luca; Cartus, Oliver; Cosh, Michael H.; Crow, Wade T.; Dabrowska-Zielinska, Katarzyna; Dadson, Simon; Davidson, Malcolm W.J.; de Rosnay, Patricia; Dorigo, Wouter; Gruber, Alexander; Hagemann, Stefan; Hirschi, Martin; Kerr, Yann H.; Lovergine, Francesco; Mahecha, Miguel D.; Marzahn, Philip; Mattia, Francesco; Musial, Jan Pawel; Preuschmann, Swantje; Reichle, Rolf H.; Satalino, Giuseppe; Silgram, Martyn; van Bodegom, Peter M.; Verhoest, Niko E.C.; Wagner, Wolfgang; Walker, Jeffrey P.; Wegmüller, Urs; Loew, Alexander, 2020, A roadmap for high-resolution satellite soil moisture applications – confronting product characteristics with user requirements,
Remote sensing of environment (2020). doi_10.1016/j.rse.2020.112162,
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2020.112162
Abstract
Soil moisture observations are of broad scientific interest and practical value for a wide range ...
Soil moisture observations are of broad scientific interest and practical value for a wide range of applications. The scientific community has made significant progress in estimating soil moisture from satellite-based Earth observation data, particularly in operationalizing coarse-resolution (25-50 km) soil moisture products. This review summarizes existing applications of satellite-derived soil moisture products and identifies gaps between the characteristics of currently available soil moisture products and the application requirements from various disciplines. We discuss the efforts devoted to the generation of high-resolution soil moisture products from satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data such as Sentinel-1 C-band backscatter observations and/or through downscaling of existing coarse-resolution microwave soil moisture products. Open issues and future opportunities of satellite-derived soil moisture are discussed, providing guidance for further development of operational soil moisture products and bridging the gap between the soil moisture user and supplier communities.
El Khalki, El Mandi; Tramblay, Yves; Massari, Christian; Brocca, Luca; Simonneaux, Vincent; Gascoin, Simon; Saidi, Mohamed El Mehdi, 2020, Challenges in flood modeling over data-scarce regions_ how to exploit globally available soil moisture products to estimate antecedent soil wetness conditions in Morocco,
Natural hazards and earth system sciences (Print) 20 (2020): 2591–2607. doi_10.5194/nhess-20-2591-2020,
DOI: 10.5194/nhess-20-2591-2020
Abstract
The Mediterranean region is characterized by intense rainfall events giving rise to devastating floods. In ...
The Mediterranean region is characterized by intense rainfall events giving rise to devastating floods. In Maghreb countries such as Morocco, there is a strong need for forecasting systems to reduce the impacts of floods. The development of such a system in the case of ungauged catchments is complicated, but remote-sensing products could overcome the lack of in situ measurements. The soil moisture content can strongly modulate the magnitude of flood events and consequently is a crucial parameter to take into account for flood modeling. In this study, different soil moisture products (European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative, ESA-CCI; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity, SMOS; Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Centre d'Etudes Spatiales de la Biosphere, SMOS-IC; Advanced Scatterometer, ASCAT; and ERAS reanalysis) are compared to in situ measurements and one continuous soil-moisture-accounting (SMA) model for basins located in the High Atlas Mountains, upstream of the city of Marrakech. The results show that the SMOSIC satellite product and the ERAS reanalysis are best correlated with observed soil moisture and with the SMA model outputs. The different soil moisture datasets were also compared to estimate the initial soil moisture condition for an event-based hydrological model based on the Soil Conservation Service curve number (SCS-CN). The ASCAT, SMOS-IC, and ERAS products performed equally well in validation to simulate floods, outperforming daily in situ soil moisture measurements that may not be representative of the whole catchment soil moisture conditions. The results also indicated that the daily time step may not fully represent the saturation state before a flood event due to the rapid decay of soil moisture after rainfall in these semiarid environments. Indeed, at the hourly time step, ERAS and in situ measurements were found to better represent the initial soil moisture conditions of the SCS-CN model by comparison with the daily time step. The results of this work could be used to implement efficient flood modeling and forecasting systems in semiarid regions where soil moisture measurements are lacking.
Camici, Stefania; Massari, Christian; Ciabatta, Luca; Marchesini, Ivan; Brocca, Luca, 2020, Which rainfall score is more informative about the performance in river discharge simulation? A comprehensive assessment on 1318 basins over Europe,
Hydrology and earth system sciences 24 (2020): 4869–4885. doi_10.5194/hess-24-4869-2020,
DOI: 10.5194/hess-24-4869-2020
Abstract
The global availability of satellite rainfall products (SRPs) at an increasingly high temporal and spatial ...
The global availability of satellite rainfall products (SRPs) at an increasingly high temporal and spatial resolution has made their exploitation in hydrological applications possible, especially in data-scarce regions. In this context, understanding how uncertainties transfer from SRPs to river discharge simulations, through the hydrological model, is a main research question.
Tarpanelli A., Iodice F., Brocca L., Restano M., Benveniste J., 2020, River flow monitoring by Sentinel-3 OLCI and MODIS_ comparison and combination,
Remote sensing (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/rs12233867,
DOI: 10.3390/rs12233867
Abstract
The monitoring of rivers by satellite is an up-to-date subject in hydrological studies as confirmed ...
The monitoring of rivers by satellite is an up-to-date subject in hydrological studies as confirmed by the interest of space agencies to finance specific missions that respond to the quantification of surface water flows. We address the problem by using multi-spectral sensors, in the near-infrared (NIR) band, correlating the reflectance ratio between a dry and a wet pixel extracted from a time series of images, the C/M ratio, with five river flow-related variables_ water level, river discharge, flow area, mean flow velocity and surface width. The innovative aspect of this study is the use of the Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) on board Sentinel-3 satellites, compared to the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) used in previous studies. Our results show that the C/M ratio from OLCI and MODIS is more correlated with the mean flow velocity than with other variables. To improve the number of observations, OLCI and MODIS products are combined into multi-mission time series. The integration provides good quality data at around daily resolution, appropriate for the analysis of the Po River investigated in this study. Finally, the combination of only MODIS products outperforms the other configurations with a frequency slightly lower (~1.8 days).
Caloiero T.; Filice E.; Coscarelli R.; Pellicone G., 2020, A homogeneous dataset for rainfall trend analysis in the Calabria Region (Southern Italy),
Water (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/w12092541,
DOI: 10.3390/w12092541
Abstract
In order to investigate the tendency in rainfall amount in Calabria (southern Italy), in this ...
In order to investigate the tendency in rainfall amount in Calabria (southern Italy), in this work, monthly rainfall series were first tested for homogeneity and then a trend analysis was performed. In particular, a homogenization approach based on the Climatol method was applied to homogenize monthly climatological series. Then, the Mann-Kendall non-parametric test and the Theil-Sen estimator were applied to evaluate the presence of trends and their significance in the monthly, seasonal and annual rainfall series. Moreover, the trend slopes were further evaluated with a linear regression analysis. At the annual scale, results evidenced a decreasing trend mainly in the north-eastern part of the region. At the seasonal scale, a spatial distributed negative trend in winter, and a positive trend in summer, mainly localized in the north-western part of the region, were identified. Finally, on a monthly scale negative trends spreading across the region were detected in January and December, with an opposite behavior in July and especially in September, when almost the entire region presented a positive trend.
Paolo Allasia, Danilo Godone, Giorgio Pezzetti, Ivan Mammone, Eliano Romani, 2020, The Use of a Robotized Inclinometer System to Measure Deep-Seated Ground Deformation in a Monumental Area During TBM Tunnel Excavations. The Case of Rome Subway, New Line C,
Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering, edited by Shehata, H. ; Badr, M., pp. 44–58. Basel_ Springer Nature Switzerland, 2020,
Abstract
The new section T3 of Rome Metro network (line C) stretches in an important World ...
The new section T3 of Rome Metro network (line C) stretches in an important World Heritage area (Colosseo, Fori imperiali etc.). In order to monitor and assure the safety of this heritage, a very complex monitoring network has been installed to provide information on monuments status, on the effectiveness of the designer's hypothesis and on the evolution of the TBM tunnel excavation. In cooperation with METROC S.c.p.A, General Contractor for planning and construction of the project, a robotized inclinometer system was experimentally installed with the aim of measuring the deep-seated ground deformations in three sections with different inclinometer tubes length. This equipment allows the measurement of deep horizontal displacements using a single inclinometer probe and a robotic system that automatically manage the probe for the entire length of the borehole with 50 cm step and double reading (0/180°). The experimental activity was carried out before, during and after the TBM excavation and allowed the monitoring of three sections at the Basilica of Santo Stefano Rotondo al Celio (62 m), Fori Imperiali (43 m and 33 m) with a frequency of measurement up to 6 measurements/day. The results showed interesting relations between TBM progress and horizontal deep deformations induced by tunnel excavation. These deformations, although very small, highlighted the potential of this instrumentation in terms of accuracy, vertical spatial resolution and very high frequency of measurements. This type of results can be useful to a more complete interpretation of the subsoil deformations and interaction between excavation and the surrounding built environment.
Viani C., Chiarle M., Paranunzio R., Merlone A., Musacchio C., Coppa G., Nigrelli G., 2020, An integrated approach to investigate climate-driven rockfall occurrence in high alpine slopes_ the Bessanese glacial basin, Western Italian Alps,
Journal of mountain science (Online) 17 (2020): 2591–2610.,
Abstract
Rockfalls are one of the most common instability processes in high mountains. They represent a ...
Rockfalls are one of the most common instability processes in high mountains. They represent a relevant issue, both for the risks they represent for (infra) structures and frequentation, and for their potential role as terrestrial indicators of climate change. This study aims to contribute to the growing topic of the relationship between climate change and slope instability at the basin scale. The selected study area is the Bessanese glacial basin (Western Italian Alps) which, since 2016, has been specifically equipped, monitored and investigated for this purpose. In order to provide a broader context for the interpretation of the recent rockfall events and associated climate conditions, a cross-temporal and integrated approach has been adopted. For this purpose, geomorphological investigations (last 100 years), local climate (last 30 years) and near-surface rock/air temperatures analyses, have been carried out. First research outcomes show that rockfalls occurred in two different geomorphological positions_ on rock slopes in permafrost condition, facing from NW to NE and/or along the glacier margins, on rock slopes uncovered by the ice in the last decades. Seasonal thaw of the active layer and/or glacier debutressing can be deemed responsible for slope failure preparation. With regard to timing, almost all dated rock falls occurred in summer. For the July events, initiation may have been caused by a combination of rapid snow melt and enhanced seasonal thaw of the active layer due to anomalous high temperatures, and rainfall. August events are, instead, associated with a significant positive temperature anomaly on the quarterly scale, and they can be ascribed to the rapid and/or in depth thaw of the permafrost active layer. According to our findings, we can expect that in the Bessanese glacierized basin, as in similar high mountain areas, climate change will cause an increase of slope instability in the future. To fasten knowledge deepening, we highlight the need for a growth of a network of high elevation experimental sites at the basin scale, and the definition of shared methodological and measurement standards, that would allow a more rapid and effective comparison of data.
Antronico L., De Pascale F., Coscarelli R., Gullà G., 2020, Interventi non strutturali nella filiera per la gestione del rischio_ la percezione sociale e la comunicazione del rischio geo-idrologico secondo gli esperti nel caso studio di Maierato (Calabria meridionale, Italia),
Geologia dell'ambiente Supplemento al n. 1/2020 (2020): 213–217.,
Abstract
La gestione del rischio, in emergenza e in condizioni ordinarie, si può schematizzare secondo una ...
La gestione del rischio, in emergenza e in condizioni ordinarie, si può schematizzare secondo una filiera che utilizza l'adattamento, la mitigazione e la riduzione del rischio, perseguibili con interventi strutturali e non strutturali variamente combinati. Filo conduttore del percorso delineato è la valutazione della pericolosità dei fenomeni e/o degli eventi,
su area vasta e su singolo versante. Fra gli interventi non strutturali assumono un ruolo di rilievo il monitoraggio - specialmente se condotto nell'ambito di laboratori in sito - e il coinvolgimento delle comunità che vivono nelle aree a rischio. In particolare, il coinvolgimento della popolazione risulta essenziale per conseguire i risultati più efficaci possibili nella gestione del rischio stesso. Tutti concordano, infatti, nell'affermare che un'adeguata informazione e consapevolezza dei cittadini sull'esposizione al rischio, nonché un'educazione al rischio stesso, siano fondamentali per attuare mirate strategie di intervento. Infatti, se la popolazione non è sufficientemente consapevole ed informata dei pericoli naturali a cui è esposta, difficilmente adotterà misure che ne possano ridurre gli impatti negativi. Se da una parte, quindi, è importante che una comunità sia informata e consapevole dell'esposizione ai pericoli naturali, risulta ancora più importante che gli amministratori locali siano consapevoli del grado di conoscenza della popolazione da loro amministrata al fine di stabilire politiche adeguate. Inoltre, comprendere come il pubblico percepisce il rischio risulta cruciale nel determinare il modo di diffondere informazioni appropriate allo scopo di aumentare la fiducia della popolazione nelle autorità e, in questo modo, migliorare la capacità pubblica di rispondere a eventi estremi e aumentare la resilienza delle persone. Scienziati e politici spesso concordano sul fatto che il pubblico ha la tendenza a reagire emotivamente o soggettivamente alla complessità e spesso non è in grado di apprezzare la natura incerta complessa delle questioni ambientali. Il pubblico, d'altro canto, tende, molte volte, a criticare gli esperti (scienziati e responsabili politici) per l'utilizzo di un linguaggio tecnico inaccessibile e per non fornire risposte chiare e complete. Questi rilievi evidenziano le difficoltà di interlocuzione che esistono tra il pubblico e gli esperti e la necessità di migliorare la comunicazione del rischio da parte degli esperti. Partendo da questa riflessione, si è
ritenuto opportuno svolgere nel febbraio 2018 un'indagine sulla percezione del rischio frana da parte della popolazione di
Maierato, cittadina in provincia di Vibo Valentia, coinvolta il 15 febbraio 2010 da un evento franoso ad elevato impatto ambientale e socio-economico. Al termine di questa indagine si è aggiunta l'esigenza di realizzare delle interviste semi-strutturate, coinvolgendo altresì gli esperti cioè gli attori politici locali e i responsabili tecnici e di Protezione Civile del comune in carica nel periodo in cui si è verificato l'evento franoso del 2010 e i soggetti che rivestivano tali incarichi alla data dell'indagine e cioè otto anni dopo l'evento. Questa esigenza è nata dalla necessità di conoscere il punto di vista di amministratori e tecnici locali sulla gestione dell'emergenza del 2010, sul recupero e la riabilitazione, sulla percezione e consapevolezza del rischio della popolazione e sugli interventi di prevenzione, preparazione e adattamento che si
inseriscono nel quadro degli interventi non strutturali utili alla mitigazione del rischio.
Peduto D.; Santoro M.; Aceto L.; Borrelli L.; Gullà G., 2020, Full integration of geomorphological, geotechnical, A-DInSAR and damage data for detailed geometric-kinematic features of a slow-moving landslide in urban area,
Landslides (Berl., Print) (2020). doi_10.1007/s10346-020-01541-0,
DOI: 10.1007/s10346-020-01541-0
Abstract
The reconnaissance, mapping and analysis of kinematic features of slow-moving landslides evolving along medium-deep sliding ...
The reconnaissance, mapping and analysis of kinematic features of slow-moving landslides evolving along medium-deep sliding surfaces in urban areas can be a difficult task due to the presence and interactions of/with anthropic structures/infrastructures and human activities that can conceal morphological signs of landslide activity. The paper presents an integrated approach to investigate the boundaries, type of movement, kinematics and interactions (in terms of damage severity distribution) with the built environment of a roto-translational slow-moving landslide affecting the historic centre of Lungro town (Calabria region, southern Italy). For this purpose, ancillary multi-source data (e.g. geological-geomorphological features and geotechnical properties of geomaterials), both conventional inclinometer monitoring and innovative non-invasive remote sensing (i.e. A-DInSAR) displacement data were jointly analyzed and interpreted to derive the A-DInSAR-geotechnical velocity (DGV) map of the landslide. This result was then cross-compared with detailed information available on the visible effects (i.e. crack pattern and width) on the exposed buildings along with possible conditioning factors to displacement evolution (i.e. remedial works, sub-services, etc.). The full integration of multi-source data available at the slope scale, by maximizing each contribution, provided a comprehensive outline of kinematic-geometric landslide features that were used to investigate the damage distribution and to detect, if any, anomalous locations of damage severity and relative possible causes. This knowledge can be used to manage landslide risk in the short term and, in particular, is propaedeutic to set up an advanced coupled geotechnical-structural model to simulate both the landslide displacements and the behavior of interacting buildings and, therefore, to implement appropriate risk mitigation strategies over medium/long period.
Antronico L.; De Pascale F.; Coscarelli R.; Gullà G., 2020, Landslide risk perception, social vulnerability and community resilience_ The case study of Maierato (Calabria, southern Italy),
International journal of disaster risk reduction 46 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101529,
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101529
Abstract
Community resilience is the ability of people exposed to disasters, crises and underlying vulnerabilities, to ...
Community resilience is the ability of people exposed to disasters, crises and underlying vulnerabilities, to anticipate, to prepare for, to reduce the impact of, to cope with and to recover from the effects of shocks and stresses without compromising their long-term prospects. In February 2010, the town of Maierato (Calabria, southern Italy) was hit by a large landslide, which radically changed the morphology of the territory and produced an important social and economic impact. The aim of this paper is to deal with the concepts of social vulnerability and community resilience, within the framework of the landslide risk governance and the perception of the risk. Survey was conducted by means of a structured questionnaire interviewing 200 adults. Results, analyzed by means of qualitative methods with the support of descriptive statistics, highlighted several important remarks. Globally, this case study indicates that urgent actions should be taken to reduce disaster-risk such as_ improving citizens' understanding of disaster management, reinforcing risk governance to improve disaster management, investing in risk mitigation and programs fostering adaptation and resilience, improving emergency planning strategies.
Lorenzo Marchi, Marco Cavalli, Gianluca Marcato, 2020, Progetto “GPR” “Approfondimento delle strategie di Governo della Pericolosità alluvionale a seguito dell’evento del 29 ottobre 2018 sul rio Rotiano” – Note sul cedimento di opere di sistemazione in conseguenza di eventi torrentizi intensi,
WP5.01.2020, 2020,
Abstract
Il rapporto presenta e discute una serie di casi, tratti dalla dalla letteratura tecnico-scientifica e ...
Il rapporto presenta e discute una serie di casi, tratti dalla dalla letteratura tecnico-scientifica e dall'esperienza degli autori, di opere di sistemazione idraulica (specialmente briglie) danneggiate o collassate in conseguenza di piene torrentizie o colate detritiche.
Hu T.; Kang Z.; Massironi M.; Hiesinger H.; van der Bogert C.H.; Gamba P.; Brunetti M.T.; Melis M.T., 2020, Geological evolution of the Sinus Iridum basin,
Planetary and space science 194 (2020). doi_10.1016/j.pss.2020.105134,
DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2020.105134
Abstract
As a semi-enclosed crater basin on the northwest rim of Imbrium basin, Sinus Iridum is ...
As a semi-enclosed crater basin on the northwest rim of Imbrium basin, Sinus Iridum is a key site to investigate the geological characteristics at the intersection of two basins. For this reason, we focused on model age determination in Sinus Iridum basin using Chang'E-2 high-resolution images coupled with compositional maps from the Clementine data sets, as well as with digital elevation models (DEMs) from the Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) onboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). With these datasets we identified different geologic units onto which we performed model age determinations based on crater counting. This systematic analysis of the Sinus Iridum basin shows that the age of the oldest exposed basaltic unit is 3.37 Ga (Imbrian age), while the youngest, a mare basalt unit that enters the basin from Imbrium basin, is 1.24 Ga (late Eratosthenian). In general, the ages of the geologic units inside the Sinus Iridum basin gradually decrease from the northeast to the southwest, with the only exception of the young units being located in the north-eastern area. We conclude that the crater size-frequency distributions (CSFD) reflect a multi-layer sequence, suggesting multiple resurfacing events inside Sinus Iridum. The model age determinations identify several infilling events of basalts ranging from 3.37 Ga to 1.24 Ga, which are all derived mare basalt flows from the Imbrium basin.
Lorenzo Marchi, 2020, Progetto “GPR” “Approfondimento delle strategie di Governo della Pericolosità alluvionale a seguito dell’evento del 29 ottobre 2018 sul rio Rotiano” – Commento alle registrazioni video nella zona del camping di Dimaro,
WP2.01.2020, 2020,
Abstract
Il rapporto sintetizza e commenta brevemente la riprese effettuate da 7 telecamere nella zona del ...
Il rapporto sintetizza e commenta brevemente la riprese effettuate da 7 telecamere nella zona del campeggio di Dimaro durante l'evento alluvionale che ha interessato il rio Rotiano il 29 ottobre 2018
L. Marchi, G. Bossi, M. Cavalli, S. Crema, M. Mantovani, G. Marcato, A. Pasuto, A. Sarretta, G. Tedesco, A. Barizza, 2020, Accordo di collaborazione per lo studio di interventi per la mitigazione del rischio da colate detritiche in località Velt – Rapporto finale con integrazioni,
Velt.03.2020, 2020,
Abstract
Il rapporto presenta le attività svolte nel quadro dell'Accordo di collaborazione fra il Comune di ...
Il rapporto presenta le attività svolte nel quadro dell'Accordo di collaborazione fra il Comune di Sauris ed il CNR IRPI, avente per oggetto l'approfondimento della conoscenza delle caratteristiche geolitologiche dei bacini idrografici della zona Velt, con particolare riguardo alla caratterizzazione delle colate detritiche e all'individuazione preliminare degli interventi di mitigazione.
Dari, Jacopo; Brocca, Luca; Quintana-Segui, Pere; Escorihuela, Maria Jose; Stefan, Vivien; Morbidelli, Renato, 2020, Exploiting High-Resolution Remote Sensing Soil Moisture to Estimate Irrigation Water Amounts over a Mediterranean Region,
Remote sensing (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/rs12162593,
DOI: 10.3390/rs12162593
Abstract
Despite irrigation being one of the main sources of anthropogenic water consumption, detailed information about ...
Despite irrigation being one of the main sources of anthropogenic water consumption, detailed information about water amounts destined for this purpose are often lacking worldwide. In this study, a methodology which can be used to estimate irrigation amounts over a pilot area in Spain by exploiting remotely sensed soil moisture is proposed. Two high-resolution DISPATCH (DISaggregation based on Physical And Theoretical scale CHange) downscaled soil moisture products have been used_ SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) at 1 km. The irrigation estimates have been obtained through the SM2RAIN algorithm, in which the evapotranspiration term has been improved to adequately reproduce the crop evapotranspiration over irrigated areas according to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) model. The experiment exploiting the SMAP data at 1 km represents the main work analyzed in this study and covered the period from January 2016 to September 2017. The experiment with the SMOS data at 1 km, for which a longer time series is available, allowed the irrigation estimates to be extended back to 2011. For both of the experiments carried out, the proposed method performed well in reproducing the magnitudes of the irrigation amounts that actually occurred in four of the five pilot irrigation districts. The SMAP experiment, for which a more detailed analysis was performed, also provided satisfactory results in representing the spatial distribution and the timing of the irrigation events. In addition, the investigation into which term of the SM2RAIN algorithm plays the leading role in determining the amount of water entering into the soil highlights the importance of correct representation of the evapotranspiration process.
Zhang G.; Cui P.; Jin W.; Zhang Z.; Wang H.; Bazai N.A.; Li Y.; Liu D.; Pasuto A., 2020, Changes in hydrological behaviours triggered by earthquake disturbance in a mountainous watershed,
Science of the total environment (2020). doi_10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143349,
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143349
Abstract
Landslides induced by strong earthquakes often destroy large amounts of landscape vegetation which can trigger ...
Landslides induced by strong earthquakes often destroy large amounts of landscape vegetation which can trigger significant changes in runoff potential and flood flow. Little is known about hydrological behaviours imposed by co-seismic landslides and their post-earthquake evolution. Therefore, we collected time-series datasets (2007-2018) of underlying surface conditions (USC) changes including landslide expansion and recovery in a watershed affected by the Wenchuan earthquake to further quantify how the large physical disturbance affected the flood hydrological behaviours. The hydrological model HEC-HMS was calibrated and validated to predict the historical hydrological behaviours based on 5 min time-series data in rainfalls and streamflow (2018-2019), showing a good model performance with a mean Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency of 0.76. It was found that, shortly after the earthquake, the sharp expansion with 11% of landslide areas elevated the magnitudes of runoff potential, peak discharge, and runoff volume by >10%, and the peak to time for the high-magnitude flood was advanced by 25 min compared to the pre-earthquake levels. The tipping point along the hydrological disturbance-recovery trajectory was detected within 2011 with higher flood peaks and volumes, and the periods of 2011-2013 (i.e. 3-5 years post-earthquake) were deemed to be a rapid recovery period, revealing an unstable hydrological function. These findings are significant for clearly understanding the magnitude and timing, as well as greater risks of post-earthquake catastrophic flooding in earthquake-stricken regions. Additionally, the post-earthquake accompanied rainstorm-induced geohazards, which limited the recovery of landscape vegetation, triggering an undulant but clear recovery process (1-7 years post-earthquake) of hydrological behaviours. These findings promoted our understanding of the spatiotemporal evolution of hydrological behaviours triggered by the earthquake, and further contribute to the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies for the unpredictable flash floods triggered by future abrupt natural hazards in earthquake-affected regions.
Martina Cignetti , Danilo Godone , Davide Bertolo , Marco Paganone , Patrick Thuegaz, Daniele Giordan, 2020, Rockfall susceptibility along the regional road network of Aosta Valley Region (northwestern Italy),
Journal of maps (2020). doi_10.1080/17445647.2020.1850534,
DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2020.1850534
Abstract
Rockfalls are a major hazard in mountain areas. They can endanger human settlements and infrastructures, ...
Rockfalls are a major hazard in mountain areas. They can endanger human settlements and infrastructures, and, every year, cause multiple damage and victims. An investigation of those areas more susceptible to rockfall represents a key approach to improve the analysis and management of rockfall impact and consequences. The proposed procedure involves the study of occurred rockfall databases and thematic maps to compute a susceptibility map, by the employment of Analytical Hierarchic Process. The computation is focused on the road network of Aosta Valley Region (northwestern Italy) and its proximity. The model results highlight the importance of morphometric factors on the investigated phenomena. The outcomes of the analysis were also validated by comparing rockfall databases with the receiver operating characteristic curve, in order to confirm their reliability. The results of the procedure are a starting point for a detailed planning action in order to manage the hazard related to these phenomena.
Michele Perrotti, Danilo Godone, Paolo Allasia, Marco Baldo, Nunzio Luciano Fazio, Piernicola Lollino, 2020, Investigating the Susceptibility to Failure of a Rock Cliff by Integrating Structure-from-Motion Analysis and 3D Geomechanical Modelling,
Remote sensing (Basel) (2020). doi_10.3390/rs12233994,
DOI: 10.3390/rs12233994
Abstract
Multi-temporal UAV and digital photo surveys have been acquired between 2017 and 2020 on a ...
Multi-temporal UAV and digital photo surveys have been acquired between 2017 and 2020 on a coastal cliff in soft rocks in South-Eastern Italy for hazard assessment and the corresponding point clouds have been processed and compared. The multi-temporal survey results provide indications of a progressive deepening process of erosion and detachment of blocks from the mid-height portion of the cliff, with the upper stiffer rock stratum working provisionally as a shelf against the risk of general collapse. Based on the DEM model obtained, a three-dimensional geomechanical finite element model has been created and analyzed in order to investigate the general stability of the cliff and to detect the rock portions which are more susceptible to failure. Concerning the evolving erosion process, active in the cliff, the photogrammetric analyses and the modeling simulations result in agreement and a proneness to both local and general instabilities has been achieved.
Yves Tramblay , Agnieszka Rutkowska , Eric Sauquet , Catherine Sefton ,
Gregor Laaha , Marzena Osuch , Teresa Albuquerque , Maria Helena Alves , Kazimierz Banasik ,
Aurelien Beaufort , Luca Brocca , Stefania Camici , Zoltán Csabai , Hamouda Dakhlaoui , Anna
Maria DeGirolamo , Gerald Dörflinger , Francesc Gallart , Tobias Gauster , Lahoucine Hanich ,
Silvia Kohnová , Luis Mediero , Ninov Plamen , Simon Parry , Pere Quintana-Seguí , Ourania
Tzoraki & Thibault Datry, 2020, Trends in flow intermittence for European rivers,
Hydrological sciences journal (Online) (2020). doi_10.1080/02626667.2020.1849708,
DOI: 10.1080/02626667.2020.1849708
Abstract
Intermittent rivers are prevalent in many countries across Europe, but little is known about the
temporal ...
Intermittent rivers are prevalent in many countries across Europe, but little is known about the
temporal evolution of intermittence and its relationship with climate variability. Trend analysis of
the annual and seasonal number of zero-flow days, the maximum duration of dry spells and the
mean date of the zero-flow events, is performed on a database of 452 rivers with varying degrees
of intermittence between 1970 and 2010. The relationships between flow intermittence and
climate are investigated using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) and
climate indices describing large-scale atmospheric circulation. The results indicate a strong
spatial variability of the seasonal patterns of intermittence and the annual and seasonal number of
zero-flow days, highlighting the controls exerted by local catchment properties. Most of the
detected trends indicate an increasing number of zero-flow days, which also tend to occur earlier
in the year, particularly in southern Europe. The SPEI is found to be strongly related to the annual
and seasonal zero-flow day occurrence in more than half of the stations for different
accumulation times between 12 and 24 months. Conversely, there is a weaker dependence of
river intermittence with large-scale circulation indices. Overall, these results suggest increased
water stress in intermittent rivers that may affect their biota and biochemistry and also reduce
available water resources.
Paola Reichenbach (1), Mauro Rossi (1), Fausto Guzzetti (2) and Bruce D. Malamud (3), 2020, Evaluating the terrain susceptibility to mass movements,
Evaluating the Terrain Susceptibility to Mass-Movements, Treatise on Geomorphology, 2nd edition. Amsterdam_ Elsevier, 2020,
Abstract
The variability of landslide phenomena in terms of types, velocity and size, makes it difficult ...
The variability of landslide phenomena in terms of types, velocity and size, makes it difficult to establish a unique methodology for the definition of landslide susceptibility, with different approaches proposed in the literature for the prediction of landslide occurrence. In addition, the extent of the study area and the characteristics of the available data may influence the selection of the susceptibility models. For these reasons, landslide susceptibility studies described in the literature use different modelling approaches adopting a variety of mapping units and thematic information. In this chapter, we first use a database of 565 articles from a recent systematic review of the literature to illustrate and describe a synthesis of relevant information on landslide susceptibility modelling and terrain zonation. We then present examples of susceptibility zonations prepared at four different scales_ (i) continental (Europe), (ii) national (Italy), (iii) sub-national (Umbria Region, Italy), and (iv) catchment scale (Collazzone area, Italy), using different data types and resolutions, different mapping units, and various statistically-based modelling approaches. We use these four examples to provide our reflections on the proprieties of the geo-environmental data, and the main characteristics of the modelling approaches at different scales. We conclude with a few steps that could become a starting point for the discussion and definition of a standard for statistically-based landslide susceptibility methods and zonation.
Giorgio De Giorgio, Limoni Pier Paolo, Polemio Maurizio, Zuffianò Livia Emanuela, 2020, ATTIVITÀ DI MONITORAGGIO IDROGEOLOGICO PERIODICO DELLE ACQUE SOTTERRANEE IN CONTRADA MARTUCCI, COMUNE DI CONVERSANO (BARI) VII Rapporto di Progresso,
2020,
Abstract
La società "Progetto Gestione Bacino Bari Cinque s.r.l." ha affidato all'Istituto di Ricerca per la ...
La società "Progetto Gestione Bacino Bari Cinque s.r.l." ha affidato all'Istituto di Ricerca per la Protezione Idrogeologica del CNR (CNR-IRPI) - Sede Secondaria di Bari, le "Attività di monitoraggio idrogeologico periodico delle acque sotterranee in Contrada Martucci, Comune di Conversano (Bari)", per l'impianto per il trattamento e lo smaltimento di rifiuti solidi urbani posto nella suddetta contrada. Il presente Rapporto di Progresso descrive le attività svolte in sito, sia ai fini del campionamento delle acque sotterranee che delle misure piezometriche, attività intercorse nel quinto e sesto trimestre di riferimento, e raccoglie le misure e le determinazioni acquisite in sito dei parametri chimico-fisici non stabili nonché delle misure piezometriche.
Alessandro Pasuto, Giulia Bossi, Matteo Mantovani, Gianluca Marcato, Luca Schenato, Giacomo Tedesco, Giacomo Titti, 2020, ATTIVITÀ DI GESTIONE, MANUTENZIONE, VALIDAZIONE E INTERPRETAZIONE DEI DATI RELATIVAMENTE AL SISTEMA DI MONITORAGGIO DELLE FRANE DEL TESSINA E DI LAMOSANO NEL PERIODO DAL 01.09.2019 AL 31.08.2020,
2020,
Abstract
report delle attività svolte durante il II anno di convenzione delle frane di Lamosano e ...
report delle attività svolte durante il II anno di convenzione delle frane di Lamosano e Tessina
Piero Boccardo; Vanina Fissore; Salvatore Morreale; Elisa Ilardi, 2020, AERIAL LiDAR TECHNOLOGY IN SUPPORT TO AVALANCHES PREVENTION AND RISK MITIGATION_ AN OPERATIVE APPLICATION AT “COLLE DELLA MADDALENA” (ITALY),
Climate Change and Disaster Management 2020, Sidney, Australia, 30/11/2020 - 04/12/2020,
Abstract
Snow avalanches are the result of unstable snow masses that detach from steep slopes as ...
Snow avalanches are the result of unstable snow masses that detach from steep slopes as consequence of changes in snowpack structure. Nowadays, remote sensing technologies can improve the knowledge of avalanches phenomenon. This work focuses on the use of high point density aerial LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) technology as support to avalanche events prevention and risk mitigation, by presenting an operative application at Colle della Maddalena (Italy), along the road SS n. 21, nearby the French state border. The area is often involved in intense avalanche events that adversely impact on traffic and freight transport. For this reason, regional administrations will activate the Avalanche Artificial Detachment Intervention Plan (PIDAV, 2012) in order to prevent and manage the avalanche risk in the study area, also adopting artificial detachment systems. Main aim of the present work was to generate high resolution information related to geomorphological characterization (i.e. digital elevation models, slope and aspect) of avalanche sites derived from LiDAR data processing, that will help involved authorities in the management of the avalanche control plan. Digital elevation models at 0.5 m of spatial resolution were generated together with relative tridimensional models. Secondly, a preliminary investigation about capabilities and limits of LiDAR technology was done in the identification of avalanche sites only relying on geomorphological information directly derived by LiDAR data processing. Results showed that position of avalanche sites were correctly identified while no information could be obtained about the extension of the sliding area and identification of detachment areas.
Giorgio De Giorgio 1, Michele Chieco 2, Pier Paolo Limoni 1, Livia Emanuela Zuffianò 1, Vittoria Dragone 1, Annarita Romanazzi 1, Rossella Pagliarulo 1, Giuseppe Musicco 2 and Maurizio Polemio 1, 2020, Improving Regulation and the Role of Natural Risk Knowledge to Promote Sustainable Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy Utilization,
Water (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/w12102925,
DOI: 10.3390/w12102925
Abstract
The use of geothermal energy resources to support anthropogenic activities have a long-lasting tradition, renewed ...
The use of geothermal energy resources to support anthropogenic activities have a long-lasting tradition, renewed in recent decades with the increasing use of low enthalpy geothermal energy (LEG) with combined systems of heat pumps and geothermal exchange, exploiting the enormous thermal capacity and very low temperature variability of subsoil, including rocks and water. The further potential global increase of LEG use could be enormous, although LEG is already the main geothermal energy sources in Europe, contributing significantly to reach 2030 UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) on renewable energy resources, as a further leg to support all necessary efforts for these scopes. This research pursues LEG spreading improving knowledge on limitations of guidelines, technical regulations and/or laws, briefly rules, especially in terms of potential risks or limitations due to environmental constrains or natural phenomena. A global documentary research, including scientific articles, books, technical reports from qualified institutions, technical standards, guidelines, regulations, and laws, was realized with three different groups of keywords. A total of 161 documents were selected after some steps, including quality check. Identical English and Italian keyword sets were used to span from an international global scale to the complex local scale which characterizes the Italian experience. A complex sheet was filled in for each document, supporting data discussion, planned with a geographical criterion, from global to local. The system of rules resulted worldwide inhomogeneous and complex, with high differences from countries, nations or regions, also at local scale. The low quality or the absence of simple and careful "rules" emerged an important obstacle to LEG diffusion that can guarantee sustainability and the absence of natural risks. Main virtuous systems of rules were recognized as very useful to promote LEG spreading but these are still uncommon. The discussion of optimal experiences and the overview of potential natural risks due to LEG complete the paper.
Pagliarulo Rosa, 2020, Fenomenologie tipiche di instabilità del territorio in Puglia_ frane costiere,
2020,
Abstract
La tematica oggetto di questa breve chiacchierata, rientra nell'ambito del WP 8 - Definizione di ...
La tematica oggetto di questa breve chiacchierata, rientra nell'ambito del WP 8 - Definizione di procedure metodologiche per l'analisi dell'instabilità costiera del Progetto Regione e si riferisce essenzialmente al rischio costiero.
Pagliarulo Rosa, 2020, Report I Semestre WP8 Definizione di procedure metodologiche per l’analisi dell’instabilità pugliese,
pp.1–3, 2020,
Abstract
Gli studi relativi alle procedure metodologiche per la valutazione delle instabilità costiere nel primo semestre ...
Gli studi relativi alle procedure metodologiche per la valutazione delle instabilità costiere nel primo semestre 2020 purtroppo sono stati rallentati a causa della chiusura dovuta alla emergenza COVID 19, soprattutto per quanto riguarda sopralluoghi, verifiche e controlli in situ, e comunque sono continuati gli scambi di opinioni e le discussioni tramite riunioni online con tutti i partecipanti al WP8. E' stato avviato uno studio sul moto ondoso e sulle caratteristiche delle onde durante le forti mareggiate. I dati consultati, provenienti dal database RON (Rete Ondametrica Nazionale), comprendono il periodo Gennaio 2010 - Dicembre 2014. Le variabili coinvolte e considerate sono diverse e comprendono_ a) l'altezza d'onda; b) come l'energia delle onde viene modificata dal fondale prima di raggiungere la costa, quindi dalla presenza o meno della piattaforma di abrasione; c) la direzione di incidenza del moto ondoso rispetto alla linea di costa.
La direzione della maggior parte delle mareggiate segue quella dei venti predominanti e cioè E-SE e N-NE.
Pagliarulo Rosa, Veronica Zumpano, 2020, Meccanismi dell’instabilità costiera e processi erosivi lungo le coste Rocciose pugliesi,
Analisi e Attività di mitigazione dei processi geo-idrologici in Italia, pp. 69–73, Roma, 29 Novembre 2019,
Abstract
Nel presente articolo, dopo aver individuato le tipologie di costa più frequenti nella Regione pugliese ...
Nel presente articolo, dopo aver individuato le tipologie di costa più frequenti nella Regione pugliese vengono analizzati i meccanismi e le cause della diffusa instabilità delle coste rocciose alte. Questa problematica riveste carattere di enorme rilevanza regionale anche tenuto conto dell'estensione delle coste alte potenzialmente interessate a questo fenomeno. La morfodinamica costiera determina nel tempo una variazione dei versanti e delle falesie. L'evoluzione della costa alta può essere, in alcuni casi continua e lenta, in altri discontinua e veloce, a seconda delle azioni dirette e indirette compiute dagli agenti esterni sul litorale.
I dissesti possono essere episodici e discontinui nel tempo e nello spazio. Le falesie pugliesi sono intagliate in rocce carbonatiche mesozoiche stratificate e fessurate e calcareniti plio-pleistoceniche. I dissesti più diffusi sono riferibili a crolli di blocchi o di porzioni di ammasso roccioso, ribaltamenti, scivolamenti planari o rotazionali e scivolamenti di cunei.
Il moto ondoso rappresenta la principale causa di dissesto delle pareti rocciose e insieme con le correnti marine e maree, costituisce il più importante agente morfogenetico delle coste alte, insieme al weathering e ai processi erosivi molto attivi sulle facies calcarenitiche. I fattori che controllano i processi morfodinamici costieri sono rappresentati da fenomeni di_ 1) lungo e medio termine_ variazioni relative del livello marino, eustatismo, tettonica, effetti locali; 2) i processi continui sono le azioni di deposizione/erosione del moto ondoso, correnti, maree, trasporto dei sedimenti lungo costa; 3) di breve termine_ eventi parossistici e/o improvvisi dovuti a grandi mareggiate, tsunami, alluvioni, crolli istantanei. Non ultima vi è l'azione antropica, lenta ma continua.
Ai fini della valutazione della pericolosità è di primaria importanza il monitoraggio dell'evoluzione di alcune situazioni particolarmente critiche anche per la definizione di possibili interventi di mitigazione.
Dari, Jacopo; Brocca, Luca; Quintana-Seguí, Pere; Escorihuela, María José; Stefan, Vivien; Morbidelli, Renato, 2020, Exploiting high-resolution remote sensing soil moisture to estimate irrigation water amounts over a Mediterranean region,
Remote sensing (Basel) 12 (2020). doi_10.3390/RS12162593,
DOI: 10.3390/RS12162593
Abstract
Despite irrigation being one of the main sources of anthropogenic water consumption, detailed information about ...
Despite irrigation being one of the main sources of anthropogenic water consumption, detailed information about water amounts destined for this purpose are often lacking worldwide. In this study, a methodology which can be used to estimate irrigation amounts over a pilot area in Spain by exploiting remotely sensed soil moisture is proposed. Two high-resolution DISPATCH (DISaggregation based on Physical And Theoretical scale CHange) downscaled soil moisture products have been used_ SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity) at 1 km. The irrigation estimates have been obtained through the SM2RAIN algorithm, in which the evapotranspiration term has been improved to adequately reproduce the crop evapotranspiration over irrigated areas according to the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) model. The experiment exploiting the SMAP data at 1 km represents the main work analyzed in this study and covered the period from January 2016 to September 2017. The experiment with the SMOS data at 1 km, for which a longer time series is available, allowed the irrigation estimates to be extended back to 2011. For both of the experiments carried out, the proposed method performed well in reproducing the magnitudes of the irrigation amounts that actually occurred in four of the five pilot irrigation districts. The SMAP experiment, for which a more detailed analysis was performed, also provided satisfactory results in representing the spatial distribution and the timing of the irrigation events. In addition, the investigation into which term of the SM2RAIN algorithm plays the leading role in determining the amount of water entering into the soil highlights the importance of correct representation of the evapotranspiration process.
Brocca, Luca; Massari, Christian; Pellarin, Thierry; Filippucci, Paolo; Ciabatta, Luca; Camici, Stefania; Kerr, Yann H.; Fernandez-Prieto, Diego, 2020, River flow prediction in data scarce regions_ soil moisture integrated satellite rainfall products outperform rain gauge observations in West Africa,
Scientific reports (Nature Publishing Group) 10 (2020). doi_10.1038/s41598-020-69343-x,
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69343-x
Abstract
Satellite precipitation products have been largely improved in the recent years particularly with the launch ...
Satellite precipitation products have been largely improved in the recent years particularly with the launch of the global precipitation measurement (GPM) core satellite. Moreover, the development of techniques for exploiting the information provided by satellite soil moisture to complement/enhance precipitation products have improved the accuracy of accumulated rainfall estimates over land. Such satellite enhanced precipitation products, available with a short latency (<1 day), represent an important and new source of information for river flow prediction and water resources management, particularly in developing countries in which ground observations are scarcely available and the access to such data is not always ensured. In this study, three recently developed rainfall products obtained from the integration of GPM rainfall and satellite soil moisture products have been used; namely GPM+SM2RAIN, PRISM-SMOS, and PRISM-SMAP. The prediction of observed daily river discharge at 10 basins located in Europe (4), West Africa (3) and South Africa (3) is carried out. For comparison, we have also considered three rainfall products based on_ (1) GPM only, i.e., the Early Run version of the Integrated Multi-Satellite Retrievals for GPM (GPM-ER), (2) rain gauges, i.e., the Global Precipitation Climatology Centre, and (3) the latest European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis, ERA5. Three different conceptual and lumped rainfall-runoff models are employed to obtain robust and reliable results over the 3-year data period 2015-2017. Results indicate that, particularly over scarcely gauged areas (West Africa), the integrated products outperform both ground- and reanalysis-based rainfall estimates. For all basins, the GPM+SM2RAIN product is performing the best among the short latency products with mean Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) equal to 0.87, and significantly better than GPM-ER (mean KGE=0.77). The integrated products are found to reproduce particularly well the high flows. These results highlight the strong need to disseminate such integrated satellite rainfall products for hydrological (and agricultural) applications in poorly gauged areas such as Africa and South America.
Giulia Margaritelli a, Fabrizio Lirer b, Katrin Schroeder c, Alberico Ines b, Maria Paola Dentici d, Antonio Caruso d, 2020, Globorotalia truncatulinoides in Central – Western Mediterranean Sea during the Little Ice Age,
Marine micropaleontology (Print) (2020). doi_10.1016/j.marmicro.2020.101921,
DOI: 10.1016/j.marmicro.2020.101921
Abstract
Globorotalia truncatulinoides oscillations have been recorded from different marine sediment cores collected in the central ...
Globorotalia truncatulinoides oscillations have been recorded from different marine sediment cores collected in the central and western Mediterranean Sea. The abundances of this species over the last 500 yrs. demonstrates its potential value as bio-indicator of particular oceanographic condition during the Maunder Minimum (MM) event of the Little Ice Age (LIA). The comparison between the G. truncatulinoides abundance patterns of the Balearic Basin, central and south Tyrrhenian Sea and central and eastern Sicily Channel allows to highlight a similar response of this species during the MM event in the central-western Mediterranean Sea. The ecological meanings of this species and its peculiar high abundance percentages in the total assemblages suggest the development of enhanced vertical mixing conditions during MM winter season with a strong advection of nutrients from the nutrient-rich deeper layers and enhances the productivity levels in the mixed layer. The intensified vertical mixing could be linked to persistence of an atmospheric blocking event recorded by several authors during the MM.
Brenna A.; Surian N.; Ghinassi M.; Marchi L., 2020, Sediment-water flows in mountain streams_ Recognition and classification based on field evidence,
Geomorphology (Amst.) 371 (2020): 1–18. doi_10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107413,
DOI: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2020.107413
Abstract
Sediment transport in mountain streams occurs through different flow types that are categorized in accordance ...
Sediment transport in mountain streams occurs through different flow types that are categorized in accordance with hydraulics and physical properties of a flowing material, and considering the dominant transport mechanism as debris flow, debris flood, hyperconcentrated flow, and water flow. Given that directly monitoring transport processes is often infeasible, a sound alternative to process recognition is to consider the morphological and sedimentological features of related deposits--attributes that chiefly depend on flow type. Accordingly, this work developed a post-flood survey protocol for distinguishing various flow types on the basis of the geomorphological and sedimentological features of deposits and their effects on vegetation. The case study selected for developing and applying the protocol is the Tegnas catchment (Dolomites, Italy), a mountain basin affected by an intense storm in October 2018. We conducted a literature review to identify diagnostic evidence for identifying different flow types and developed a survey form to ease data collection and interpretation. Field surveys were integrated with grain size analyses, measurements of the inclination angle (?) of imbricated clasts, and estimations of organic content (OM) in deposits. Field criteria allowed us to classify each channel sub-reach in accordance with the characteristics of flood deposits. The main stem of the catchment and its steep tributaries were characterized mainly by water and debris flow processes, respectively. Nevertheless, our survey also showed that debris floods occurred in several sub-reaches of the main stem and tributaries. The comparison of ? and OM under different flow type deposits uncovered significant differences in ? and slight differences in OM. The findings led us to conclude that a combination of field diagnostic criteria and quantitative measurements of additional parameters in a post-flood survey enables a reliable recognition of flow types.
1)Mauro Rossi, 2)Roberto Sarro, 1)Paola Reichenbach, 3)Rosa María Mateos, 2020, Probabilistic identification of rockfall source areas at regional scale in El Hierro (Canary Islands, Spain),
Geomorphology (Amst.) (2020).,
Abstract
Modelling rockfall phenomena is complex and requires various input including an accurate location of the ...
Modelling rockfall phenomena is complex and requires various input including an accurate location of the source areas. Source areas are controlled by geomorphological, geological or other geo-environmental factors and may largely influence the results of the modelling. In the Canary Islands, rockfalls are very common and they pose a major threat to society, costing lives, disrupting infrastructures and destroying livelihoods. In 2011, the volcanic event in the island of El Hierro, triggered numerous rockfalls that affected strategic infrastructures with a major impact on the local population. During the emergency, the efforts performed to map source areas and to model the rockfalls in the very steep landscape characterizing the island, was not trivial. To better identify the rockfall source areas, we propose a probabilistic modelling framework, which applies a combination of multiple statistical models using the source area locations mapped in the field as dependent variable and a set of thematic information as independent variables. The models use as input morphometric parameters derived from the Digital Elevation Model and lithological information as an expression of the mechanical behaviour of the rocks. The analysis of different training and validation scenarios allowed_ to test the model sensitivity to input data; to select the optimal model training configuration and to evaluate the model applicability outside the training areas. The final map obtained from the modelling, provides for the entire island of El Hierro, the probability of a given location being a potential source area and can be used as input for rockfall runout simulation modelling.
Legleiter C.J.; Pavelsky T.; Durand M.; Allen G.H.; Tarpanelli A.; Frasson R.; Guneralp I.; Woodget A., 2020, Editorial for the special issue “remote sensing of flow velocity, channel bathymetry, and river discharge”,
Remote sensing (Basel) 12 (2020): 2304–2310. doi_10.3390/rs12142304,
DOI: 10.3390/rs12142304
Polemio M., Zuffianò L.E., 2020, Review of Utilization Management of Groundwater at Risk of Salinization,
Journal of water resources planning and management 146 (2020): 1–20. doi_10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943- 5452.0001278,
DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943- 5452.0001278
Abstract
Groundwater salinization caused by natural and anthropogenic processes can increase the salinity above the concentrations ...
Groundwater salinization caused by natural and anthropogenic processes can increase the salinity above the concentrations recommended for specific uses or environments. Approximately 16% of the total land area on Earth suffers from groundwater salinization, potentially creating significant social, economic, and environmental problems. Global bibliographical research focusing on studies related to the utilization and management of salinization-threatened groundwater was conducted. A database of 520 papers from 85 countries was compiled and discussed. The main salinization sources were identified, and seawater intrusion is the primary studied phenomenon. This paper classifies different state-of-the-art approaches for protecting groundwater resources from salinization. Practical scientific solutions, from technical and engineering solutions to rules or regulatory instruments, are discussed from a global perspective. As salinization risk becomes a relevant problem, more complex initiatives should be applied to meet water demands while minimizing disadvantages. From the lowest to the highest complexity, three approaches were defined_ the engineering approach, the discharge management approach, and the water and land management approach. The discussion presents directions for future research opportunities.
Carmela Vennari, Domenico Casarano, Ivan Marchesini, Paola Salvati, Mario Parise, Piernicola Lollino, 2020, LAND-deFeND 1.1 un geodatabase di eventi geo-idrologici per attività di Protezione Civile nella Regione Puglia,
Analisi e attività di mitigazione dei processi geo-idrologici in Italia, pp. 156–160, Roma, 29 novembbre 2019,
Abstract
Building a geo-database on geo-
hydrological phenomena (landslides,
floods, sinkholes) represents the basic
activity for the complex elaborations
aimed ...
Building a geo-database on geo-
hydrological phenomena (landslides,
floods, sinkholes) represents the basic
activity for the complex elaborations
aimed at the spatial and temporal pre-
diction of future events and their pos-
sible consequences. The collection and
organization of data, together with the
management of the database structure,
is of extreme importance for the practi-
cal technical use of the catalogue. A new
database structure, LAND-deFeND 1.1,
designed and developed by CNR-IRPI
is here presented. It is a database struc-
ture that allows to record, organize and
manage non-homogeneous information
on geo-hydrological events (landslides,
floods, sinkholes) occurred in the past,
able to overcome many of the limitations
highlighted in the databases for Italy.
The database has been implemented in
the framework of a project involving Civil
Protection Department of Apulia region,
in order to collect available information
on geo-hydrological events occurred in
Apulia after 1992. The structure of the
database is then presented, illustrating the
methodology used to collect information
and record data in the database. The col-
lected data are presented, with particular
attention to a complex event, in order to
highlight the potential of the structure.
